高考名词性从句详细讲解及易错题汇总解析

1、高考英语名词性从句详细讲解及易错题汇总解析一、名词性从句定义：在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why1. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和

2、连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。What he wants to tell us is not clear. It is known to us how he became a writer. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形

3、式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句注意：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder,

4、etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that2. 宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. We must ne

5、ver think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at onc

6、e. 2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。I want to know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外

7、，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。he studies English ever

8、y day. （从句用一般现在时）he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。 The teacher told us that Tom had left us for Ame

9、rica 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。 We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。 I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。3. 表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。The fact is that we have lost the gam

10、e. That is why he didnt come to the meeting. It looks as if it is going to rain. 当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 4. 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、

11、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting. I have no idea when he will come back home. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连

12、词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 试比较下面两个例句: I had no idea that you were here（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）名词性从句易错题、陷阱题汇总及解析考题1The photographs will show you_.解题思路：根据引导词在从句中作介词like的宾语，所以不能用副词how，排除C、D，而A项用了疑问句的语序，故选B项。答案：B易错警

13、示：在陈述句中，简单疑问句作宾语从句时，用陈述语序。考题2He asked_ for a violin.        A. did I pay how much    B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay    D. how much I paid答案：D（二）用it代替主语从句或宾语从句 为了使句子保持平衡，常用先行词it来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放在后面，尤其是连词that引导的主语从句

14、常用于此种句式中，但what, whatever, whoever, whichever引导的主语从句一般不后置。考题3I hate_ when people talk with their mouths full.     A. it    B. that    C. these    D. them解题思路：此题考查了it作先行词代替宾语从句，而把宾语从句放在句末，其他人称代词或指示代词都不能代替从句。答案：A易错警示：考生如果不仔细，很容易错选B。（三）关联词

15、的区分名词性从句中关联词的选择是非常重要的，所以在高考中更多的是考查关联词的选择 问题，而在关联词的选择中，主要侧重以下几个方面的检测。1. whether和if的区别以及whether, if和that的区别。Whether和if在引导宾语从句时一般可以通用，但在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾语从句时只能用whether, 不能用if; whether, if引导的名词转化而来的，含有疑问意义，而that引导的从句是由陈述句转化而来的，不含有疑问意义。考题4What the doctors really doubt is_ my mother will recov

16、er from the serous disease soon.   A. when   B. how   C. whether    D. why解题思路：这是一个表语从句。根据doubt一词可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所以要填whether. 这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是是否能很快从重病中恢复过来”。答案：C易错警示：易错选B，注意文中表达的是“是否”之意，而非“怎样”。   2. that从句与wh-从句的区别：    That 连词在从

17、句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，而wh-连词在从句中作成分，且含有疑问意义。考题5_ we cant get seems better than_ we have.    A. What; what    B. What; that    C. That; that    D. That; what解题思路：此题考查了两个名词性从句，因为从句中都缺宾语，所以都应选what不选，that, that在引导名词性从句时不作成分。答案：A易错警示：这里把what和that的区别显示得

18、很清楚，考生应牢记。考题6-Do you remember_ he came?     -Yes, I do. He came by car.     A. how   B. when    C. that    D. if解题思路：根据答语He came by car. 可知，问句应是提问方式，所以选择A项how.答案：A易错警示：当问及方式、方法、怎样的，应用how.3. what, which, who, when, where,

19、 how等引导的名词性从句与whatever, whichever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however等引导的名词性从句的区别： 后者引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句而前者引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。Who/ whom, whoever/ whomever 的选择，要看关联词在从句中是作主语还是作宾语而定，如果在从句中作主语只能选用who/ whoever, 作宾语时用whom/ whomever.考题7It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or

20、 she wants.    A. however   B. whatever   C. whichever   D. whenever解题思路：根据句意可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句，而从句中wants 缺少宾语，排除A和D，whichever表示“无论哪一个，无论哪些”，应表示一定范围内的人或物，此处没有涉及事物的范围，所以应选B项whatever，表示“无论什么”。答案：B易错警示：however无论如何。 考题8_ leaves the room lat ought to turn

21、off the lights.    A. Anyone   B The person   C. Whoever   D Who 解题思路：此题不含有疑问意义，所以用whoever引导主语从句，强调“无论谁”。Whoever在从句中作主语。答案：C易错警示：如选B，则应将leaves改为leaving.4. who, what, which, how, when, where 之间的词义区别以及whoever, whatever, whichever, however, whenever, whereve

