tunic(纤维膜)

1、CHAPTER 9 Eye and EarThe eyes are the complex photoreceptor organs that enable us to sense the form, color, and movement of objects in our field of vision. Each eye is mainly composed of the eyeball and the accessory structures.From the outside to the inside of the eyeball the three tunics are the t

2、he fibrous tunic, the vascular tunic and the neural tunic (retina).the complex photoreceptor organs, , fibrous tunic(纤维膜纤维膜) the wall vascular tunic(血管膜血管膜) neural tunic(retina,视网膜视网膜) eyeball(眼球眼球) contents: lens(晶状体晶状体), vitreous body(玻璃体玻璃体), aqueous humor(房房水水). accessory structures(附属器附属器): eye

3、lids(眼睑眼睑), conjunctiva(结膜结膜), lacrimal gland(泪泪腺腺). Fibrous tunic(纤维膜纤维膜)：has two main portionscornea(角膜): anterior one-sixth corneal epithelium (角膜上皮) anterior limiting lamina (前界层) corneal stroma (角膜基质) posterior limiting lamina (后界层) corneal endothelium (角膜内皮) sclera(巩膜): posterior five-sixths,

4、a tough layer of dense connective tissue consisting of collagenous ibres角膜与巩膜交界处的结构角膜缘：角膜与巩膜交界移行处；“角膜缘移植术”巩膜静脉窦：角膜缘内侧, 环形管道：内皮、基膜、结缔组织，充满房水。小梁网：巩膜静脉窦内侧，由小梁和小梁间隙构成。巩膜距：巩膜组织向前突起形成，是小梁网和睫状肌的附着处。前房、前房角、后房Vascular tunic(血管膜血管膜)iris(虹膜) 前缘层“pupil” 虹膜基质 后层色素细胞 虹膜上皮 瞳孔括约肌 前层肌上皮细胞 瞳孔开大肌 睫状肌 ciliary body(睫状体

5、) 基质 睫状体上皮：外层-色素细胞；内层-非色素细胞,分泌房水choroid(脉络膜 )， “玻璃膜”Retina（视网膜）（视网膜）虹膜上皮+睫状体上皮an extension of CNS ,the junction between the non-photosensitive anterior and posterior parts is the ora serrata(锯齿缘),mainly consists of 4 layers of cells: the layer of pigment epithelial cells (色素上皮层), the layer of visual

6、 cells (视细胞层), the layer of bipolar cells (双极细胞层),中间神经元and the layer of ganglion cells (节细胞层)，多极神经元，轴突视神经。Visual cell(视细胞视细胞 ): 分视杆细胞(rod cell)和视锥细胞(cone cell).视杆细胞 视锥细胞胞 核 小,染色深 大，染色浅内节 粗,含丰富的同视杆细胞外突 是合成蛋白质的部位外节 为感光部位,独立的膜盘 为感光部位,膜盘与胞 镶嵌有视紫红质，衰老膜盘 膜不分离，也不脱落， 不断脱落 镶嵌有视色素 内 突 末端膨大呈球状 末端膨大呈足状功 能 感弱光、暗

7、光 感强光和色觉 The EarThe ear is the organ of hearing, which has three regions: the external ear, the middle ear, and the internal ear.Internal ear(内耳内耳)：又称迷路(labyrinth)，由骨迷路和膜迷路组成。膜迷路腔内充满内淋巴，膜迷路与骨迷路之间的腔隙充满外淋巴。膜迷路某些部位的粘膜增厚，上皮细胞特化形成听觉感受器和位觉感受器。Vestibular Organs(前庭器前庭器) The vestibular organs referred to the

8、 utricle(椭圆囊) and saccule(球囊), which respond to maintaining the normal position of the body. Crista ampullaris(壶腹嵴壶腹嵴) Cochlea(耳蜗耳蜗) 蜗轴:松质骨，含血管、耳蜗神经节。 前庭阶：骨蜗管，有外淋巴.蜗管 鼓室阶：有外淋巴. 中间阶(膜蜗管) ：含内淋巴 顶壁：前庭膜 膜蜗管 外侧壁：血管纹 骨螺旋板螺旋缘盖膜 底壁 膜螺旋板(基底膜):螺旋器螺旋器螺旋器 (spiral organ):又称 Corti 器,听觉感受器柱细胞: 内柱细胞；外柱细胞内隧道支持细胞 指细胞: 内指细胞; 外指细胞毛细胞: 内毛细胞; 外毛细胞自学内容：自学内容：1 什么是 MLLer 细胞、黄斑和视神经乳头？ 2 晶状体纤维是胶原原纤维吗？3 Zeis 腺和 Moll 腺均是汗腺吗？4 Where is aque