【2019-2020】高考英语一轮基础练Unit7TheSea(含解析)北师大版必修3

1、1 / 11 【2019-2020】高考英语一轮基础练 Unit7TheSea （含解析）北师大 版必修3 李仕才 I阅读理解 A Vinegar makes salad, fries and dumplings taste better, and you can even use it to clean your windows. And now, according to scientists, it may even the planet s populatio n survive climate cha nge. Researchers from the RIKENCe nter fo

2、r Susta in able Resource Science （CSRS） in Japa n found that grow ing pla nts in vin egar makes them more resista nt to droughts. This could mean that in the future, worries about climate cha nge affect ing the worl d s supply of food will be much lower. The discovery was made after the researchers

3、studied the Arabidopsis, a pla nt known for its ability to survive in dry weather. It was found that whe n the pla nt was placed in drought-like con diti on s, it produced a chemical called acetate （醋酸盐） It s hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countri

4、es keep their crops alive. In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the world rice, wheat and maize and the basic pla nt of breedi ng species, rapeseed （油菜籽），” Jong Myong Kim, co-author of the study, told Popular Science magaz ine. 1. What is the article mainly about? A. The world s food s

5、upply will be in creased. B. Pla nts better survive droughts. C. The Arabidopsis is resista nt to droughts. D. Vin egar could be used to fight droughts. 2.It was discovered that acetate can _ A. be used by farmers to replace soil B. only be produced by the Arabidopsis2 / 11 C. help pla nts survive d

6、ry con diti ons D. be used to improve poor soil 3. What are the target pla nts of the experime nt? A. all breed ing species. B. wheat and Arabidopisis. C. rice and maize. D. rapeseed and Arabidopisis. 4. Jong Myong Kim s experiment of trying out the method A. can make people s trips pl easant B. tur

7、 ned out a worldwide success C. is as simple as pouri ng vin egar over the pla nts 【文章大意】 本文属于科普类文章。醋不仅使食物味道更好，还可以用它来清洁你的窗 户。研究发现醋中生长的植物，使它们更耐干旱。 1. D 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述了醋能让植物在干旱的环境中生存， 即能抗击干旱，故选 Db 工c 解析推理判斷题根擔第二段最才強吨血 腮靄專a違龍应m田1嗣）ftriB咖期 to sunive in dy 吧瓷 athen 1 was fbund that when the plant

8、 priced in drought-! ike conditions, i produced a chemical called acetate （酉昔酸盐） 一 the main component 廿 f vintgar *及第三段 Py adding acerate to the sojl of other plants：had survtv V分析可知研究人员发现 Arabidopiis 中的主要成分 Anbkkp 金肓 gU植物在干旱的条件卩生存，故选 3. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的In the experime nt, we targeted the staple

9、foods of the world rice, wheat and maize and the basic pla nt of breedi ng species, rapeseed, ”可知在实验中，主要针对大米，小麦和玉米等。故选 C。 4. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的第一句分析本句可知 Kim 已与对此感兴趣的花 卉种植公司联系，也就是吸引这些公司。故选 Do 眨眼)less ofte n whe n 3 / 11 He says ano ther part of the problem is that people bli nk( A pers on who uses

10、an electro nic device bli nks about one third as much as we normally do in everyday life.And that can result in the front part of the eye drying and not stay ing protected like no rmal. ” Eye doctors offer suggestions like the following which is known as the 20/20/20 rule.That meansevery twenty minu

11、tes look away twenty feet or more for at least twenty seconds from whatever device you re using. Other suggestions include putting more distanee between you and the device and using good light in g.Of course, ano ther way is to spe nd less time look ing at scree ns.Ma ny experts say childre n should

12、 spe nd no more tha n two hours a day using digital devices with no scree n time for childre n un der two. But not all eye doctors have no ticed an in crease in problems in childre n.Dr.David Hun ter, from Bost on Childre n s Hospital, has not see n an in crease in his prac tice. “ While it is possi

