包装专业英语 lesson 18

1、 Straight-Line and Rotary SystemsFigure 18.1 Intermittent-motion straight-line filler15Straight-Line and Rotary SystemsFigure 18.2 Rotary machines are able to operate athigher speeds than intermittent machines.172010-11-17 Changeovers Total changeover time can be grouped into four main categories: P

2、reparation or organization: get parts, get tools, locate mechanics/operators Changeover: remove and remount change parts Measurement: settings, calibrations测定, centering Trial run: run-in final adjustments run in, Changeovers Make a histogram柱状图 (a detailed bar chart g p showing where time has been

3、spent to effect the changeover. Focus on the histogram's large elements. Determine ways to accomplish time reductions: Eliminate need for tools. Externalize使具体化 or “off-line” 离线as much as possible. Make all settings to a quantified 定量scale. Have a single documented procedure for all operators. T

4、he ideal changeover takes no time, no tools, no talent and you can sell “ first off ”首先 马上 立刻 . 20 21 Machine Controls The motions of machine components are achieved, timed, timed and controlled by various methods They may be methods. mechanically actuated by levers, cams凸轮, chains, push rods, or ge

5、ars. Motions can be controlled and implemented by microswitches, timers, electromagnetic relays, hydraulics, pneumatics, and electronic means. Each method has its advantages and applications. d t d li ti Maintenance is an important aspect of machine motion and control systems. Machine Controls A mac

6、hine runs best when all components are at their optimum settings. Th i i These settings should b d i h ld be determined i d and quantified and not left to operator discretion辨别力. Microelectronics and microprocessors have provided the packaging engineer with endless possibilities for continuous monit

7、oring of station variables such as fill weight, throughput生产能力，吞吐量, weight throughput生产能力 吞吐量 production speed speed, and machine settings. Amount of things it can do 22 judgment 23 6 2010-11-17 Developing Custom Machinery Periodically, packaging ideas surface表面的，呈现 for which no machine has ever bee

8、n built. Designing special-purpose machines to perform totally new functions is an especially arduous艰巨的 task, one not to be taken lightly. Developing Custom Machinery The design of a unique machine usually goes through the following stages: 1. Conceptual development (ideas for how each step will be

9、 achieved 2. Construction of station models 3. Creation of assembly and detail drawings for prototype machine 4. Construction of prototype machine 5. Test run of prototype machine in production environment 6. Modification and improvement of prototype machine 7. Creation of assembly and detail drawin

10、gs for production machine 8. Construction and commissioning of production line commissioning 试运转 24 25 Developing Custom Machinery Depending on available expertise (eksptiz 专 家的意见）, some steps may be shortened or p y circumvented. Design of special-purpose machines is a high-risk activity and should

11、 be approached with caution. Upgrading Existing Equipment Packaging machines tend to be highly specialized, complex pieces of equipment, often tailored to meet a particular need. Refurbishing existing in-house equipment, if it is possible to do so, has definite benefits: You are working with proven technology There are no capi