22、r等之间的词义区别。 这主要从两个方面来区分:一是分析句子结构，看其在从句中作什么成分；二是理清其在句中的含义。考题9A computer can only do_ your have instructed it to do.    A. how   B. after    C. what    D. when解题思路：根据语境，此处应选一个宾语从句作do的宾语，因为宾语从句中to do 后面缺少宾语，所以应选C项what. 这句话的意思是“计算机只能做你指示它做的事情”。答

23、案：C易错警示：只有what和whatever才有这样的双重身份，能作引导词同时也作宾语从句中的宾语部分。考题10I read about it in some book or other, does it matter_ it was?    A. where   B. what   C. how    D. which解题思路：这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的意思分析，应是哪本书以要填which, 这句话的意思是“我在某书中读到过有关这方面的内容，是哪一本书重要吗？”答案：D易

24、错警示：易错选B. matter 是不及物动词，不能直接接what.考题11-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.      -Is that_ you had a few days off?        A. why     B. when    C. what    D. where解题思路：根据上句提供的语，下句应该

25、问“那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗？”所以选A. why引导的表语从句。答案：A易错警示：have a day off请一天假。考题12 I still remember_ this used to be a quiet place.     A. when    B. how   C. where    D. what解题思路：本题考查宾语从句。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语，排除D项what, 而B、C句意不通，所以应选A项when.本句的意思是“我仍然记得这里在什么时候

26、是个宁静的地方”。答案：A易错警示：used to be过去常常是。考题13Go and get your coat. Its_ you left it.     A. where   B. there    C. there where   D. where there解题思路：本题考查了where引导表语从句的用法。答案：A易错警示：考生容易误选C，把where看成关系副词引导定语从句。但是there是副词，不能有定语从句修饰。 5. whatever, whicheve

27、r, whoever, whenever, wherever, however等与no matter what, no matter which, no matter who, no matter when, no matter where, no how的区别。   前者既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而no matter加疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。考题14Sarah hopes to become a friend of_ shares her interests.     A. anyone  

28、; B. whomever   C. whoever   D. no matter who解题思路：no matter 加疑问词只能引导状语从句，不能引导词性从句，排除D, 而此处关联词在引导的从句中作主语，所以不选B，应该选C项whoever.答案：C易错警示：whomever只能在人句中作宾语。考题15_ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.    A. How    B. Whatever 

29、60; C. However   D. No matter解题思路：这是一个让步状语从句。这句话的意思是：“无论我给他多少劝告，他却完全按他所想的去做”。不能填how,因为how只能引导名词性从句，不能引导让步状语从句，此处however相当于no matter how引导让步状语从句。答案：C易错警示：advice是不可数名词，考生在做此题时要留心。典型陷阱题分析    1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _ he said meant. 

30、   A. that                     B. what C. that that                D. what what       

31、; 【分析】正确答案选 D.第一个what 用作动词 meant 的宾语，第二个what 用作动词 said 的宾语，即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中，none of us understood 为主句，what what he said meant 为宾语从句，而在此宾语从句中又包括有 what he said 这样一个主语从句。         【分析】最佳答案选 C.有的同学误选A，是因为认为介词后应接关系代词 which，但实际上，若填关系代词，其前没有先行词

32、，这根据不是一个定语从句。另外，由于 had happened 缺主语，所以B和D也不能选。请再做下面一题（答案选B）：    He pointed to _ looked like a tomb and said, “Ghost.”    A. that                   B. what   C. which 

33、0;             D. as 3.“Is _ you want to say？” asked the teacher.    A. this                   B. that    C. all that &#

34、160;             D. that all    【分析】最佳答案选 D.假若选A或B，那么转换成陈述句即为：This is you want to say. / That is you want to say. 显然句中的两个谓语动词 is与want相冲突。选D组成的句子是 Is that all you want to say？ 其中的that 为句子主语，all 为表语，you want to say 为定语从句，用以修饰al

35、l.           【分析】最佳答案选 B.第一个when引出的是一个特殊疑问句，故用疑问词序；第二个 when 引出的是主语从句，故其后用陈述句词序。请做以下试题（答案选C）：    （1） None knows if _ that boy, but if _ him, her parents will be disappointed.    A. she will marry, she will marry  

