动词不定式的用法及练习

1、动词不定式的用法动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。一、作主语动词不定式作主语可位于句首。例如:To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.也可使用it作形式主语,而将其置于句末。例如:It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language.动词不定式作主语的常用句型有:1. It is+adj./ n. (+for sb./sth. +to do sth.用于此句型的形容词有:easy, hard, difficult, po

2、ssible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。例如:It is interesting to play this game.It is necessary for you to change your job.It was impossible for them to complete the task in such a short time.考例1:Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (88 META

3、. nowB. manC. thatD. it用于此句型的名词有:pity, shame, pleasure, ones duty, ones job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。例如:What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film.It is good manners for the young to give their seats to the old.2. It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词,如:

4、 kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。例如:How rude it was of the boy to jump the queue!It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house.How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance!3. It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时

5、间”。例如:It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike.二、作表语动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构:My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is及The next step/ measure is 等。例如:Y our job is to type the papers in the office.The next measure is to stop the river from being polluted.三、作宾语常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:agree, choose, decide, hope, fail,

6、 wish, refuse, expect, manage, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand, arrange等。例如: They decided to build a highway between these two cities.She offered to help me when I was in trouble.believe, think, consider, feel, make等动词可用于“动词+ it +adj. / n+to do sth.”句型,其中使用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语动词不定式置

7、于句末。例如:I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work.She felt it her duty to help the old woman.四、作宾补可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有:advise, allow, ask, hear, order, see, tell, want, wish, watch等。例如:The doctor advised her no to eat too much sugar.I wish you to go to the meeting with me.believe

8、, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, prove, realize, suppose, think等动词后可接to be型不定式作宾补。例如:He declared himself to be a college student. 他自称是名大学生。The police proved him to be a thief. 警察局证实他是小偷。hope, demand, suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。例如:【误】I hope my son to be back soon

9、.【正】I hope my son will be back soon.【误】She suggests us to have a discussion about it.【正】She advises us to have a discussion about it.【正】She suggests that we (should have a discussion about it.在主动结构中,下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to:“五看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at“三使”(make, let, have“两听”(hear, listen to

10、“一感觉”(feel。例如: Who made him work all night long?但是,改为被动结构后,应补出省略的to。例如:He was seen to break the window.五、作定语动词不定式作定语,应位于所修饰词语之后,即:作后置定语。例如:Have you got anything to eat? (to eat修饰anything,位于其后下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语:ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, failure, promise, way, wish等。例如:But she

11、gave up the chance to go abroad.由only, first, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后,也常接不定式作定语。例如:Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night?六、作状语动词不定式作状语,可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例如:We went there to see our grandparents.(目的I am very sorry to hear that.(原因She hurried home only to find her father dead.(结果To

12、look at the picture, you would like it.(条件作目的状语,还可以使用in order to或so as to。例如:The boy worked so hard in order to make up for the lost time.结果状语还可以使用enough to, tooto, soas to, such as to等结构。例如:He got up too late to miss the early bus.She was in such a hurry as not to notice me. 她如此匆忙,以致没有注意到我。1.Would

13、you please tell me next?A.how to doB.what to doC.what do I doD.how I should do2.The girl wasnt to lift that bookcase.A.too strongB.enough strongC.strong enoughD.so strong3.For a time his grandmother found accept his new idea.A.hardB.it hardC.it hard toD.it is hard to4.As she has never been there bef

14、ore, Ill have someoneher the way. A.show B.to show C.showing D.showed5.You drive slowly. The roads are wet.A.had ratherB.would ratherC.had betterD.would better6.Nothing can make the brave soldier his country.A.turn againstB.to turn againstC.to turn toD.turn to7.In the old days it was difficult for t

15、he poor a job.A.findB.to findC.lookD.to look for8.When learning a foreign language, try our best thespirit of it.A.masterB.holdC.take hold ofD.to master9.It was foolish his car unlocked.A.for him to leaveB.of him to leaveC.for him leaveD.him to leave10.Remember the newspaper when you have finished i

16、t.A.putting backB.put backC.to put backD.will put back11.Napoleon spoke so loudly as to in front of his soldiers.A.hearB.be heardC.listenD.be listened to12.Television and radio to know what is going on allover the world.A.made it possible of usC.have made it possible for usD.have made it be possible

17、 for us13.I have enjoyed my visit here. Ill be verysorry .A.for leavingB.to leaveC.if leavingD.to have left14.I dont see how I could possible manage the workwithout .A.to finish; helpingB.to finish;being helpedC.finishing;helpingD.finishing;being helped15.We all think it most foolish this mistake.A.

18、for you makingB.of you to makeC.you to makeD.for you to make16.Because of air pollution being greatly reduced,this city isstill .A.a good place which to be lived inB.a good place to liveC.a good place to live inD.a good place to live for17.You were lost on your way to the lake, werent you?Yes, we we

19、re and had to stop the way.A.askingB.to askC.askedD.to be asked18.She felt it a great shame so severely in thepresence of her boy friend.A.to criticizeB.to have criticizedC.to be criticizedD.to have been criticized19.The advertisements are trying people to buy thingsthey dont really need.A.persuadeB

20、.persuadingC.be persuadingD.to persuade20.If you were much younger, I would arrange as thegeneral manager, for all your colleagues speak highly of your work.A.for you to workB.of you to workC.for you workD.you work21.On our way back home, we lunch because we felt hungry.A.stopped to haveB.stop to ha

21、veC.stopped havingD.stoped to have22.I did nothing but my lessons last Sunday.A.go overB.to go overC.went overD.go on23.Id prefer home rather than a walk.A.to stay; to takeB.stay; to takeC.to stay; takeD.stay; take24.He was so follish his car unlocked.A.to leaveB.that leaveC.as to leaveD.for him to leave25.Your flat needs . Do you want me it for you?A.to clean; to doB.cleaning; doingC.cleaning; to doD.to be cle