定语从句关系代词的选用

1、定语从句考点总结一、 关系代词的用法(1) who, whom 的用法二者都用于指_，who 在定语从句中作_、_，whom 在定语从句中作_。1. He is the man _ lives next door.2. Some people _ are successful language learners often achieve great success in other fields.3. I happened to men the professor _ I got to know at a party in the shopping center yesterday.4. Y

2、esterday I came across the man about _ you talked last time.（2）whose 的用法 Whose 一般指_，但有时也指_，在定语从句中作_。指物时，“whose + 名词”可用“限定词+名词+ _”或“of which+限定词+名词”来代替。1. Do you know the girl _ Japanese is excellent?2. They helped the man _ car had broken down.3. Please pass me the book _ cover is green.= please pas

3、s me the book _ _ _ _ is green.（3）which 的用法一般指_，在定语从句中作_、_。1. The train _ has just left is for Shenzhen.2. The train _ runs though the centre of the city brings us lots of pleasures.3. This is the book _ you are looking for.(4) that 的用法That 既可指_也可指_，指人时可以与_、_ 互换，指物时可以与_互换。在定语从句中可以做_、_、_。 作宾语时可以_，作介词

4、宾语时，介词_可提到that之前，若介词提前则需用_或_代替。1. He is no longer the person _ I met five years ago.2. Views _ are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept.3. The package _ you are carrying is about to unwrapped. （翻译）（5）as 的用法As 引导定语从句主要适用于两种情况： 用于先行词前有_、_、_、_修饰的_性定语从句1. You can take as many books as you

5、need. (先行词前有_修饰，第二个_是_，在定语从句中作_的_)2. I havent so much money _ you want.3. Jeffrey is not such an intelligent person _ you think.4. Such people _ have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.特别提示： such.that引导的结果状语从句，that 在从句中不作任何成分，口语中可以省略。They had such a fierce dog that no

6、one dared to go near their house.the same that 也常在定语从句中出现，但它表示“同一个，就是那一个得意思”，而the same as 表示“与一样（但不是同一个）”翻译一下两个句子：This is the same book that I lost yesterday.This is the same book as I lost yesterday. as 用于先行词是整个主句的非限制性定语从句as 可引导先行词是整个主句的非限制性定语从句，在句中作_、_。它引导的从句可以位于主句_，也可位于主句_，还可以位于主句_。1. He is a gre

7、at hero， _ is described in the report. (as 作_，位于主句_)2. She is a famous film star, _ we all know. (as 作_，位于主句_)3. she, _ we all know, can speak three foreign languages. (as 作_，位于主句_)二、关系副词的用法关系副词主要有_、_、_，在定语从句中作_。关系副词在定语从句中一般_省略。(1) when 的用法When 指_，在定语从句中作_。它的先行词通常为time, day, morning, week, year 等表示_

8、的名词。有时when 也和部分介词一起引导定语从句。1. I still remember the first time _ I first traveled by plane.2. Do you know the date _ Lincoln was born.3. She went to Japan two years ago, since _ I havent heard from her.(2) where 的用法Where 指_，在定语从句中作_。它的先行词通常为place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country 等表示_的名词

9、。Where 引导的定语从句还可以放在_后。1. This is the mountain village _ where I stayed last year.2. Keep the books in a place _ you can find them easily.3. He did all his research in the room where he lived.4. The little boy hid himself behind the door, from _ he could see his mother enter the room.(3) why的用法Why 指_

10、或_，在定语从句中作_。它的先行词只有_。1. Is this the reason_ she refused our offer .2. I have come around to explain the reason why I was absent from the meeting.3. I dont want to listen to any reason _ you were absent.三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的_程度，我们将定语从句分为_定语从句和_定语从句。1、限制性定语从句限制性定语从句用来修饰和限定_，与先行词的关系非常_，_逗号和

