代词是高考的重点

1、考点 1、代词是高考的重点，代词种类繁多，用法各异，学生易错。现将试题对代词的常见考查内容归纳如下：人称代词中主要考查内容为形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词以及人称代词的宾格形式。反身代词和介词以及反身代词构成的固定词组。指示代词that的用法和代词that与连词that的用法区别，this与that作为代词的用法区别。连接代词that、which和what间的区别。代词it和one之间的用法区别。不定代词间的区别，它是高考考查的重点。考查内容为：a不定代词的指代内容；b不定代词指代内容的数或量的概念，即指代内容是可数名词还是不可数名词，是可数名词时，名词所包含的数的最低限度是多少；c不定代词

2、的肯定和否定意义及其肯、否定句的意义；d不定代词的词性变化及其句法功能。2、解答强调句型试题的难点是如何正确地判断出所测试的句型是强调句型，即所有的强调句型剔除其结构后可还原成完整的句子。强调句型的结构为：It is (was)that3、介词又叫前置词，是虚词，不单独作成分，可接宾语，必须和名词、代词、动名词、短语或从句一起构成介词短语，在句中充当一定的成分。介词分简单介词，如：in，on，at等，合成介词，如：without，inside等，短语介词，如：instead of，in spite of等。介词短语可作定语、状语和表语。注意区分一些相关介词之间的差异。预测 1、掌握不定代词ei

3、ther，neither，both，any，none和al1的用法；other，another的用法；it，one，that，those，ones的用法。2、用强调句时应注意：强调句“It is(was)that”结构中be动词的特点；强调的主语是“人”时，可以用who，其他情况一律用that；注意强调句型“It”和指时间“it”的区别；注意强调句型和主语从句、定语从句的区别；强调句型的一般疑问式和特殊疑问式。3、注意语境中介词的正确选择；在短文改错中设置用错介词、用漏介词、多用介词的错误，或出现介词后面用动词原形的错误，让考生辨别并改正；常用介词的意义区别；介词+名词构成成语的意思；介词wi

4、th的复合结构。代词复习要点1. 代词：代替名词，避免重复， 起名词作用。在句中作主语, 宾语, 定语, 表语。请填充代词分类表： 代词名称 词形及其意义 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们 人 称 主 格代 词 宾 格 物 主 形容性代 词 名词性 反身代词相互代词 互相 1) ( ); 2) ( ) 指示代词 这 ( ) 这些 ( ) 那 ( ) 那些 ( ) 疑问代词 谁 ( ) ( ) 谁的 ( ) 哪一个 ( ) 什么 ( ) 特殊疑问句关系代词 who whom whose that which as 引导定语从句连接代词 who whom whose what which 和w

5、h-ever 引导宾语从句不定代词 some, any, nothing, something, anything, everything, other, another, both, either, neither, each, anyoneeveryone, all, every one, none, nobody, others, some others, every other; one, ones, the one, the ones2. 用法 A: 人称代词：有主格和宾格之分 “主语用主格，宾语用宾格，属于谁所有，就用所有格”。 物主代词：形容词性物主代词 + 名词 = 名词性物主

6、代词，名词性物主代词起名词作用。B: 并列人称代词的排列顺序： 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为： 231(二人称，三人称，一人称)在下列情况，第一人称放在前面。a. 在承认错误，承担责任时： It was I and John that made her angry. b. 在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时 如：I and you try to finish it. c. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。 I and tom who is from Canada will organize an English salon. C: 反身代词词组 by oneself (独自地), of

7、 oneself (自动地), for oneself (为自己), in oneself (本能地), between ourselves (私人说的话), dress oneself (穿衣), seat oneself (坐下), help oneself to, come to oneself (苏醒), talk to oneself (自言自语), say to oneself (心里想), enjoy oneself = have a good time, hide oneself. D: 不定代词的用法：1) one day, some day, any day one day

8、 过去 / 将来“某一天”，即时间不确定，而数量确定的“某一天”。 One day last week she met a friend of hers in the street. We have failed for the time being but one day we shall win. some day 仅指将来“有朝一日”、“迟早” Ill tell you of the event some day. We must get together some day. any day 将来任意时候，“随便哪（某）一天”、“无论哪一天” Come any day you like.

