大伦敦政府市政厅大楼_伦敦_英国

1、THE GREATER LONDON AUTHORITY, CITY HALL BUILDING, LONDON, UK, 2002设计：福斯特及合伙人事务所DESIGN: FOSTER AND PARTNERS2002 年 5 月16 日，成功竣工的市政厅大厦正式递交给大伦敦政府（Greater London Authority）（，大伦敦: 包含市区及市郊）。历经8周 的准备，该市政厅将在7月23日正式交付使用，届 时女王陛下将亲临现场，并主持剪彩仪式。市政厅的设计采用了适于民主政府的、公众可 进入的和可持续发展的设计策略。它将容纳一个有25 个议席的议会厅、市长的办公室和 500 名 G

2、LA 的员工。它是向公众开放的建筑，参观者可以进入 办公区域。该建筑坐落于泰晤士河南岸，属新More London开发区。新的建筑综合体，如办公建筑、商 店、餐馆、景观化的公共活动空间，将作为岸边的 新景象，一改几十年前的老样子。一半多的基地面积被划为公共活动区。这包括 两个大型广场，其尺度同莱切斯特（Leicester）方 形广场和皮卡迪利（Piccadilly）圆形广场相近。一 条步行街，将捕捉观看地标建筑 HMS 贝尔法斯特 和伦敦塔（Tower of London）的新角度。一条地 下公路，连结了新建筑所共享的基础设施，这是整 个基地步行化的有力保障。广场、街景和地下公路，共同营造了岸

3、边步行区的氛围，24 小时的开放时间，任由人们享用。 人们可从首层接待处或下沉的圆形广场步入大楼。下沉的圆形广场铺砌着上等的蓝色石灰岩，通 向公共咖啡厅，而成为室外活动的理想场所。咖啡 厅上方是一个椭圆形的展示空间，再上便是议会 厅。经过镜面剖光的不锈钢构件所组成的同心椭圆 的屋顶图案，将阳光反射至室内各处。从此展厅起， 一条 500m 长的缓坡，蜿蜒上升，经历10 层，而到 达建筑的顶端。与议会厅同层的观景走廊带着人们 的视线，透过三角形的玻璃幕，跨过泰晤士河，远 望伦敦塔。从第二层起，坡道进入议会厅，刚刚高于议员 们的头顶。在坡道上，每走一步都可以欣赏到不断 变化角度的伦敦，向内可以瞥见忙

4、碌工作的GLA的 员工。坡道经过市长的办公室，直达顶部的大空间， 那里叫作伦敦客厅（London Living Room）这间 自然采光的大空间可纳200座，作为展示或会场用。 围绕其四周的，是伦敦城广阔的画卷。此外，议会 厅也面向公众开放，有250个座席预留给媒体和观众，其中也有为轮椅人士而设的席位。建筑朝向和体型的设计，均出于节约能源的考 虑。其形状用几何球体，因为它可达最大的容积，而 表面积最少。议会厅玻璃幕的一面朝北，以减少直 射日光和多余热量。建筑自身向南探出，于是上层 楼板自然为下层空间挡光、遮阳。此外，建筑还装配了集中环境调控系统，以减少 机械能耗：首先，建筑周边的办公室可靠窗下

5、的通风 孔自然通风；其次，建筑的空调系统，先用泵道抽取 冰凉的地下水，透过天花板下的梁进行冷却，从而避 免了有噪音污染和不美观的屋顶冷却水装置。分析结 果也显示，使用了上述节能措施的建筑，同一般使用 空调系统的办公建筑相比，机械能耗减少了3/4。先进的计算机技术和新型结构技术的引用，使 异形切割成为可能。幕墙的玻璃，每块的形状、尺 寸都不一样。为了获得更高精确度，数据来自于原 始计算机模型，然后由激光切制。还有很多的建筑 构件，如地板砖、橡胶踏垫，均由可循环使用的材 料制成，仅仅30个月的设计和施工工期，建筑按时 竣工且未超预算。（程露 译）1 夜景Night view30 世界建筑6/200

6、2设计选例On 16th May the completed City Hallbuilding was handed over to the Greater London Authority. Following an eight-week long fit-out period, the building will be formally opened by Her Majesty the Queen on 23rd July.City Hall has been designed as a model of democracy, accessibility and sustainabil

7、ity. It houses the assembly chamber for the 25 elected members of the London Assembly and the offices of the Mayor and 500 staff of the Greater London Authority. It is a highly public building, bringing visitors into close proximity with the workings of the democratic process. The building is set wi

8、thin the new More London development on the south bank of the Thames, bringing a rich mix of office buildings, shops, cafes and landscaped public spaces to a section of the riverside that has remained undeveloped for decades.More than half of the total site area is given over to public space, includ

9、ing two large piazzas equivalent in size to Leicester Square and Piccadilly Circus. A new streetscape will create dramatic vistas of landmarks such as HMS Belfast and the Tower of London. An underground road, which gives common access to a service infrastructure shared by all the new buildings, has

10、enabled the entire site to be kept completely free of vehicles. This has facilitated the creation of a new, completely pedestrianised public realm along the riverside, which will be accessible24 hours a day.The public may enter the building either at the ground level reception or through a large sun

11、ken amphitheatre, which leads to a public cafe at lower ground level. Paved in high- quality blue limestone, the amphitheatre provides a space for outdoor events. Beyond the cafe is an elliptical exhibition space directly below the assembly chamber. Daylight is2施工中Underconstruction3建筑节能概念图Energyconc

12、ept31 世界建筑6/2002public, with 250 seats for press and visitors,including provision for wheel chair users.The building's orientation and form have been designed to save energy. Its shape is derived from a geometrically modified sphere, a form which contains the greatest volume with the least surfa

13、ce area. The glazed facade of the assembly chamber faces north to minimise the amount of direct sunlight falling on it and so minimising solar gain. The building leans back towards the south, where the floor- plates step inwards to provide natural shading for the offices beneath.The building has a h

14、ighly integrated system of environmental controls to minimise its energy use. The perimeter office spaces can be naturally ventilated by opening vents positioned below the windows. The building's cooling system utilises cold ground water pumped up via boreholes from the water table and passed th

15、rough chilled beams in the ceilings, avoiding the need for noisy and unsightly chillers on the roof. Analysis indicates that, as a result of the combination of these energy saving devices, the annual energy consumption for the building's mechanical systems will be approximately a quarter of that

16、 of a typical high-specification air-conditioned officebuilding.Advanced computer modelling techniques and innovative construction techniques have been employed to achieve the geometry. Each of the glazing panels is unique in shape and size. They have been laser-cut with data supplied from the same

17、computer model used to design the building, ensuring a high degree of accuracy. Many of the building elements, including floor tiles and rubber doormats, are made from recycled materials. Designed and built within only 30 months, the building was completed on time and on budget.reflected into this s

18、pace by the ceiling's patternofconcentricellipsesofmirror-polishedstainless steel. From this space a half-kilometre-long, gently rising public ramp coils through all ten stories to the top of the building. At the level of the assembly chamber is a viewing gallery allowing the public dramatic views over the river to the Tower of London through the triangulated glass facade.After level 2 the ramp emerges inside the chamber and continues the rest of its risedirectly above the heads of the electedpol