13、ble to develop fatigue look ing at scree ns for a long period of time, there s certainly no proof that it actually causes any damage to the eyes ，” he says. 【解题导语】 本文讲述了孩子们每天花几个小时看电脑和其他数码设备， 一些眼科医 生说这样会增加“电脑视觉综合症”患者的数量。 1. Which of the following is true according to the passage? B. People keep their

14、 eyes protected against drying by blinking normally. C. Children under two can watch TV for less than two hours a day. D. Dr.David Hun ter says headaches cause an in crease in eye problems. B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ A person who uses an electro nic dev ice blinks about one third as much as we normally do

15、in everyday life.And that can result in the front part of the eye drying and not stay ing protected like no rmal ” 可知， 一个使用电脑或者其他数码产品的人眨眼的次数是我们日常生活中正常眨眼次数的三分之 一，眨眼能够防止眼睛干燥，保护眼睛。故选 Bo 2. The syndrome in children is more likely serious than in adults because A. adults are cleverer than children B. adu

16、lts ignore taking care of children C. children always overlook early warning sig ns D. children always forget their p arents words they use digital devices.He says, 4 / 11 C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ Dr.Bo nilla-W arford says part of the problem is that children may be more likely to pay no attention to ear

17、ly warning signs than adults. ”可知，验光师 Bonilla-Warford 说儿童比成年人的电脑视力综合症情 况严重是因为儿童往往比成年人更容易忽略其早期的症状。故选 C。 3 What does the und erlined word “ fatigue ” mean in the last parag raph? A Interest. BAbility. C Tiredness. D Difficulty. C 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“ looking at screens for a long period of time ”可知，长时间盯

18、着屏幕看会造成视觉疲劳，但是没有证据表明它会对眼睛造成损伤。 fatigue 意为“疲劳”。故选 C。 4 What can be the best title for the passage? A Looking at Screens: Two Hours or More B How Can Children Use Their Eyes Properly C Using Digital Devices: Advantages and Disadvantages D How Much Screen Time Is Proper for Children D 解析： 标题归纳题。 本文讲述了孩

19、子们每天花几个小时看电脑和其他数码设备， 一 些眼科医生说这样会增加“电脑视觉综合症”患者的数量。 眼科医生推荐了 20/20/20 规则： 每隔 20 分钟看 20 英尺外或更远的地方至少 20 秒钟。故选 D 项作标题最恰当。 C （效率） ,less reliance on fossil （化石 ） fuels, and a reduction in air and water pollution. Most scientists agree that such changes are necessary to protect our environment from further h

20、arm. The construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. In the United States, building and development account for 39%of the country s total energy use, 12%of total water consumption,68% of total electricity consumption and 38%of carbo

21、n dioxide emissions （二氧化碳排放） , according to the Environment Protection Agency. Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, and go to school in than standard buildings. Builders of green buildings use techniques that use resources more efficiently durin

22、g the entire building cycle construction, restoration, operation, maintenance （维护） and demolition （拆 毁） than those who construct more regular buildings. The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems （生态系统） and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less was

23、te flowing into 5 / 11 streams, and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live in such buildings. The process of build

24、ing green includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green building

25、s, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials over long distances. Careful site selection is important to minimize （最小化） human impact on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take adva ntage of cool breezes （微风）and

26、sun light can reduce en ergy use and expe nses. More energy and expense are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build small. Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources suc

27、h as solar power, hydropower （水能）and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the impact on the environment. 1. What is the text mainly about? A. The necessity of promoting energy efficiency. B. The process of building green buildings. C. The benefits a

28、nd features of green buildings. D. Green buildings effects on the environment. 2. According to the text, green buildings refer to the buildings that _. A. produce no waste B. only use clean energy C. are made of recycled materials D. use energy and resources more efficiently 3. Which of the followin

29、g statements is TRUE about green buildings? A. They rely on fossil fuels and solar power for heat and electricity. B. Small build ings are less efficie nt in en ergy use tha n larger on es. C. The ecosystem has to be con sidered whe n buildi ng a gree n buildi ng. 6 / 11 D. They are difficult to mai

