with独立主格结构修订版

1、独立主格结构和with / without复合结构一、独立主格结构: 1. 充当状语：在句中可以表示时间、原因条件、方式或伴随情况等。(充当状语的有：形容词&副词&介词短语&状语从句，非谓语动词（逻辑主语与整句的主语相同。）)2.结构: 名词/代词 + 非谓语（doing & todo & done）/形容词&副词/介词短语 （逻辑主语） E.g. Taking your age into consideration, youd better not go hiking. (逻主you)E.g. Your age taken into consi

2、deration, youd better not go hiking. (逻主your age) () 名词/代词+分词(过去分词done & 现在分词doing)当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。1._, they left the meeting room.（问题解决了）（settle）2._, well go there on foot. (时间允许的话)(permit) 3.He was lying on the grass, _(他的手交叉在手下) (cross)

3、()名词/代词 + 形容词1. _,he had to stay home to look after her.(他妈妈生病了)2. He entered the house, _（red）(他的鼻子冻得通红)()名词代词副词He put on his socks，_.（反的一面在外面）(out)（）名词代词介词短语在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯不用冠词。1.Our teacher came into the classroom,_.(手上一本书)2._, the soldier rushed to the top of the mountain.(肩

4、上一面旗帜）二With和without复合结构（又叫独立主格结构）with和without复合结构是:with/without + n. /pron. + n.with/without + n. /pron. + adj. with /without + n. /pron. + adv. with /without + n. /pron. + prep.with /without + n. /pron. + doingwith /without + n. /pron. + being donewith /without + n. /pron. + done with /without + n.

5、 /pron. + to do作状语，表示时间、伴随、方式、原因、结果等1)with/without + n./pron. + n.She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion. 她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书，她的宠物狗便是她惟一的伙伴。2)with/without + n./pron. + adj. He left the room with the door open . 门开着，他就离开了屋子。Dont talk with your mouth full. 嘴里满是东西，不要说话。3) w

6、ith/without + n./pron. + adv. With Tom away, I always feel lonely. Tom不在，我一直感觉孤独。With the radio on , grandma fell asleep in the chair . 收音机开着,奶奶在椅子里沉沉的睡着了.4) with/without + n./pron. + prep.The man left the meeting with a book in his hand. 这个男士手里拿着书离开了会议。5) with/without + n./pron. + doingShe lives in

7、 the room with the light burning. 她住在亮着灯的那个房间里。6) with/without + n./pron. + being doneWith my homework being done, I cant go out to play. 因为我正在做作业，所以不能出去玩。7) with/without + n./pron. + doneThe peasants have a good harvest with all the crops got in .庄稼都收割了，农民们有了一个好收成。8) with/without + n./pron. + to do

8、With so many problems to settle, the new manager was so worried.有着太多问题去处理，新经理如此担忧.练习题1. I couldnt finish my work with those children _.A. playing around B. plays around C. played around D. to play around 2. In the read-room, we found her seated at a desk, with her attention _ on a book.A. fixing B.

9、fixes C. fixed D. to fix3. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled4. _ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through作定语(主要是用作后置定语) E.g. The girl reac

10、hed a river bank with so many flowers on both banks. 这个女孩来到了两岸开满鲜花的河边。附加：1. 句法结构动宾关系这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的过去分词及动词不定式构成的，前者表示“被动；完成”；后者表示“未做；待做”。e.g. With so much work to do, we had to sit up through the night. 有这么多工作要做，我们不得不彻夜不眠。With nothing taken home, the boy was afraid to see his stepfather.

11、没有东西带回家，这个小男孩害怕见到他的父亲。2. there/ it +现在分词E.g. There being no bus, they had to walk home. It being late, they had to say goodbye.3. 非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是难点，咱们常常对此感到头疼。其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点，做起题来会很轻松。熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后，做题时可分四步分析。第一步: 分析句子结构1)._many times , but he still couldn't understand it .2). _many times

12、, he still couldn't understand it . A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. Though he told3)._to the left, you'll find the post office .4).If you _to the left, you'll find the post office .5)._to the left, and you'll find the post office . A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turne

13、d第二步: 分析逻辑主语确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。1. _no buses , we have to walk home . 2. _Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home . A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It being第三步: 分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动

14、还是被动关系。1. _from space , the earth looks blue .2._from space , we can see the earth is blue . A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See3. The dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside .4. _ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside . A. was washed B. washed C. were washed D. having washed第四步：分析时

15、态在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。1. The building _now will be a restaurant .2. The building _next year will be a restaurant .3. The building _last year is a restaurant.A. having been built B.to be built C. being built D. built练习题：1. BBC English broadcasts programmes for China _ explanation in Chinese.

16、A. in B.for C.with D.as2. The young woman _ a baby sleeping in her arms was wandering in the street. A. with B.because C. on D. like3. Everyone should go to sleep with the light turned off. A. as B. with C. for D. on4. _ so many homework to do, Mary wont have time to play with her friends this morni

17、ng. A. Without B. With C. By D. Because5. _ the door open, the noise of the machines is almost deafening. A. Because B. As C. With D. Because of6. _ his mother out, he had to stay at home alone. A. As B.For C. Because D. With7. _ all things considered, her proposal is of greater than his A. Like B.W

18、ith C. On D. Without8. _ time permitting, we will visit the Summer Palace. A. By B. On C. With D. As9. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it.（2007 安徽） A. finished B. Finishing C. having finished D. was finished10. Now that weve discussed our problem, are p

19、eople happy with the decisions _?(2009 全国卷1) A. taking B. Take C. taken D. to take11. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much.(2008 福建) A. for B. When C. with D. while12.-Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.-Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I a

20、lmost break down. (2007 福建) A. filled B. Filling C. to fill D. being filled13.I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.（2005 北京） A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on14. _ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctors help to end her life. （2005江西） A. Having given up hope of cure B. With no hope for cure C. There being hope for cure D. In the hope of cure15. _ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2