被动语态基本构成资料

1、被动语态基本构成：主语+be+动词过去分词1. Calvesareeasilyboundandslaughtered，Neverknowingthereasonwhy（一般现在时）牛儿任人捆缚宰割，从来不知原因为何?Youmustfinishyourworkimmediately.Yourworkmustbefinishedimmediately.2. Ihaveadreamthatmyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentofth

2、eircharacter.（一般将来时）我梦想有一天，我的四个孩子将生活在一个不是以肤色的深浅，而是以品格的优劣作为评判标准的国家里。3. Ifagoodcookcouldcookgoodcookies,goodcookiescouldbecookedbyagoodcook.Yesterdaymyfatherbeatme.（一般过去时）Iwasbeatenbymyfatheryesterday.4. Myfatherisbeatingmenow.（现在进行时）Iambeingbeatenbymyfathernow.5. Myfatherwasbeatingmeatthismomentyeste

3、rday.（过去进行时）Iwasbeingbeatenbymyfatheratthismomentyesterday.6. Myfatherhaseverbeatenmeformanytimes.（现在完成时）Ihaveeverbeenbeatenbymyfatherformanytimes.7. MyfatherhadeverbeatenmeformanytimesbeforeIwasamiddleschoolstudent.IhadeverbeenbeatenbymyfatherformanytimesbeforeIwasamiddleschoolstudent.（过去完成时）8. Sho

4、uldoldacquaintancebeforgotandneverbroughttomindShouldoldacquaintancebeforgotanddaysofauldlangsyne怎能忘记，旧日朋友，心中能不怀想。旧日朋友，岂能相忘，友谊地久天长被动语态英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多，要普遍，许多课本乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式。须注意的是，许多地方与汉语不同。注意那些汉语中没有”被u的意思，英语却用被动态。还要注意，英语的被动态往往由"by”弓I出,而有用介词“by”的短语往往又不是被

5、动态，而是系表结构。还有些待殊现象，如knowntoman（人类所知），onfoot步行（美国人有时用byfoot）,incarraige藻四轮马车）等等。还有假主动，真被动的十几个常用词的用法，以及soheavytocarry而不用soheavytobecarried等习惯用法。有关这类情况，做到心中有数对全面掌握被动态，准确无误地解答习题非常关键，被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题。英语的时态本来很复杂，怎样记住各自的被动形式呢？首先要明确"将来进行无被动，现在完成进行同"。这两种时态无被动形式。另外，不及物动词带有同源宾语的动词，反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动

6、形式。即便如此，还有一般现谑保话愎十保衷请惺保y惺保衷谕甑埔焙凸本甑埔？还有不定式，动名词，分词，以及它们的复合结构）的被动态，再加上情态动词，助动词以及它们的疑问式和否定式从中掺杂，真是令人头痛，眼花缭乱。下面口诀就以动词do为例，即dodid过去式done过去分词，以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态，一定对你有所启示。被动语态的口诀一般现、过用bedone,be有人称、时、数变。完成时态havedone，被动将been加中问。一般将来shall（will）do,被动变do为bedone将来进行无被动，shall（will）bedoing,现在完成进行同,have（has）beendoing现、

7、过进行bedoing,被动be力口beingdone情、助、有、是安安排，一律随新主语变。否定助后加not,疑问一助置主前。主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。一般情助加bedone,双宾多将问宾变。复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。第二句”be有人称、时、数变”即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。"情助”是指情态动词和助动词must,may,can,shall,will等一律随新主语（多是主动句中的宾语）来变化。"疑问一助置主前”是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。下面详细举例说明之。一般现、过用bedone,be有人称、时、数变例：主

8、动：Thechildrengavetheforeignguestsawarmwelcome.被动：Theforeignguestsweregivenawarmwelcomebythechildren.孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。主动：Peopleregardhimasbrilliant.被动：Heisregardedasbrilliantbypeople.人们认为他很有才华。以上两例都是一般时态用bedone的例子，be有人称、时、数变，第三人称foreignfriends是复数，时态一般过去时，所以"bedone"5ft是weregiven,而Peopleregardhimas

9、brilliant一句，被动后的"bedone"就变成单数第三人称isregarded的形式了。被动:ThisspeechwasdeliveredbycomradeWang.（wasdelivered一般过去时的被动态）这篇讲演是王的发言。Therewasaserioustrainaccidentneartheborder.Twopeoplewerekilledandtwelvewereinjured.边境发生严重列车事故，二人死亡，十二人受伤。Apersonwhoistrulyhonestiscalledastraightarrow.直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。Anot