30、ntain and thus need more operating costs. 4. Why are gree n roofs used ? A. They fit the surrounding environment well B. They are cheaper tha n other kinds of roofs C. They can keep n atural water for use in everyday life D. They can help to control the temperature in the building well 【文章大意】在本文中作者主

31、要分析了 gree n buildi ng 的诸多好处和对环境的巨大的保 护作用，呼吁人们多建设这样的绿色的建筑。 1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。本文第三段中 Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, or go to school in tha n sta ndard buildi ngs. Gree n build ings use resources more properly duri ng the en tire buildi ng cycle

32、tha n traditi onal buildi ng. 禾口倒数第二段第一句 Green roofs are ano ther feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost. 倒数第一段第 一句 Other features of green buildings often include energy and water con servati on, recycli ng, and waste reduction. 可知本文主要讲述的是 Green buildi ngs 的很多的好处和特征。故 C 正确。 2D 【解析】

33、细节理解题 根摒第二段中珈 of geen buildngs use tEclmiques that use resource more efficiently dufing the entire building cycle 可张瞬色建筑指的是更有效地刹用育潮和资源的建筑物故 选D& 3. C【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句 The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems （生态系统） and biodiversity, improved air and water

34、 quality, less waste flow ing into streams, and the protect ion of n atural resources.由此可知，建造绿色建筑时必须考虑生态系统。故选 C。 4. D【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，他们可以帮助控制大楼里的温度。故选 Dt D 7 / 11 （2017 福建高三单科质量检查 ）Want to help fight global warming ? Take off your tie , says the Italian health Ministry. It has urged employers to

35、 let their staff dress casually at work in the summer so that the air con diti oning can be tur ned dow n. “Taking your tie off immediately lowers the body temperature by 2 or 3 degrees centigrade ，” the ministry said in a statement. “Allowing a more sensible use of air con diti oning brings about e

36、lectricity savi ngs and protects the envir onmen t. ” It called on all public and private offices to let employees wear no tie during heat waves like the one that has brought Africa-like temperatures to many parts of Italy this week. The move echoes（ 回应）a similar action from Italy s biggest oil grou

37、p , ENI, which told its staff earlier this mon th they n eed not wear a tie at work. The tie makers , however, were left hot_under_the_collar _ . “ Italy con firms that it is a stra nge country ，” Flavio Cima said an grily in a letter to financial daily IL Sole 24 OREunder the headline : I , tie mak

38、er , am respon sible for global warm ing. ” “We can now happily continue with our lifestyle , using cars , consuming fuel , heat ing and cooli ng our homes at leisure .On one con diti on : we should not wear a tie while we do so ，” he wrote. Italy is one of the Europea n Un io n s worst performers o

39、n the polluti on front and is among the EU countries expected to exceed（超出）their greenhouse gas emission（ 排放）targets. 【解题导语】 解掉领带可以让体温下降 2 或 3 度，所以许多公司鼓励员工不戴领带上 班，以抵制全球气候变暖；但是，这种主张遭到了领带制造商的反对。 1. What s the purpose of the move of taking off ties? A. To dress casually. B. To fight global warming. C.

40、To keep the body temperature. D. To improve working conditions. B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的 Want to help fight global warming? Take off your tie ”可知，解掉领带是为了抵制全球变暖，故 B 项正确。 2. Who first encouraged employees to take off ties? 8 / 11 A. ENI. B. Flavio Cima. C. A financial daily. D. The Italian health ministry. A

41、 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的.ENI , which told its staff earlier this month they need not wear a tie at work ”可知，ENI公司最早鼓励员工上班时不戴领带， 故 A 项正确。 3. What does the un derli ned part “ hot under the collar ” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A. An gry. B. Speechless. C Delighted. D. Puzzled. A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段和第五段可知，包括 ENI

