英语诗歌鉴赏--Appreciation of English Poems

1、Appreciation of English PoemsAppreciation of English Poems 诗是最古老最基本最具有文学特质的文学形式。英国最早有文字记载的诗是Beowulf。它作为口头文学形式产生于公元6世纪，书面记载完成于公元7世纪到8世纪之间。What is poetry?What is poetry? 伟大的希腊哲学家Aristotle曾经说过“诗歌高于历史，因为她是永恒的。”它讲述的是在时间上永恒，在空间上放之四海而皆准的真理。它所表达的爱与恨、忠与奸、创造与毁灭、战争与和平等无不是人类自古以来关注的主题，人类对于爱与和平顽强的追求从来也没有改变过。诗歌除了在

2、表现形式上有所变化外，歌颂的正是这种不变的感情。What is poetry?What is poetry? 诗歌不仅是一种文学题材，它更是一种艺术形式。就像其他艺术形式一样，它与美息息相关。人可能对美有不同的理解，但诗人对美的追求是创作的动机。他们用独特的、发现美的能力，将生活中的悲欢离合、冲突与和谐、平淡与壮举艺术地展示给大家。诗歌也是诗和歌的组合，其中密切的关系使得诗歌必然具备了音乐的基本素质。诗与歌的联姻赋予它节奏、韵律等。How to Appreciate an English Poem?STOPPING BY WOODS ON A SNOWY EVENINGSTOPPING BY

3、WOODS ON A SNOWY EVENINGSTOPPING BY WOODS ON A SNOWY EVENINGWhose woods these are I think I know.His house is in the village though;He will not see me stopping hereTo watch his woods fill up with snow.My little horse must think it queerTo stop without a farm house nearBetween the woods and frozen la

4、keThe darkest evening of the year.STOPPING BY WOODS ON A SNOWY EVENINGHe gives his harness bells a shakeTo ask if there is some mistake.The only other sounds the sweepOf easy wind and downy flake.The woods are lovely, dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles

5、 to go before I sleep.-Robert Frost雪夜林畔小驻雪夜林畔小驻 - -余光中译余光中译 想来我认识这座森林想来我认识这座森林，林主的庄宅就在邻村林主的庄宅就在邻村, , 却不会见我在此驻马，却不会见我在此驻马， 看他林中积雪的美景。看他林中积雪的美景。 我的小马一定颇惊讶：我的小马一定颇惊讶： 四望不见有什么农家，四望不见有什么农家， 偏是一年最暗的黄昏，偏是一年最暗的黄昏， 寒林和冰湖之间停下。寒林和冰湖之间停下。 它摇一摇身上的串铃，它摇一摇身上的串铃， 问我这地方该不该停。问我这地方该不该停。 此外只有轻风拂雪片，此外只有轻风拂雪片， 再也听不见其他声音。

6、再也听不见其他声音。 森林又暗又深真可羡，森林又暗又深真可羡， 但我还要守一些诺言，但我还要守一些诺言， 还要赶多少路才安眠，还要赶多少路才安眠， 还要赶多少路才安眠。还要赶多少路才安眠。 THE ROAD NOT TAKENTHE ROAD NOT TAKENTwo roads diverged in a yellow wood,And sorry I could not travel bothAnd be one traveler, long I stoodAnd looked down one as far as I couldTo where it bent in the underg

7、rowth;Then took the other, as just as fair,And having perhaps the better claim,Because it was grassy and wanted wear;Though as for that the passing thereHad worn them really about the same,THE ROAD NOT TAKENTHE ROAD NOT TAKENAnd both that morning equally layIn leaves no step had trodden black.Oh, I

8、kept the first for another day!Yet knowing how way leads on to way,I doubted if I should ever come back.I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood, and I -I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.-Robert Frost未未 选选 择择 的的

9、路路（美）弗罗斯特（美）弗罗斯特 黄色的树林里分出两条路，黄色的树林里分出两条路，可惜我不能同时去涉足，可惜我不能同时去涉足，我在那路口久久伫立，我在那路口久久伫立，我向着一条路极目望去，我向着一条路极目望去，直到它消失在丛林深处。直到它消失在丛林深处。但我却选了另外一条路，但我却选了另外一条路，它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂，它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂，显得更诱人、更美丽，显得更诱人、更美丽，虽然在这两条小路上，虽然在这两条小路上，都很少留下旅人的足迹，都很少留下旅人的足迹，虽然那天清晨落叶满地，虽然那天清晨落叶满地，两条路都未经脚印污染。两条路都未经脚印污染。呵，留下一条路等改日再见！呵，留下一条路等改日