10、ewaspasseduptothespeake百人给讲演者递上来张名氏条。JohnwaselectedpresidentoftheclassinsteadofHarry.乔治被选为班长而代替了亨利。Volcanoesaredescribedasactive,dormantorextinct.火山被描述为活的，沉睡着的，或者死的。Thesoldierwaskilled,butthetrainwassaved.这位战士牺牲了，然而列车得救了。Hewasthoughttobecleverbutdishonest他被认为很聪明但不诚实。ThefirstzoologicalgardenintheUnit

11、edStateswasestablishedin1874.美国的第一个动物园是1874年建立的。Familieswereoftenbrokenup;wivesweretakenawayfromtheirhusbandsandchildrenfromtheirparents.家庭被拆散，妻儿被夺走。Theinformationisurgentlyneeded.急需这个资料。Mostenvironmentalproblemsexistbecauseadequatemeasurefsorpreventingthemwerenottakeninthepast.多数环境污染问题的存在，是因为过去没有采取

12、适当的保护措施。完成时态havedone，被动将been加中问。（过去完成时haddone也包括在内）。例：主动：WehavestudiedEnglishfor3yearsoffandonatthespare-timeschool.被动：Englishhasbeenstudiedfor3yearsoffandonatthespare-timeschool.（have随新主语变为has）我们已经在夜校里断断续续地学了三年英语了。主动:Theyhadproduced100tractorsbytheendoflastyear.被动:100tractorshadbeenproducedbytheend

13、oflastyear.到去年年底我们已生产出一百台拖拉机。主动：Theyhavesetupapowerstationintheirhometown.被动：Apowerstationhasbeensetupintheirhometown.他们的家乡建立了一座发电站。主动：Theyhavewarnedustobecarefulofrats.被动：Wehavebeenwarnedtobecarefulofrats.他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠。主动：Peoplehavepiledplasticbagsfullofrubbishinstreets.被动:Plasticbagsfullofrubbishha

14、vebeenpiledinstreets.人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。主动：Wehaveusednuclearenergytoproduceelectricity.被动：Nuclearenergyhasbeenusedtoproduceelectricity.核能已用来发电。主动:Noonehaseverbeatenhimattennis.被动：Hehasneverbeenbeatenattennis.就网球来说还没有人是他的对手。（Noone涉及到全否定和部分否定问题，见否定一讲）Thepersonwhoownsthegunmaytrytodenythathehasusedit.Bu

15、tanyoneseeingthesmokeknowsthegunhasjustbeenfired.有枪的人会极力否认他开了枪。但是任何看到枪烟（枪冒的烟）的人都会知道刚才开了枪。TodayisCilia'sweddingfontid=Markstyle="COLOR:blue;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#ccffff"day/font,shehasjustbeenmarriedtoDanel.今天是西丽亚的新婚日，她刚刚和丹尼尔结婚。Thesubjectsoftheselectureshavebeenannouncedbythelecturecommitte

16、演讲委员会已宣布了这些讲演的题目。过去完成时也是一样：主动:Somebodyhadcleanedmyshoes.被动:Myshoeshadbeencleanedbysomebody.有人早已把我的鞋子擦了。WhenIreturnedIfoundthattheyhadtowed（toud）mycaraway,IaskedwhytheyhaddonethisandtheytoldmethatidwasbecauseIhadparkeditundera"NoParkingSign".被动：.mycarhadbeentowedaway.Iaskedwhythishadbeendon

17、eandtoldthat.ithadbeenparkedundera"NoParkingSign".当我回来时，发现我的车被弄走了。我问他们为啥这么于。他们告诉我说因为我把车于停在"禁止停车"的禁区。主动:TheyhadbuildthreeshipsbylastDecember.被动:BylastDecemberthreeshipshadbeenbuiltbythem.到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。Researchhadbeencentredontheimprovementofnaturalbuildingmaterialsbeforesynthetic

18、swerecreated.合成材料造出之前，研究工作集中在改进天然建筑材料上。Hedidnotsayifallthosesteelpipeshadbeenexamined他并没有说那些钢管者B检验过没有。Afterplastichadbeencreated,engineersweregivenamuchwidechoiceofmaterials.塑料发明之后，工程师们在材料选择上有了更广阔的途径。一般将来shall（will）do,被动变do为bedone即由shalldo或willdo变为shalldone或willbedone。例：主动:Weshallbuildseveralbigmode