42、 在内的许多公司，都鼓励 员工不戴领带上班；根据常识可以判断， 此举势必造成领带制造商的商品滞销； 结合第七段 的Flavio Cima said an grily in a letter ”可以判断，画线部分意为“愤怒的”，故 A 项正确。B 项意为“（因愤怒等）说不出话的”，C 项意为“高兴的”，D 项意为“困惑的”， 都与语境不符。 4. Which of the following is TRUE about Flavio Cima? A. He stands by the oil group. B. He agrees with the ministry. C. He admits

43、his responsibility. D. He argues against taking off ties. D 解析：推理判 断题。根据第六段“ The tie makers , however , were left hot un der the collar ” 以 及第七 段中的 “ Italy con firms that it is a stra nge country， Flavio Cima said angrily in a letter ”可知，对于鼓励员工不戴领带上班 一事，作为领带制造商的 Flavio Cima 非常生气；据此可以判断，他对不戴领带工作的观点 有

44、异议，故 D 项正确。 n七选五 （2017 烟台高考适应性练习 ）People who seem to have all the luck are not usually blessed by a large amount of good fortune.They simply have a healthy attitude, which enables them to make the most of situations.Here are some tips for creating your own luck. Be Grateful for What You Have Some pe

45、ople are already lucky, and they just don t know it.1. _ For example, you have a happy family, some wonderful friends, a roof over your head and food on the table.By ack no wledg ing these things regularly, you can in sta ntly feel luckier. See the Good in the Past 9 / 11 Be Gen erous If you want pe

46、ople to give you opportunities, you have to consider what you can do for others.3. Be generous with your time and attention, and you ll be surprised how many lucky opportunities people may offer you. Be Open to New Things Take Action 5 _ Take steps towards your goals and dreams and greet every chall

47、enge with a positive mindset.You will find you create more luck in everyday life. A You cannot expect to receive if you never give. B So be grateful for the good that came from your past. CMany people spend time thinking about what they don t have. E Trying something new is a great way of getting mo

48、re opportunities. G Look at how lucky you already are instead of focusing on what s lacking. 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文， 主要是给那些想在生活中获得好运的人提出几点建 议。 1 G 解析：根据空格前的“ Some people are already lucky, and they just don t know it. ”可知，有些人的运气已经很好了，但他们只是不知道。而空格后是对空格前提出 的观点的举例说明。G 项“你应该看到你已经拥有的好运，而不是关注自己缺少的东西”能 够与上下文紧密联系，

49、符合语境。故选 G。 2B 解析：空格处所在段的小标题是 See the Good in the Past ，意为“看到过去 的美好”。 由此可知，本段内容和过去的美好有关，且根据空格前的内容可知，经历苦难可 以发展优势和品质，如果你没有经历那些苦难，你就不会有这些。 B 项“因此要感谢过去的 经历给你带来的美好”能够与上下文衔接紧密，紧扣本段小标题。故选 B。 3. A 解析：空格处所在段的小标题是 Be Generous，意为“要慷慨大方”。 由此可知， 本段主要内容是待人要大方慷慨。 根据空格前内容可知， 如果你想要人们给你机会， 你就要 思考一下你能为别人做些什么。 A 项“如果你从来

50、没有奉献过，你也不可能期望获得”与上 文衔接紧密，紧扣本段小标题。故选 A。 4. E 解析：空格处所在段的小标题是 Be Open to New Things ，意为“要敞开胸怀接 受新的事物”。E 项“尝试新的事物是获得更多机会的好方法”能够与上下文紧密联系，紧10 / 11 扣本段小标题。故选 E。 5. D 解析：空格处所在段的小标题是 Take Action，意为“采取行动”。根据空格后 的内容可知，对你的目标和梦想采取行动，以积极的心态迎接每一次挑战。 在那里等待好运到来，那么你永远不会有好运”能够与下文紧密联系, 川、七选五 Which is much more signific

51、ant to you when you are finding a job ? Working experienee or an advaneed degree ? Well ,1 believe diverse people have different answers. 1 Here are some reas ons Above all , most of jobs dont require such a high degree , which means just some work, such as theoretical physics , archaeology , or literature , needs high academic qualification. 2 For example , when you are offering a department manager post , and there is a man who has