10、再见！但我知道路径延绵无尽头，但我知道路径延绵无尽头，恐怕我难以再回返。恐怕我难以再回返。也许多少年后在某个地方，也许多少年后在某个地方，我将轻声叹息把往事回顾，我将轻声叹息把往事回顾，一片树林里分出两条路，一片树林里分出两条路，而我选了人迹更少的一条，而我选了人迹更少的一条，从此决定了我一生的道路从此决定了我一生的道路。Exercises. VocabularyExplain the definitions of the following italic words in the context of the selected poems. Look them up in an Englis

11、h dictionary if necessary.1.Whose woods these are I think I know.an area of land covered with a thick growth of trees2.He will not see me stopping here / To watch his woods fill up with snow.become full3.My little horse must think it queer .not usual or expectedExercises4.He gives his harness bells

12、a shake / To ask if there is some mistake.a set of straps fixed together and fitted to an animal such as a horse so that it can be attached to a cart or carriage for pulling5.The only other soundss the sweep / Of easy wind and downy flake.sweep（拂去）: a long smooth movementdowny（羽绒般的；松软的）: soft and fl

13、uffy6.The woods are lovely, dark and deep, / But I have promises to keep.assurances that something will be done or not done; undertakingsExercises7.Two roads diverged in a yellow wood .separated8. / To where it bent in the undergrowth .shrubs, small trees, or other vegetation growing beneath the tre

14、es in a forest9. / And having perhaps the better claim .basis10. It was grassy and wanted wear;grassy: covered with grasswear: walk, tread11. / In leaves no step had trodden black.p.p. of tread, stepped or walked to spread something unwanted from the feet or footwear12.I shall be telling this with a

15、 sigh .an audible exhalation of a deep breath in relief or wearinessExercises. Comprehension questions1.The speaker in poem 1 is (B).A.Robert Frost, the poetB.an imaginative traveler who is heading to his destinationC.impersonal（不具人格的东西）2.Read poem 1 once again and write down the words that describe

16、 time, place and condition.Time: the darkest evening of the yearPlace: between the woods and frozen lakeCondition: dark and snowy3.The speaker in poem 1 stopped by the woods because (B).A.he is tired of travelingB.he is attracted by the viewC.he has lost his wayExercises4.Think over and write down a

17、t least three connotations（内涵意义）the word “snow” often acquires from its common use. What connotations does “snow” acquire in poem 1?common connotations: white, pure, cold, momentary attractionin the poem: the word “snow” has the connotation of weird or surreal attraction on the one hand and death or

18、 loss of vitality on the other.5.One of the common overtones of “snow”, “evening”, “wind” and “flake” in poem 1 is (C).A.cold weatherB.bad weatherC.deprivation of life6.The speaker in poem 2 is (A).A.a traveler who was walking in a woodB.Robert Frost, the poetC.a person who had a decision to make7.F

19、rom poem 2, we could see that the speaker (C).A.regretted being unable to travel two roads simultaneouslyB.believed that the road not taken was much easier to travelC.believed that a decision made earlier in ones life would influence his later lifeExercises8. Write down both the denotations and the

20、connotations of “wood” and “traveler”.Exercises9.The word “wood” in the two poems by Robert Frost is of (C).A.the same connotationsB.different connotationsC.both different and same connotations10.In poem 2, “two roads diverged” in the first stanza and that in the fourth stanza exist (C).A.in the sam

21、e time and spaceB.in the same time span but different spaceC.in the different time and spaceExercises. Topics for discussion1.What kind of attitudes does the speaker in poem 1 have towards the woods?Attitude is someones opinions or feelings about something, especially as shown by their behavior.The

22、speaker in the poem has mixed attitudes towards the woods. On the one hand, he feels attracted by the woods, as they are “lovely, dark and deep” and filled up with snow. That is why he stops by the woods. On the other hand, he resists the temptation of the “lovely, dark and deep” woods, as he has “p