19、rnpowerplantsinourcitynextyear.被动：Severalbigmodernpowerplantswillbebuiltinourcitynextyear.过年我市将建立几座大型现代化的发电厂。（shalldo中的shall要随新主语变为will,do为bedone.）王动：IshallsendmysecondboytoschoolnextSeptember.被动：MysecondboywillbesenttoschoolnextSeptember.过年九月我将送我次子去读书。主动：Inordertofoolpeoplecheapsandswindlerswillmak

20、esuchbricksoutofleadcoveringthe"leadbrick"withgold.被动：Suchbrickswillbemadeoutofleadcoveringthe"leadbrick"withgoldbycheapsandswindlers.设法骗钱的商人和骗子们将通过把"铅砖"外面镀上一层金来做这样的"金砖"。主动：Theywillaskyoualotofstrangequestions.被动:Youwillbeaskedalotofstrangequestions.他们将问你许多怪题。

21、被动句中的by引出的宾语，一般说来，如果是人称代词你、我、他等，均可省略，someonenoone不由by来引出。如果是名词不能省略，但当今英语也都可省略了。主动：TheChinesepeoplewillmakemorespaceexplorationsinthefuture.被动：MorespaceexplorationswillbemadeinthefuturebytheChinesepeople.中国人民在将来将进行更多的空间探索。同样Afteraperiodofuse,thebatteriesshouldbechanged电池使用段时间后，应该更换。Usually,theelectri

22、cityisonfor24hours.Buttomorrowitwillbecutoffinthefontid=Markstyle="COLOR:blue;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#ccffff"day/fonttime.通常是昼夜供电，明天白天将停电。Morepeacefuluseswillbefoundfornuclearexplosivesinthefuture.在将来会发现更多的和平利用核爆炸的途径。Morehardworkwillbeneededtomakethiswondercometrueinashorttimefromnow.从现在起要使这些奇迹在

23、短时间内成为现实还需要做更多的艰苦工作。etrue使成为事实；cometrue做宾补(见感使动词口诀)。Themachinewillnotbeusedagain.这机器不能再用了。Willmoregasbeneeded?需要更多的煤气吗？但如果是一般过去将来时如何处理呢？请记下面口诀：一般过去将来时，过去某时将发生。主动should(would)do,被动bedone代原形。将来进行无被动，现在完成进行同。主动：Afewdaysagowewerestillnotquitesurewhetherweshouldcarryoutthenewplanaheadoftime.被动：.whetherth

24、enewplanwouldbecarriedoutaheadoftime.几天前，我们还不能肯定能否提前执行新的计划。主动：Ididnotsaythatwewouldchangetheequipment.被动：Ididnotsaythattheequipmentwouldbechanged.我并没说过，我们将换掉那台设备。主动：Mysupervisortoldmethathewouldgivemeaspecialtutorialafewdaysago.被动：Mysupervisortoldmethataspecialtutorialwouldbegiventomeafewdaysago.几天前

25、，我的导师说他将对我进行个别辅导。主动:Ineverthoughtthatbewouldbringmetheinformationsoearly.被动：Ineverthoughtthattheinformationwouldbebroughttomesoearly.我决没想到他那么早就会把资料带给我。将来进行无被动，shall(will)bedoing,现在完成进行同have(has)beendoing,即将来进行时表示动作在将来某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行'现在完成进行时表示某-行为发生在过去延续到现在，可能还要延续下去。两种时态则不用被动语态。例；Wehopeyourcomanywi

26、llsoonbesendinganengineerovertocheckthisequipment.（将来进行时）我们希望贵公司早些派一名工程师来检查这台设备。Inaffewminutesourpassengerplanewillbeflyinginthestratosphere.将来进行时）几分钟后我们的客机将在同温层中飞行。Wehopescientistswillbetappingnewenergysourcestomeettheneedforpowers们希望科学家们将发掘新的能源来满足能量的需要。（将来进行时）Whatwillyoubedoingthisevening?今晚你将做什么?