11、主句隔开。它所修饰的先行词代表一个（些）或一类特定的人或物，说明先行词的性质、身份等状况，如果去掉，则意义含糊不清。A doctor is a person who cures patients.This is the house which I bought last year.The person (who/whom) you are looking for is downstairs.This is the letter (which/that) he is looking for.2、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句，顾名思义就是对_没有特别限定的从句，常由 who, whom, wh

12、ich, whose, as, when, where 等关系词引导。（1）非限制性定语从句的特点非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不像限制性定语从句那样紧密，只是对先行词作些附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚完整。它与主句的通常用_隔开。翻译时常不译作定语，而是译成与主句_的句子。翻译下列句子:1. He lives in Beijing, which is about five hours ride from here.2. My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.3. This novel, which I h

13、ave read three times, is very touching.4. This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.（2）、运用非限制性定语从句的情况 当关系代词指代整个主句的内容时，用非限制性定语从句。1. The boy was away from home for a week, _ worried his parents very much.（翻译）2. The fire lasted for a whole night, which caused a great damage.（翻译）3. The book i

14、s very interesting, as most readers say. (翻译) 当先行词是指世界上独一无二的事物或专用名词时，用非限制性定语从句。1. Charles Smith, _ was my famous teacher, left last year.2. Jinan, _ is a nice city, attracts many visitors every year.3. The sun, _ gives off a great deal of heat, is a great source of energy.先行词指的是某人只有一个亲属（son, daughte

15、r, father, mother, wife等，用非限制性定语从句）。1.I have an elder brother, _works in Beijing.翻译：试与下面的限制性定语从句进行比较：I have an elder brother _ works in Beijing.翻译：2. Her daughter, _ is now studying in Beijing, graduated from our school. 3. My father, _ is a teacher, is very strict with us. 当出现“some/ many/a few/litt

16、le/much/most/half/+of + which/whom”等结构时，常用非限制性定语从句。1. I earn only 1,000 dollars a month, half of which is spent on my car.2. Theres too much information on the internet, some of which is unreliable.3. Ive invited more than one hundred friends to the party, most of whom are from abroad.（3）As 与which 引

17、导非限制性定语从句的区别关系代as 与which 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词为_，指代上下文或下文所说的一件事，但as 与which 具有不同的词义、句法和用法。（1）as 引导的从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论。此时的as 仍有“正如，像，由而知”的语义。常作实义动词（如：see, know, hear, watch, remember, say, tell, show, expect, guess 等）的宾语，这类动词与as几乎成了一种固定搭配。As引导的非限制性定语从句可以置于主句_，_或_。翻译下列句子：1. As is often the case, little boys

18、 tend to be very active and out of control.2. Einstein, as we know, is a famous scientist,3. Taiwan is an inseparable part of china, as is known to all.4. There was a net bar around here, as I remember.（2）which引导的此类从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。Which此时指前面的主句所提到的这件事，常译为“这一点，这件事” 等。Which 在句法上一般用作实义动词的主

19、语或宾语，这时它所引导的从句与主句常含有并列、因果关系。主句与从句通常要用逗号隔开，且从句只能位于主句之_。1. She stole her friends money, which (= and that) was disgraceful.2. He tears up my photo, which (= and that) upsets me.（3）在从句中作定语或介词宾语时，要用which1. He was educated at the local school, after _ which he went on to Cambridge.2.Lily might possibly c

20、ome, in _ case Ill ask her.（4）不能省去非限制性定语从句中的be 动词时，用which,反之则用as.1. Jane told me she won the match, _ was a lie. (was 不可省略) 2As ( was ) planned, we met at the airport.（5）当从句的谓语动词时否定形式或从句的谓语动词带的是一个复合宾语结构时，一般用which而不用as.1. He pretended not to know me, which I didnt understand.2. He admires everyone in the class, which I find quite strange.四、“介词+关系代词”的结构“介词+which” 可以替代when, where, why 等，“介词+whom/whose”在定语从句中没有与之对应的替代词。（1）替代whenI will never forget the days when (_ _)we studied together.The year when (_ _) the earthquake happened was 1976.（2）替代whereThis is the town where (_ _) Shakespeare was born