定语从句讲解

1、英语基础语法定语从句关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词：when, where, why1. 关系代词的省略问题关系代词在定语从句中作主语，不可以省略；作宾语则可以省略。This is the man who helped me yesterday. (作主语，不可省略)This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year. (作visited的宾语，可以省略)Here is the coat which/that will be made to you. 这是一件做给你的衣服。（作主语）2

2、. whose + N = the + N + of whom/ which = of whom/ which + the + N I met a boy , whose father was an astronaut. = I met a boy , the father of whom was an astronaut. The book whose cover is very beautiful is mine.= The book of which the cover is very beautiful is mine. 3. 关系副词的一般用法关系副词有when, where, wh

3、y，在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因。when的先行词通常是time, day, season, age, occasion等时间名词；where的先行词通常是place, city, village, house, case, situation, scenes, point等地点或情形名词；why的先行词只能是reason。关系副词when和where有时可用“介词which”代替，why可用for which代替。如： There are occasions when (=on which) you have to tell lies. Beijing is the plac

4、e where (=in which) I was born. Is this the reason why (=for which) he refused our offer?注意：先行词虽然是时间或地点，但若在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代词。(1)The factory where his father worked has closed. (作状语)比较：The factory which/that was built in 1978 has closed. (作主语)(2) Ill never forget the days when we lived together. (作

5、状语)比较：Ill never forget the days (that) we spent in Australia. (作及物动词spent的宾语)(3) The reason (why) she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. (作状语，用关系副词)比较：The reason (that) he gave for his absence was obviously made up.(作gave的宾语)4. as 在定语从句中的用法(1) 在限制性定语从句中，用在下列句式：（as在从句中作主，宾，表）so as such as the s

6、ame that / as (用as 和that含义不同) She is so nice a girl as we all like. (定从)比较：he is so nice a girl as we all like her.（结果状从）It is such an interesting book as we all want to read. (定从)比较：It is such an interesting book as we all want to read it. （结果状从）This is the same pan as I lost. (定从；这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。)比较

7、：This is the same pan that I lost.（定从；这本书就是我丢的那本。）(2)在非限制性定语从句中，as引导的从句放在主句之前和之后均可，具有“正如”之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expected/as is said above/as is well known /as might be imagined/as is reported /as has been pointed As you expected, he turned up on time. / He turn

8、ed up on time, as was expected. As is said above, he has overcome the difficulty. 5. 先行词为物，习惯上只用that不用which引导的定语从句(1)当先行词是指物的不定代词all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, nothing, something, none, the one时，或先行词被all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修饰时。如：All that can be done has been done.

9、 He will tell you everything that he heard about it.There is little work that is fit for you. (2)先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last, next)、最高级形容词及the only, the very等修饰时。如：This is the first film that I have seen since I came here.This is the best that has been used against pollution. 这是用来防止污染的最好办法。This

10、 is the very book that I am looking for. (3)先行词又有人又有物。如：They often talk about the people and the things that they are interested in. (4)当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为了避免重复，多用that引导。如：Which is the house that caught fire last night? Who is the lady that is playing the piano? (5)有两个定从，其中一个关系代词已用which, 避免重复另一个

11、用that。如： They secretly built up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution.(6)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。如： Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.(7)主句以there be 开头时。There is a seat in the corner that is still free.6. 只用which不用that引导的定语从句。(1) 在非限制性定语从句中。 （which引导的非限制

12、性定从只能放在主句之后）He has made great progress, which made us happy. (2) 作介词宾语且指代物。 The house in which we live is not large.7.“介词+关系代词”引导定从(1)介词+whom只能指人；介词+ which只能指物。如： Look, there comes Li Lei, for whom I have waiting for an hour. Last Saturday evening, I went to Wu Dongs birthday party, in which I met a

13、 foreigner.(2)固定词组，介词置于后，关系代词使用灵活。This is the child (whom /who /that) she is looking after.(3)非固定词组，介词位置灵活，关系代词使用严格。 The man (whom /who /that) I spoke to is a friend of mine.比较：The man to whom I spoke is a friend of mine. She is the girl (who /whom /that) he played Ping-Pong with.比较：She is the girl

14、with whom he played Ping-Pong .This is the room (which /that) he was born in.比较：This is the room where /in which he was born.(4)代词/数词+of +关系代词。 He has written many books, most of which are for children. We have many students, two of whom have won prizes of international competitions.8. way, reason,

15、time三个词作先行词要尤其注意:(1) way 作先行词，如果在从句中作状语，引导词则可以用that，in which，或省略不填；如果在从句中作主语或宾语，则正常用。 The way that/ in which/省略 you solved the problem was very good. (作状语) The way that/ which/省略 you told me was very good. (作宾语)(2) reason作先行词，如果在从句中作状语，引导词则可以用why或 for which; 如果在从句中作主语或宾语，则正常用。 He gave us the reason why/ for which he was late. The reason that/ which/