23、romises to keep”.Exercises2.In poem 1, does the word “promise” in stanza 4 have any special meanings in the poem? Give your reasons.The denotation of the word “promise” is a statement in which you say that something will definitely happen, or you will definitely do something.The word “promises” in s

24、tanza 4 is in its plural form, and no modifier is used before it. In other words, the word “promises” in the poem does not refer to a particular promise. It refers to promises in general.Reading between the lines, especially by putting together the connotations of “woods”, “snow”, “darkest evening”

25、and “sleep”, we can see that the word promises in stanza 4 has special connotations. If we interpret “sleep” as the final rest, i.e. death, we may understand the word promises as life commitments or obligations.It is important to remind ourselves, however, that words used in poetry are often defiant

26、 of a precise and singular interpretation, and that there is a multiplicity of interpretations of the same words in a poem.Exercises3.Does the repetition of the last two lines in poem 1 have any special function?Repetition is an important literary device in English poetry, which we will cover in som

27、e detail in section 4.The repetition of the last two lines in the poem foregrounds the speakers determination to carry on his journey and to fulfill his “promises”, or rather, his life commitments and obligations before he sleeps.The repetition also functions as a refrain in the last stanza.诗歌鉴赏诗歌鉴赏

28、 Auld Lang Syne Auld Lang SyneShould auld acquaintance be forgot,and never brought to mind?Should auld acquaintance be forgot,and auld lang syne?CHORUS:For auld lang syne, my jo,for auld lang syne,well tak a cup o kindness yet,for auld lang syne.And surely yell be your pint-stowp!and surely Ill be m

29、ine!And well tak a cup o kindness yet,for auld lang syne.CHORUSWe twa hae run about the braes,and pud the gowans fine;But weve wanderd mony a weary fit,sin auld lang syne.CHORUSWe twa hae paidld i the burn,frae morning sun till dine;But seas between us braid hae roardsin auld lang syne.CHORUSAnd the

30、res a hand, my trusty fiere!and gies a hand o thine!And well tak a right gude-willy waught,for auld lang syne.CHORUSEnglish Translation of Auld Lang SyneEnglish Translation of Auld Lang SyneShouldoldacquaintance (相识之人) be forgot,and never brought to mind?Shouldoldacquaintance be forgot,andoldlang sy

31、ne?CHORUS:For auld lang syne, mydear,for auld lang syne,well take a cup of kindness (和蔼，亲切) yet,for auld lang syne.And surely youllbuyyour pint (品脱，计量单位) cup!and surely Illbuymine!And well take a cup o kindness yet,for auld lang syne.CHORUSWetwo haverun about theslopes (山谷的斜坡),andpickedthedaisies(雏菊

32、) fine;But weve wandered(漫步) manya weary foot,sinceauld lang syne.English Translation of Auld Lang SyneEnglish Translation of Auld Lang SyneCHORUSWetwo have paddled(划桨) in thestream,frommorning sun till dine;But seas between usbroad have roaredsinceauld lang syne.CHORUSAnd theres a hand my trusty fr

33、iend!Andgive mea hand o thine(你的)!And welltakea rightgood-will draught (饮，吸),for auld lang syne.CHORUS往昔的时光老朋友哪能相忘， 哪能不放在心上？老朋友哪能遗忘， 还有往昔的时光？为了往昔的时光，老朋友， 为了往昔的时光，再干一杯友情的酒， 为了往昔的时光。你来痛饮一大杯， 我也买酒来相配。干一杯友情的酒又何妨？为了往昔的时光。我们曾遨游山岗， 到处将野花拜访。但以后走上疲惫的旅程， 逝去了往昔的时光！我们曾赤脚蹚过河流， 水声笑语里将时间忘。如今大海的怒涛把我们隔开， 逝去了往昔的时光！忠实

34、的老友，伸出你的手， 让我们握手聚一堂。再来痛饮一杯欢乐酒， 为了往昔的时光！ Auld Lang Syne is a Scots poem written by Robert Burns in 1788 and set to the tune (曲调) of a traditional folk song. The poet was born in Scotland. His father was a poor peasant. The peasant origin and environment especially aided him in mastering the happy sim

35、plicity, humor, directness and optimism, which are characteristics of old Scottish songs. Many of his poems have a musical quality. Auld Lang Syne is right an example. It is well known in many English-speaking countries and is often sung to celebrate the start of the New Year at the stroke of midnig