27、（将来进行时）IhavebeenlivinginAnshanSince1980（现在完成进行时）1980年以来，我一直住在鞍山。HowlonghaveyoubeenstudyingEnglish?你学英语多久了？（现在完成进行时）Wehavebeenwaitingattheairportforthefontid=Markstyle="COLOR:#ee6600;BACKGROUND-COLOR:yellow"whole/fontfontid=Markstyle="COLOR:blue;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#ccffff"day/fontbe

28、causeofthethickfog.由于大雾，我们已经在机场等了一整天了。（现在完成进行时）Sincethen,appliedmathematicianshavebeencopingsuccessfullywithmanyproblemsinastronony.从那时以来，应用数学家成功地处理了许多天文学上的问题。（现在完成进行时）以上均无被动态。现、过进行bedoing,被动be力口beingdone即现在进行时或过去进行时都是be的人称、时和数的形式加doing。而被动态则是be加上beingdone的形式，being是不变的。现在进行时和过去进行时的被动态是被动态个的重点，容易搞错。例

29、如：主动：TheworkersarerepairingthemainbuildingoftheNortheastEngineeringInstitute.被动：ThemainbuildingoftheNortheastEngineeringInstituteisbeingrepairedbytheworkers.工人们正在维修东北工学院主楼。Tworeservoirsarebeingbuiltatthesametime.两座水库同时建造。Thenastyquestionisbeingconsideredbythecommitteemembers委员会的委员们正在考虑那个棘手的问题，Acir（u

30、itd朗i8ni566infm6J6bythetR8Incers工程师们正搞电路设计。Equipmentandfoodstuffsarebeingflowntothefloodstrickenareas.设备和食品正在空运到灾区。Thebuildongofanotherfly-overisbeingplanned.他们在计划修建另一座跨线桥。WecoudldnotgetthroughbecausetheFebruary19thRoadwasbeingrepaire我们过不去，因二.一九路正维修呢。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。带情态动词和助动词等的被动态如何处理比较复杂。要随新的主语来

31、变化，这些词如can,could；will,would;shall,should;may,might;must;oughtto;need需要；haveto不得不；begoingto;tobeto;usedto;seemto;happent窗。例如：下回书接续！接上回书！主动:Wemustkeepthisinmind.被动：Thismustbekeptinmind.我们必须把这个记在心里。主动：Wecanputtherefrigeratorinthatplace.(refrigerator=freezer.)被动：Therefrigeratorcanbeputinthatplace.我们可以把电

32、冰箱放在那个地方。主动：Weshallnotusethewashingmachineagain.被动：Thewashingmachinewillnotbeusedagain.我们不能再用那台洗衣机了。原来的谓语shalluse被动态中随新主语变为will.主动:Weshalltakemoremeasurestopreventcorrosion.被动:Moremeasureswillbetakentopreventcorrosion.(shal变will)我们将采取更多的措施来防止腐蚀。Ioughttobecriticizedforit.我应该为此受到批评.Allthishastobesolve

33、dwithgreatcare.这一切得认真解决。Thelobbyisgoingtoberebuilt.门厅将重建。Theexhibitionistobeopenedtomorrow.展览会将明日开放。再如：主动：Weshallhavetoadoptadifferentattitude.被动：Adifferentattitudewillhavetobeadopted.我们将不得不采取另一种态度.主动：Youaretoleavethebaghere.被动：Thebagistobelefthere.(areto!新主语变为isto)你应把包裹放在这儿。主动：Theyusedtostartthesee

34、nginesbyhand.被动：Theseenginesusedtobestartedbyhand.过去他们用手启动马达。主动:Wearegoingtopaintthewallgreen.被动：Theallisgoingtobepaintedgreen.我们打算把墙刷成绿色。主动：Youneedn'ttypethisletter.被动：Thisletterneednotbetyped.(oughtto,need1不变助动词)你不必把这封信打字。主动：JohnseemstolikeMaryverymuch.被动：MaryseemstobelikedverymuchbyJohn.看来约翰非

35、常喜欢玛丽。主动：Theboyhappenedtomeetherinthestreet.被动：Shehappenedtobemetinthestreetbytheboy.这个男孩碰巧在街上遇到了她。主动：Itmusthavedisappointedhimterriblythatpeopletoldhimtheydidn'twanthim.被动：Hemusthavebeenterriblydisappointedtobetoldhewas'twanted.人们告诉他，他们不需要他，这一定已经使得他特别失望.主动：Youshouldbearinmindthathewasn'

36、tpresent.被动:Thathewasn'tpresentshouldbeborneinmind.或Itshouldbeborneinmindthathewasn'tpresent.你应记住他未出席。主动：Youshouldhavetakenthosebooksbacktothelibrary.被动：Thosebooksshouldhavebeentakenbacktothelibrary.你本该把这些书带回图书馆去。主动：Theymayhaveleftitinthesun.被动：Itmayhavebeenleftinthesun.他们可能已把它放在阳光下了。may加不定式的完成体或完成进行体表示"可能"，主要用于肯定句，决不