非谓语动词错误例析

1、 非谓语动词错误例析英语中的非谓语动词是高考的语言重点，是历届高考试题中的必考内容，也是中学生在校学习英语的过程中深感棘手的难点。下面是学生经常出错的非谓语动词的一些例子。【例1】W It took her two hours finishing her homework. R It took her two hours to finish her homework.【例2】W It is no use to regret what has been done. R It is no use regretting what has been done.【分析】 不定式,动名词均可以用作句子的主

2、语.其区别不大,常可互换.但在某些句型中的主语用动名词(例2),某些句型中主语永不定式(例1)都属于习惯用法,一般不宜互换。【例3】W Most of the students enjoy to read novels. R Most of the students enjoy reading novels.【例4】W He always refuses doing what he is unwilling to. R He always refuses to do what he is unwilling to.【分析】不定式,动名词均可以作宾语。但并非每个及物动词后都可以接不定式或者都能解

3、动名词。要根据各个动词的搭配结构选定不定式活动名词。1. 某些动词后既可以接不定式又可以接动名词,其意义差别不大,可以互换。这类动词有: like love hate dislike begin start continue 等。例: She likes playing(to play ) chess in her spare time.Nobody can bear to be laughed (being laughed) at in public.2. 某些及物动词后只能接不定式作宾语,不能接动名词作宾语如(例4)。这类动词有:hope, offer, help, expect, lea

4、rn, demand, decide, refuse, ask, prepare, plan, choose, manage, pretend, fail, wish, agree等。例:She pretended _ me when I passed by. (MET 89.34)A. not to seeB. Not seeing C. To not see D. Having not seen (A) We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. (NMET95.19 )A. learn B. To learn C. Learn

5、ed D. Learning (B)3. 某些及物动词后只能跟动名词作宾语,不能跟不定式作宾语如(例3)。这类动词有:mind, suggest, avoid, excuse, finish, allow, admit, resist, miss, enjoy, consider, imagine, advise, permit, prevent, delay, appreciate, give up, put off, feel like, consist on, cant help等。I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. (MET92.18)A

6、.you to callB. you call C. your callingD. youre calling (C)People couldnt help _ the foolish emperor in the procession. (MET83.20)A. laugh atB. to laugh atC. laughing at D. laughing on (C)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. (MET87.38)A.catchingB. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch (C

7、)【例5】W Nobody was allowed smoking here. R Nobody was allowed to smoke here.【分析】某些动词如: allow permit forbid advise continue 等后面必须接动名词作宾语，但也可以接不定式的复合宾语。本句为被动语态，后面的非谓语动词为不足语。Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. (NMET93.34)Ato inventB. inventing C. to have invented D. having inve

8、nted (C)4.某些动词或词组后接动名词主动形式表被动意义。这类动词有：need want require be worth 等。- What do you think of the book? (MET89)- Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read (C)5.某些动词如：remember forget regret try 后接动名词，表示动名词的动作已经发生。接不定式表示动作未出现。She didnt remember _ him before

9、. (MET88.26)A. having met B. have met C. meet D. to having met (A)- The light in the office is still on. (MET91.35)- Oh, I forgot _.A.turning it offB. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off (C)- You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.(NMET95.26)- Well, now I regret _

10、 that.A. to do B. to be doing C. to have doneD. having done (D)【例6】W She left here without to tell anybody. R She left here without telling anybody.【例7】W I have no idea of what doing next. R I have no idea of what to do next.【分析】介词一般由动名词充当如例6。但某些介词如：of on about 后可接一个带疑问词的不定式短语作宾语。如例7.Last summer I t

11、ook a course on _ . (MET90.22)A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be madeC.how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made (A)How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? (NMET93.17)A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking (C)【例8】W There was an old man lived in the village. R There was a