36、60;      B. she marries, she marries    C. she will marry, she marries            D. she marries, she will marry    （2） “Where _ go to work？” “Where _ go to work is not known.”  &#

37、160; A. we shall, we shall                    B. shall we, shall we    C. shall we, we shall                &#

38、160;   D. we shall, shall we 5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _.    A. who is he              B. who he is   C. who is it           

39、0;  D. who it is    【分析】此题最佳答案为D.首先可以排除A和C，因为空格处实为一个宾语从句，所以不能用疑问句词序。另一方面，但按英语习惯，当用于指代身份不明的人时，要用代词it，而不用 he 或she等。比较以下两句：    Mr Smith is at the door. He wants to see you. 史密斯先生在门口，他想见你。    Someone is at the door. It may be the postman. 有个人在门口，可能是邮递员。&

40、#160;   第一句因前面指明了是 Mr Smith，所以后面用代词 he；而第二句因前面用的是不定代词 someone，说明此人身份尚不明确，故其后用了代词 it 来指代。 6. Dont you know, my dear friend, _ it is your money not you that she loves？    A. who                

41、0;  B.which C. that                  D. what        【分析】其实答案应选C.that引导的是一个宾语从句，用作动词 know 的宾语，它只是被句中的插入语 my dear friend 隔开罢了。请做以下试题（答案均为C）：    （1） Everyone knows, per

42、haps except you, _ your girl-friend is a cheat.    A. who                  B. which C. that                 D. what 

43、;   （2） I think, though I could be mistaken, _ she liked me.    A. who                  B. which C. that              &#

44、160;  D. what    （3） He told me the news, believe it or not, _ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.    A. that                 B. which C. as       &

45、#160;       D. because前面两题 that 引导宾语从句，后面一题 that同位语从句（修饰the news）。 1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _ he said meant.    A. that               &

46、#160;     B. what C. that that                D. what what 2. After _ had happened he could not continue to work there.A. which            &

47、#160;      B. how C. what                    D. Having 3.“Is _ you want to say？” asked the teacher.    A. this         &

48、#160;         B. that    C. all that               D. that all 4. “When _ leave for Japan？” “When _ leave for Japan is kept secret.”    A. they will, will they 

49、        B. will they, they willC. they will, they will         D. will they, will they 5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _.    A. who is he         

50、0;    B. who he is   C. who is it              D. who it is 6. Dont you know, my dear friend, _ it is your money not you that she loves？    A. who         

51、          B.which C. that                  D. what精编陷阱题训练    1. They lost their way in the forest, and _ made matters worse was that night began to fall.&#

52、160;   A. it                  B. which C. that                D. what    2. Patience is a kind of quality and that

53、is _A_ it takes to do anything well.    A. what                B. which C. which               D. how    3. It has come to my

54、 notice _ some of you have missed classes.    A. what               B. which C. that               D. when    4. “What were you tr

55、ying to prove to the police？”  “_ I was last night.”    A. That               B. When C. Where              D. What    5. Country

56、life gives him peace and quiet, which is _ he cant enjoy while living in big cities.    A. that               B. why C. where              D. what

57、0;   6. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.    A. that               B. when   C. what        &#

58、160;      D. how    7. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.    A. What; why         B. That; what C. What; because     D. Why; that

59、60;   8. _ we are doing has never been done before.    A. That               B. What C. Which              D. Whether    9. P

60、eople have heard _ the President has said; they are waiting to see _ he will do.    A. how, how       B. what, what C. when, how         D. that, what    10. When you answer questions in a job intervi

61、ew, please remember the golden rule： Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants.    A. what            B. which C. when            D. that 11. These wild flowers are

62、so special I would do _ I can to save them.    A. whatever      B. That C. which         D. whichever    12. _ she was invited to the ball made her very happy.    A. What  

63、60;      B. That C. When         D. Because    13. Eat _ cake you like and leave the others for _ comes in late.    A. any, who B. every, whoever C. whichever, whoever D. either, whoever  &#

64、160; 14. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _ I got wet through.    A. Its the reason B. Thats whyC. Theres why D. Thats because    15. _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.    A. Who B. The one C. Anyone  D. Whoever &

65、#160;  16. _ medicine works in a human body is a question _ not everyone can understand fully.    A. How; that B. That; which C. That; which D. What; that 17.  I got wet all through. _ I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.    A. Its the reason     B. Thats why    C. Theres why         D. Thats because18. “_ made her struggle to become a