9、 Any day will do.2) every , no, all, any, none, both, neither, nor.除every 和no外其它不定代词既可起名词作用，也可起形容词作用。而every和no只作定语。I have no idea about it. Every student has come. Every boy and girl has to go to the teachers.a. all (所有的，全部的人或物)，any (任何一个)， none (都不)。 以上各词使用范围为三者以上（3）。All the flowers are gone. I don

10、t like any of the flowers.I like none of the flowers. 注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词或不可数名词，谓语用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。 All of the students are there. All (of) the milk is there. all 通常不与可数名词单数连用，不说 all the book，但 the whole book。 但all与时间可数名词单数连用，all day，all night，all the year； 不说 all hour，all century。其它词组 all China，

11、all the city，all my life， all the way b. both (两者都 = 2)，either (两者中任何一个 = 1/2 )， neither (两者都不 1/2)。以上各词使用范围均为两人或两物。both与复数名词连用，而either, neither须与单数可数名词连用Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。Both sides of the street are lined with tall trees = Either side of the street is lined with tall trees

12、Both the boys are clever. Either of the two boys is clever.但neither nor, eitheror 作并列连词，可与复数名词连用，谓语就近原则。Neither the pupils nor I am free. Are neither the pupils nor I free?Neither可用于下列句型，避免重复。She cant sing，neither (nor) can he. 如前句是否定式从句，则主句用neither，而不用 nor。 If you dont do it，neither should I.如后连续有几

13、个否定句式，则用nor，不用neither。 He cant sing，nor dance，nor skate. 3) some, any, it, that, one, ones a. some “一些”，可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。当“某一”解时，也可与单数名词连用。（= a certain）You will be sorry for this some day. A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule. 注意： some用于其他句式中： a.肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时。 Would

14、you like句式中，表委婉请求或建议，如：Would you like some coffee? b.在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时， If you need some help，let me know. c.some位于主语部分, Some students havent been there before.d.部分否定时，some可用于否定句。 I havent heard from some of my old friends these years.b. any “任何”， 多用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。当句中含有任何的意思时，any也可用于肯定句。Here are th

15、ree novels. You may read any.这有三本小说，你可任读一本。4) one, that, it a. 含义不同 one表泛指，that和it 表特指。that与所指名词为同类不同个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不确定) The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同类但不同个) I cant find my hat. I don t know where I put it.( 同一物)b. 修饰语不同， one 可有the, th

16、is, that, which, each等特制限定语修饰 Which one do you like best?one 可有形容词作前置定语，也可有后置定语；但that只有后置定语。This book is the new one that is needed by him. The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world / any country in Europe.c. ones 为one的复数形式。必须和形容词连用。如果替代名词无形容词在前，则要用some、any代替名词。Ha

17、ve you bought any rulers?Yes, Ive bought a short one / some / I havent bought any. 5) one, another, the other one the other只有两个1 / 2 some the others 三个以上的特指one another，another 1 / x some others，others 三个以上的泛指others = other people/things 泛指 the others = the rest剩余的全部 特指，文中有特定范围。He has two sisters. On

18、e works as a worker, the other serves in the army.Some are playing football and others (= other boys, some others, some other boys) are watching.He is a fool, and his wife is another. Ill finish the task in another ten minutes / ten more minutes (另外的)6) “the”的妙用 He is one of the students who help me

19、. 定语从句与the students一致。 He is the one of the students who helps me. 定语从句与the one 一致。7) anyone-any one；no one-none；every-each a. anyone仅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。b. none of短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one单独使用，只指人。回答 how many 用 none, 回答who 用 no one。none 作主语，谓语动词用单、复数均可，而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数动词。None of you could lift it. - D

20、id any one call me up just now?- No one.c. every 强调全体的概念， each强调个体概念。 Every student in our school works hard.全体学生。 Each student may have one book. 每个学生都可有一本书。every 指三以上的人或物 (含三个3)，each两个以上的人或物 (含两个2)。every 只作形容词；each可作代词或形容词。 Every student has to take one (暗指范围3)Each boy has to take one.Each of the

21、boys has to take one. (暗指范围2) every不可以作状语，each可作状语。every 有反复重复的意思，如 every two weeks / every second week / every other week 等； each没有。every 与not 连用，表示部分否定； each 和not连用表示全部否定。 Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。Each man is not honest.这儿每个人都不诚实。 8) few, little, a few, a little (a) few + 可数名词, (a) little

22、 + 不可数名词a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点 few / little为否定含义，没有多少了。 肯定含义 否定含义He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。 修饰可数名词 a few fewHe has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。 修饰不可数名词 a little littleWe still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。 There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。 quite a few 很多 not a little 很、非常 in the past few years

23、肯定含义 only a few 几个 only a little 一点儿 every few years 肯定含义 The few gifts her has received on his birthday cant please him.数词复习要点1、基数词和序数词构成和用法见下表。用序数词表示顺序，也可用基数词，但要注意顺序、冠词和大小写 the second part-Part Two the tenth lesson-Lesson Ten the First World War-World War I the third grade-Grade Three the twentiet

