并列连词和从属连词

1、For personal use only in study and research; not for commercialuse、并列连词：）常见的表示语义延伸的并列连词有:1. andJustice is on your side. And justice will triumph overinjustice.正义在你们一边，而正义是会战胜非正义的2. neither. norShe could neither speak the language nor write it. 这种语言她既不会说，也不会写。3. both. andA man should have both courag

2、e and perseverance. 一个人既要有勇气 又要有毅力。4. not only. but alsoWe should not only be bold, but also be cautious. 我 们不仅 要大胆， 而且要谨慎。5. as well asI have read one of his novelsas well as a few of hisplays. 我读过他的一本小说 和 几个剧本。二）表示 选择 的并列连词有：1. orYou may do it yourself,or ask someone else to do it.你可以自己做 或者 让别人做。2

3、. either. orI left iteither on the tableor in the drawer.我 不是把它放在桌子上了， 就是 放在抽屉里了。除了表示选择外， or 和 either. or还可以 表示否定的条件：1) Now I must go or (if not) I shall be late for the party. 我现在得走了，否则晚会我就要迟到了。2) Youll either behave yourself, or youll never go out with me. 你要么老实点，要么就永远不能跟我一起出 去。三)表示 转折或对比 的并列连词有：1

4、. butHe tried hardbut he was unsuccessful. 他做了很大努力但没有成功。2. yetThe car was old, yet it was in excellent condition. 这 辆车子很旧，但 仍处于良好的状态。3. howeverShe felt ill. She went to work,however, and tried toconcentrate. 她病了。 然而 她照旧去上班，并且尽力集中 精神工作。四）表示 因果关系 的并列连词有： 因果：原因和结果1. forYoud better put on your sweater,f

5、or its rather coldoutside. 你最好把毛衣穿上， 因为 外边相当冷。2. soMy sister is expecting me，so I must be off now.姐在等我， 因此 我得走了。二、从属连词：从属连词是用来引导从句的。一）引导 时间状语从句 的从属连词有：1. whenThere was prolonged applausewhen he began to speak.他开始讲话时响起了经久不息的掌声。2. whileWe should strike while the iron is hot.我们要趁热打铁。3. asAs (When) he e

6、ntered, the hall burst into thunderous applause. 当他进来时，全场发出雷鸣般的掌声。4. afterAfter I visit Shanghai Ill travel up the Yangtze.访问上海之后，我将溯长江而上。5. beforeIt would be months before he was fit for the work.要过好几个月他才能适应工作6. sinceIt is just a week since we arrived here. 才一个星期。7. until (till)I shall stay here un

7、til (till) Ive completed 我要在这里待到学习结束为止。8. as soon asAs soon as he got well, he went back to work. 好就回去上班了。9. onceOnce he said that, I knew he was lying. 就知道他在撒谎。我们到这里my studies.他病他一说这话我二）引导 原因状语从句 的从属连词有：1. becauseHe failed because he was too careless.因为 他太粗心，所以失败了。2. asAs it was already rather dark

8、, we decided to stop at the temple forthe night.因为 已经相当晚了，我们决定在庙里待一夜。3. sinceSince （原因） you dont want to go, we wont force youto. 既然 你不愿意去，我们也不勉强你。4. now thatNow that you are all back, wed better start the work right away. 你们既然都回来了， 我们最好马上就开始工作。5. considering (that)They did the job quite well consid

9、ering (that) they had noexperience. 考虑到 他们没有什么经验，这项工作他们 已经干得不错了。6. seeing thatSeeing that (Since) nobody was very enthusiastic about it, theydecided to cancel the trip. 由于 都没有很高 的热情，他们决定取消这次旅行。七)引导 结果状语从句 的从属连词有：1. so.thatShe was so moved that tears came to her eyes. 她感动 得热泪盈眶。2. such.thatIt was suc

10、h a boring speech that I fell asleep.枯燥乏味，听得我都睡着了。三）引导 条件状语从句 的从属连词有：1. ifIf you can do it, so can I. 你要是能办到，我也能办到。2. even ifWewouldnt lose heart even if we should fail ten times. 我们就是失败十次也不灰心。3. unlessI wont go unless you want me to. 除非你要我去，否则 我是不会去的。4. in case演讲Ill lend you the bookon condition (t

11、hat)you returnWed better take our raincoats (rains).我们最好把雨衣带着 以防 下雨。5. provided /providing (that)Ill come provided (providing) (that)you let me knowin good time. 你要是及时通知我是会来的。6. suppose/supposing (that)Suppose (Supposing) (that)he wont agree, what shallwe do? 假如 他不同意，我们怎么办？7. as (so) long asYou may

12、use the room as long as you keep it clean. 只 要保持清洁你可以用这个房间。8. on condition (that)it on Monday. 只要 你能在星期一还我，这本书我就借给你in case it should rain四)引导 让步状语从句 的从属连词有：1. although / thoughEverybody worked with great enthusiasm although/though theweather was extremely cold.虽然 天气很冷，大家工作得非常起劲。2. even if (though)Ev

13、en if I have to walk all the way Ill get there.即使我得一路走着去，我也要去那里。五)引导 比较状语从句 的从属连词有：1. thanWe have produced 20% more cotton this yearthan we didlast year. 我们今年棉花产量比去年高百分之二十。2. as (so).asHe doesnt play halfas well as his sister. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。六)引导 目的状语从句 的从属连词有：1. lestShe explained again and again le

14、st people should misunderstand her.她一再解释 唯恐 人们误解。2. so thatSpeak clearlyso that we may understand you.讲话要清楚， 以便 我们能听明白。3. in order thatHe assigned us some books to read at home in order that (so that) wemight have a deeper understanding of the subject. 他指定几本书给我们回家看， 以便 我们对这一主题有一个较深的了解八)引导名词性从句的连词有三个

15、：(1)that ( 本身无意义 )，(2)whether(or not) ， (3)if 。例如：That they will refuse the offer is unlikely. 他们不 太可能会拒绝这个建议。I dont know whether (=if) these figures are accurate. 我不知道这些数字是否精确。需要注意的是： whether (or not) 可引导大部分名词性从 句； if 仅可引导宾语从句，而且不可跟 or not 。例如：Whether ( 工 if) they will come or not wont make muchdif

16、ference. 他们来不来关系不大。I wonder if (=whether) she has received our telegram.我不知道她是否收到了我们的电报。 先行词与关系词的关系 引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词根据其在定语从句 中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句 中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等 , 关系副词在定语从句中作 状语。含有定语从句的句子一般分为两层： 即主句层（第一层） , 定 语从句层（第二层） 。仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。For personal use only in study and research; not fo

17、r commercial use.Nur fur den pers?nlichen fur Studien, Forschung, zu kommerziellen Zwecken verwendet werden.Pour l etude et la recherche uniquementades fins personnelles; pasades fins commerciales.ToJI E Kogfljirogeifcc,TOpBicnob3 groimio麻yqeHuicic码egoBua Hudo员冶HBIucno员B30BaTbCEBKoMMepqeckux qeiix._以下无正文_仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use.Nur fur den per