12、n old man living in the village.【例9】W The bicycle having stolen last week hasnt been found. R The bicycle stolen last week hasnt been found.【例10】W The building completed next week will be used as a library.R The building to be completed next week will be used as a library.【分析】分词，不定式均可以作定语。现在分词作定语与被修

13、饰名词在逻辑上为主谓关系。如例8。Do you know the boy _ under the tree? (MET89.16 )A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying (D)There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.AfollowedB. following C. to be followed D. being followed (B)【分析】及物动词的过去分词作定语，与被修饰名词在逻辑上为动宾关系。如例9。Most of the artists_ to the party were from

14、South Africa.(MET90.28)A. invitedB. to invite C.being invited D. had been invited (A)【分析】不定式作定语，表将来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表被动、完成。如例10。The first test-books_ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(NMET94.34)A. having w非谓语动词错误例析2【例11】W Being seriously ill, he sent his mother to

15、hospital. R being seriously ill, his mother was sent to hospital.【例12】W Not knowing to the people here, he introduced himself first.R Not known to the people here, he introduced himself first.【分析】分词作状语，必须与句子的主语发生逻辑上的关系，一般情况下，现在分词作状语，句子主语必须是现在分词的发出者。如例11。过去分词作状语，句子主语必须是过去分词动作的承受者，如例12。_ more attentio

16、n the trees could have grown better.(MET90.33)A.GivenB.To giveC.GivingD.Having given(A)The secretary worked late into the night,_ a long speech for the president.(MET91.33)A.to prepareB.preparing C.preparedD.was preparing(B)【例13】W Doing his homework, he began to watch TV.R Having done his homework,

17、he began to watch TV.【分析】当分词动作先于谓语动词发生时，分词应用完成式。_ a reply,he decided to write again.(MET92.39)A.Not receivingB.Receiving notC.Not having receivedD.Having not received(C)【例14】W The train started off Tianjin at 8 oclock,reaching Beijing station 4 hours later.R The train started off Tianjin at 8 oclock

18、 and reached Beijing station 4 hours latter.【分析】现在分词表进行或常存状态，瞬间动词不宜用于现在分词的一般式作状语。She set out soon after dark_ home an hour later.(NMET94.18)A.arrivingB.to arriveC.having arrivedD.and arrived(D)【例15】W Not to know what to do, he came up to ask for help.R Not knowing what to do, he came up to ask for h

19、elp.【分析】不定式、分词均可作状语，但功用不同。不定式表目的，结果；分词表原因、方式、伴随情况等。The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks,_ that he had enjoyed his stay here.(NMET94.32)A.having addedB.to addC.addingD.added(C)【例16】W This problem is very difficult to deal.R This problem is very difficult to deal with.【分析】在“

20、主语beadj.不定式”的句型中，主语在逻辑上往往为不定式的宾语，因此当不定式为不及物动词时，常在不定式后加上适当的介词。The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.(MET88.29)A.sitB.sit onC.be satD.be sat on(B)这种情况同样适用于作定语的不定式。We had little to eat,onlu a cold room to live in.Children in new China have nothing to worry about.【例17】W Th

21、e boy was noticed take away your book.R The boy was noticed to take away your book.【分析】在主动语态中，使役动词和感官动词后接不定式作宾补时，要省去不定式符号to，但在被动结构中一定要添上to。John was made_ the track for a week as a punishment.(MET91.39)A.to washB.washingC.washD.to be washing(A)Paul doesnt have to be made_.He always works hard.(NMET95

22、.11)A.learnB.to learnC.learnedD.learning (B)【例18】W The thief was caught to steal a ladys wallet.R The thief was caught stealing a ladys wallet.【分析】不定式和现在分词可以作宾补。现在分词表示进行，不定式则表示动作的完结。The missing boys were seen_ near the river.(NMET94.25)A.playingB.to be playingC.playD.to play(A)【例19】W The girl was so lazy that she always had her clothes to be washed.R The girl was so lazy that she always had her clothes washed.【分析