24、h century on 10th street on 7th floor表基数词的构成范 围特 点实 例1无规律one, two, three, four, five, six, seven， eight, nine, ten， eleven, twelve13以teen为结尾thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen20以ty结尾twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety2199十位与个位之间要加连字符twenty-fiv

25、e sixty-one ninety-nine101999百位与十位之间通常要用andthree hundred and twenty-five(美语中常将and省略)千以上10002000间常讲若干百，如：1200-twelve hundred.6275 six thousand two hundred and seventy-five表序数词表示法范 围特 点实 例119各基数词尾加th其中七个例外：first, second， third, fifth, eighth， ninth， twelfth，其余，如： four-fourth20，3090各十位数字位y变ie后加thtwenti

26、ethninetieth21以后多位数将最后一个数用序数词其余用基数词21st-twenty-first110th-one hundred and tenth2、年代读成两段 19-98 8-56 月,日 July 1st 读July the first June 3,1907读June the third, nineteen seven 钟点加 oclock (可省略) 分钟30用to，60-x+to+(钟点+1)，也可以直接读 9:24 8:523、分数 基数词 / 序数词(分子1，分母用复数) 1/5 5/7 3/4 1/4 3/4 in/ out of One person in /o

27、ut of five is from the south Two persons in /out of five are from the south. a third, a half, a quarter, three quarters, a fourth比 one third, one half, one quarter, three thirds, one-fourth更常用。小数点用 point 0.5 2.56 3.598 1056.3467 百分数用 percent 或 per cent 10% 25% 1% 100% 78.8% 分数、百分数和名词一起作主语，名词是可数谓语用复数

28、，名词不可数谓语用单数。 A third of the students are diligent. Seventy percent of the surface of the earth is covered with water. An apple and a half / one apple and a half / one and a half apples are on the desk. One and a half hours is not enough. 时间、距离、金钱做主语一般用单数。4、表达倍数或变化程度常用half, twice (double), x times. h

29、alf of the oranges half a mile half the book three times 句型1) times as big/ high/ long/ wide/ heavy, etc. + as I have four times as many records as you.2) times the size/ height/ length/ width/ weight/ amount, etc. + of Your walkman is three times the price of mine3) times bigger/ higher/ longer/ wi

30、der/ heavier, etc. + than The room is three times larger than ours.4) by times The production of cars has been increased by three times this year.5) 动词 + by + 分数（百分数）或数字（增量或减量） The cost increased by 20 percent.to + 总量（增减） The population goes up to 1.3 billion. 表增长的动词：speed up, step up, raise, rise,

31、go up, grow, increase 表减少的动词： speed down, step down, reduce, go down5、数词作状语 The river measures 50 metres wide. I weigh nearly fifty kilos.6. 表示度量的名词： size, length, width, height. weight, amount, price, cost, speed, depth. 与数词连用，不与相应的形容词连用。 It is five meters long / in length. 表3常用数目表示法倍 数两倍用 twice,表示

32、三倍或以上用timesThis room is twice as large as that one.分 数分子用基数词，分母用序数词，若分子大于一，分母用复数1/3读作 one third2/5 读作 two fifths小 数整数部分按基数词读，小数部分依次读出3.14读作 three point one four0.62读作 zero point six two百 分 数%读作 per cent5%读作 five per cent数学计算加plusThree plus two is five.减minusFive minus two is three.乘timesTwo times th

33、ree is six.除divided byTen divided by five is two.幂、根power; root4 the second power of 4 the square root of 3编 号基数词置于名词后表示编号Room 101 读作 Room one 0 one年、月、日年用基数词表示，日用序数词或基数词表示1990年5月4日读作May fourth (或 the fourth 或 four) nineteen ninety时 刻 six oclock; 605 five past six; 615 a quarter past six; 630 half p

34、ast six; 645 a quarter to seven; 655 five to seven; 或直接按序数词将时、分读出，如 six forty币 值基数词单位six dollars; ten yuan量度指人身高数字单位one point six metres体重数字单位sixty kilos年龄基数词（years old）ninetythree (years old)指物高度数字单位The mountain is twenty hundred feet high.深度The seas average depth is 3700 metres.面积We need a hundred

35、 square metres.温度Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade.介词复习要点一、表时间的介词： at 1指大于或短于一天的时段in a week, in summer, in 1991, in the twentieth.2） in 只是一般地指某段时间，动词表示一种状态或习惯性动作，通常during，否则用in。 during 更强调时间的延续。 1980 19901.They suffered hardships during the war. before after2. Her husband was killed in the war .

