必修5unit1过去分词作定语和表语

1、GrammarThe Past Participle used as Attribute and Predicative 过去分词具有动词的性质，同时兼过去分词具有动词的性质，同时兼有形容词或副词的性质，在句中可以作有形容词或副词的性质，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。表语、定语、状语和补足语。定语定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分。在句中修饰名词或代词的成分。表语表语是谓语的一部分，位于系动词是谓语的一部分，位于系动词之后，说明主语身份、特征或状态。之后，说明主语身份、特征或状态。Practice1. a retired teacher 一位退休的教师一位退休的教师2. an honore

2、d guest 一位受尊敬的客人一位受尊敬的客人 3. The library is now closed. 图书馆现在关门了。图书馆现在关门了。4. You seem frightened. 你看样子受了惊吓。你看样子受了惊吓。 (attribute)(attribute)(predicative)(predicative)一、一、作定语修饰名词或代词作定语修饰名词或代词 1 1、单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面. .1.The encouraged people

3、are excited.2. The broken cup is thrown away.3. I want to write stories about people addicted to drugs.4. We are studying in a school built 70 years ago. 2 2、过去分词修饰、过去分词修饰 something, something, everything, anything, nothing, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobodysomebody, nobody等不定代词或指示代词等不

4、定代词或指示代词thosethose时，要放在这些词的后面。时，要放在这些词的后面。He is one of those invited. Nothing reported (in the newspaper) interested him. 3 3、 有些过去分词作前置定语和有些过去分词作前置定语和后置定语时意义不同。后置定语时意义不同。in the given timewith the words givena concerned lookthe people concerneda wanted personworkers wanted在既定的时间内在既定的时间内用所给的单词用所给的单词关

5、切的神情关切的神情有关人士有关人士被通缉的人被通缉的人招聘工人招聘工人二、作表语二、作表语 1 1、表示主语的、表示主语的心理感觉心理感觉或所处的或所处的状态状态。许多动词的。许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lostpleased, surprised, lost等。等。The window is broken. 窗户碎了。窗户碎了。Dont get so

6、 excited. 别这么激动。别这么激动。（）作表语的（）作表语的过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要表过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。（）被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句（）被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句子主语为动作的承受者，后常跟子主语为动作的承受者，后常跟by短语。短语。 2、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别： The glass is broken. Our classroom is crowded The glass was broken by Jack. The wi

7、ndows were closed by Tom last night.（3）作表语的过去分词前可以有修饰）作表语的过去分词前可以有修饰语，而被动语态的过去分词前不能加修语，而被动语态的过去分词前不能加修饰语。饰语。 The glass was broken by Tom. Your composition is well written.现在分词与过去分词区别现在分词与过去分词区别1.语态上语态上现在分词现在分词: 表示主动的动作表示主动的动作过去分词过去分词: 表示已经被动的动作表示已经被动的动作2.时间上时间上现在分词现在分词: 表示正在进行的动作表示正在进行的动作过去分词过去分词: 表

8、示完成的意思表示完成的意思I heard someone opening the door .I heard the door opened . the falling leaves the fallen leaves boiling water boiled water the rising sun the risen sun 3. 现在分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子现在分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的主语的特征、特性特征、特性。 过去分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子过去分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的主语的心理感受或状态心理感受或状态。 a moving film a moved audie

9、nce The news is exciting. We were excited to hear it.Practice 1. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying2. With a lot of different problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling

10、 C. to settle D. being settled3. Dont use words, expressions or phrase _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 4. When I got back, I saw a message to the door “Sorry to miss you; I will call later.” A. pin, read B. pinning, reading C. pin

11、ned, reading D. pinned, read5、A boy Jack won the game. A boy himself Jack won the game. A. calling B. calledA6、Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa. A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invitedA7、The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out

12、in the 16th century. A.having written B.to be written C. being written D.writtenDB8、 Who is the man to your father just now? Who is the man to just now? A.speaking B. spoken 9、The building last year is seventy meters high. The building now is seventy meters high. The building next month is seventy m

13、eters high. A. built B. to be built C. being builtABABC10、An agreement tomorrow will do good to every one of us. A. to be signed B. being signed C. signed11、The plan for the trip by our teacher next week is very important. A. made B. to be made C. being made 12、 The Olympic games , in 776 BC, didnt

14、include women players until 1912. A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playingABC13、Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.(NMET98) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay14、As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. (NEMT 2001) A. separated B. spared

15、 C. lost D. missed15、The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the ship was making a landing. (2004 上海上海) A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating CAC修饰修饰look, smile, voice, facelook, smile, voice, face等能表示人的感受的过去分词等能表示人的感受的过去分词. .(1)From his _ look on his face, the price of meat must have risen. A. disappointed B. disappointing(2) He hung up the phone with a _ smile on his face. A. satisfied B.