36、ht. By extension, its use has also become common at funerals, graduations, and as a farewell or ending to other occasions. 友谊地久天长是苏格兰诗人罗伯特彭斯在1788年创作的一首诗，被谱以传统民谣歌的乐调。诗人生于苏格兰，父亲是个贫苦的农民。农民的出生和环境使他掌握了苏格兰歌曲的欢快、简约、幽默、直率和乐观。他的很多诗都带有明显的音乐特征。友谊地久天长就是一个很好的例证。这首歌在很多英语国家都流传甚广，常在新年午夜钟声响起时，被高声吟唱，来庆祝新一年的开始。而且，在葬礼、

37、毕业典礼或其它结束场合也会被当作告别曲传唱。 The songs Scots title may be translated into English literally as “old long since”, or more idiomatically, “long long ago”, “days gone by”. In any case, it is one of the best known songs in English-speaking countries-although, like many other frequently sung songs, the melody

38、is better remembered that the words, which are often sung incorrectly, and seldom in full. 这首诗的苏格兰语标题直接翻译成英语就是“昔日时光”，或者更俗语话一些，“很久很久以前”，“过去的日子”。无论怎么翻译，它都是英语中最著名的诗歌作品之一虽然和很多其它被广为传唱的歌曲一样，人们记住的往往不是诗词而是旋律，有时，歌词被唱错，或者唱不完整。 Auld Lang Syne is an extremely nostalgic and sincere expression of friendship. It i

39、s for this reason that people all over the world sing this song at social gatherings and most famously on Hogmanay (苏格兰除夕夜) as they reflect on times past and welcome the New Year. Several lines in the song are the same as part of the poem, for example: Should auld acquaintance be forgot, /And never

40、brought to mind? /Should auld acquaintance be forgot, /And days o auld lang syne? 友谊地久天长的怀旧特色极其浓厚，对友谊的表达也是无比真诚。恰是因为这一点，全世界的人在不同的社交场合都会唱这首歌，最有名的当属苏格兰当地除夕夜，人们回顾往昔，欢迎新一年的到来。其中的几句，恰是诗的原文。 怎能忘记昨日朋友，/心中能不怀想？/昨日朋友岂能相忘？/友谊地久天长。 O my Luves like a red, red roseThats newly sprung in June;O my Luves like the me

41、lodie（旋律，歌曲）Thats sweetly playd in tune.As fair art（be的变体）thou（你）, my bonnie（漂亮的）lass（小姑娘）,So deep in luve am I:And I will luve thee（古英语thou的宾格，你）still, my dear,Till a (all) the seas gang dry:Till a the seas gang dry, my dear,And the rocks melt wi (with) the sun:I will luve thee still, my dear,While

42、 the sands o (of) life shall run.And fare thee well, my only LuveAnd fare thee well, a while!And I will come again, my Luve,Tho (though) it were ten thousand mile. A Red Red RoseA Red Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰啊，我的爱人象朵红红的玫瑰， 六月里迎风初开；啊，我的爱人象支甜甜的曲子， 奏得合拍又和谐。我的好姑娘，多么美丽的人儿！ 请看我，多么深挚的爱情！亲爱的，我永远爱你， 纵使大海干涸水流尽。纵使大海干涸水

43、流尽， 太阳将岩石烧作灰尘，亲爱的，我永远爱你， 只要我一息犹存。珍重吧，我唯一的爱人， 珍重吧，让我们暂时别离，但我一定要回来， 哪怕千里万里！诗歌鉴赏诗歌鉴赏How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.I love thee to the depth and breadth and heightMy soul can reach, when feeling out of sightFor the ends of Being and ideal Grace.I love thee to the level of everydaysMost quiet

44、need, by sun and candlelight.I love thee freely, as men strive for Right;I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.I love thee with the passion put to useIn my old griefs, and with my childhoods faith.I love thee with a love I seemed to loseWith my lost saints,-I love thee with the breath,Smiles, tears, of all my life!-and, if God choose,I shall but love thee better after death.我究竟怎样爱你？让我细数端详。我爱你直到我灵魂所及的深度、广度和高度，我在视力不及之处摸索着存在的极致和美的理想。我爱你