36、 fromto3.They visited many factories during their stay in Shanghai. till, until(during 与visit, stay, need等事态延续一定时间的名词的搭配) betweenafter 所指时间纯属过去或将来，并不延续到说话时间 during3） since 从过去到说话时，常与现在完成时或过去完成时连用 for ten years in 指在一时间内或后 before1. She hasnt been here since 1950 by2. We came here in 1950 since 3. Aft

37、er his marriage I heard nothing about him in the 1980s4. I shall come back in two days 5.Since his marriage I havent heard anything about him 二、表示地点的介词 in a、范围内 b、大地方 e.g Liaoning province lies in the northwest of China.at 小地方 如门口、学校、角落 We arrived at the station at 8 yesterday. to 范围外 和某些表动作的名词连用 Ja

38、pan lies to the east of China. on 毗邻 在上 Zhuzhou lies on the Xiangjiang River. round_ e.g. There is a path through the fields. across _ He lined across the street from Lao Wu. onto up from, off _ He saw a big stone bridge over the river. to, toward through _ The army swam across the river safely. int

39、o out ofover Where did yon come across the new word through We quickly saw through his trick. He was ill all through November. down He is over fifty. Pastinto in out of out of through o o 三、表示进行意义的介词。在英语中表示动作过程的介词与一些名词（尤其是动作名词）搭配，可表示正进行意义。The kettle was on the boil when I cane into the kitchen. The

40、machine bought yesterday is under repair. The roses are in full bloom now. The soldiers are on watch now. The telephone call came while they were at table.常表进行的四个介词1. on (the )+动词转化而成的名词 on the boil/increase、decrease、run、wing、fly、marchon fire / show 、duty、parade、leave、watch、vacation、strike、holiday、t

41、our、 business、 sale、 exhibition2. under +及物动词转化而成的词（多表被动意义） under (consideration, observation, repair, test, use, development construction)3. in+名词(of) in bloom (play 运转, process of, course of ) conversation, motion (运动), tears(流泪) office(任职) 4. at+物质名词，个体名词，动作名词，餐名 at grass /flood上涨, at press 排印, a

42、t work/ war at breakfast / lunch/ meal/ dinner/ table/ school等 at play(在游戏)/ lesson(在做功课)/ sea(在航行) 四、 1. doing Last night he was so tired that he fell asleep with lamp burning. done She felt upset with so many eyes fixed on her. to do Im sure to succeed with you to help me.with + o. + o.c. 介词短语 The

43、re are rows of houses with trees in front of them. (with复合结构) with a book in his hand- with book in hand adverb Tom sat there with his head down. adjective Crusoe stared at the foot print with his mouth open. noun She died with an only daughter yet a schoolgirl. with 用什么工具，指具体的物 He often writes with

44、 a pen2.“用” by 表方法、手段、途径比较抽象 He made a living by selling newspapers. by bus/ train/ the kilo/ the metrein 用语言和材料 We write in Chinese. Dont write in ink. 3.“随着” with prep. 不接句子 A man grows wiser with age. With the development of technology, as conj. 接句子 As time went on, Einsteins theory proved to be

45、true.五、介词省略1、one, any, each, every, some, all, this, that和表时间的词连用。One Saturday my mother, my sister and I were sitting together. They meet every Sunday. Some day we will succeed. 2、在表时间的词前 tomorrow, yesterday, the day before, the day after tomorrow, etc. Shes got to get up early tomorrow morning. 3、

46、以现在为起点谈论时间，last 和 next前不用 Theyre meeting next Wednesday. She stayed with them last Tuesday.六、易错常考的介词及其搭配 be made of 用制成（物理变化） The house is made up of wood. A be made up of B 由组成/ 构成 Our grade is made up of eight classes. Be made from 用制成（化学变化） Wine is made from grapes.1. B make into A 使变成 The huts c

47、an be made into temporary houses.be made in （某地）生产 The bicycles are made in Tianjin. make of 对作如何解法 What do you make of this strange letter.你对这封怪信有何想法。 培养成 He wants to make a doctor of his son.visit call at sp. = drop in at Ill call at Johns later. call on sb. = drop in on Ill call on him this after

48、noon.2. call for sb.= go and pick sb. up Ill call for you at four. call for sth. = need to call for bid招标 The occasion calls for a cool head. call on to do 要求、号召 The teacher called on me to speak at the meeting.3. have (some/ much/ no) trouble/ difficulty (in) doing sth./ with sth. I had great difficulty in solving the problem. have a habit/ idea/ plan /way of doing sth. She has