高中英语语法强化训练(形容词性从句和名词性从句)

1、高中英语语法名词性从句部分表语从句:主语+系动词+表语从句1定义:用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。2构成:关联词+简单句3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类:(1从属连词that。如:The trouble is that I have lost his address. (2 从属连词whether, as, as if。如:He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。The question is whether they will be able to help us.注:从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但as i

2、f却可引导表语从句,如:All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday.这都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一样。能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如:It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。(3连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接副词where, when, how, why。如:The problem is w

3、ho we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。1.连词because可引导表语从句。如:I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示,should可省略

4、。如:My suggestion is that we (should start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。3.“That is why.”与“That is the reason why.”同义,只不过从语法结构上讲,“That is the reason why.”中why引导的是个定语从句,将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why.”结构一样,例如:That is (the reason why I cannot agree. That is because.(2主语从句1定义:用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。2构成:关联词+简单句3

5、引导主语从句的关联词有三类:(1 从属连词that。如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明显,她们确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似。(2 从属连词whether。如:Whether hell come here isnt clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。(3 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接副词where, when, how, why。如:What she di

6、d is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。Wherever you are is my home - my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家-我唯一的家。1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有:A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, l

7、ikely, certain, probable, etc.+that从句。如:It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.+that从句。如:Its a pity that we cant go.很遗憾我们不能去。Its no surprise that

8、 our team should have won the game. 我们没赢这场比赛真意外。C. It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.+that从句。如:It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地

9、球卫星。D. It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如:It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。E. It+doesnt matter (makes no difference, etc.+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如:It doesnt matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。It makes no differenc

10、e where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪里开会毫无区别。F. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如:Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗?Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗?G. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如: How strange it is tha

11、t the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪!2.注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who 来的人将受到欢迎。Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that 他所做的事情是正确的。Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who 你们当中不论哪个进来

12、将会得到奖励。(3宾语从句1定义:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。2构成:关联词+简单句3引导宾语从句的关联词有三类:(1 从属连词that。如:He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。注:that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下,that不能省略。1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that不能省略。大家都会看出

13、所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。3.That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe. (that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。4.We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a pro

14、bationary period. (主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。鉴于他的特殊情况,我们决定应允他一段试用期。(2从属连词if/whether。如:I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。I dont know if you can help me.我不知道你能否帮助我。(3连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接副词where, when, how, why。如:Who or what he was, Martin never

15、learned.他是什么人?他是干什么的?马丁根本不知道。I wonder what hes writing to me about.我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。Ill tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。(1 介词宾语从句宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如:He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.他对那天发生的事感到很不快。I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她

16、坐的地方。I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。有时介词可以省略。如:I dont care (for who marries him.我不管谁跟他结婚。Be careful (as to how you do that. 你要注意做这件事的方式。1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。如: We thought it strang

17、e that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。He has made it clear that he will not give in.他已表明他不会屈服。2.作介词的宾语:连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except, but, in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,作形式宾语。如:He is a good student except that he is careless.他是一个好学生,只是有点粗心。You may rely on it that I shall h

18、elp you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。介词宾语不可以用which来引导,而要用what来引导。如:Are you sorry for what you've done?你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗?3.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等,连词that可省略。如:I am not sure what I ought to do.我不能确定我该做什么。I'm afraid you don't understand wh

19、at I said.恐怕你没领会我说的意思。I'm surprised that I didn't see all that before.我好奇怪,我以前没看到过。Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。4.连词whether (or not或if引导的宾语从句if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用,但whether常和or not连用,if一般不与or not连用。如:I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假

20、。用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义,应避免使用if而用wheter。试比较:Please let me know if you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.if从句可理解为宾语从句,意为“请告诉我你是否想去”;此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话,请告诉我一声”。5.宾语从句的否定转移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。如:I dont think you are right. 我认为

21、你错了。I dont believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。I dont suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意,是吗?6.宾语从句的时态变化规律:(1 当主句是一般现在时态时,从句可根据需要用任何时态。(2 当主句是一般过去时态时,从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.7. what is / was the matter /wrong with sb作宾语从句, 不改变

22、语序;Who knows what is the matter / wrong with him?(4同位语从句1定义:用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。2.用法:同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等,关联词多用从属连词that。如:They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪

23、儿听说我不能来?注:同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如:I have no idea whether hell come or not. 我不知道他是否来。1.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别句法功能上that只起连接从句的作用,无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用,还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。意义上从句是被修饰名词的内容。从句起限定作用,是定语如:The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句,that不可省。李先生

24、将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。The news (that he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句,that在从句中作told的宾语,可省。他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。2.一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如:This is our only request that this (should be settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求:尽快解决这个问题。I wont believe the fact that he lied to

25、his mother.I wont believe the fact (that he told me. The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. We have no idea at all where he has gone.Thats the place where he was born三、考查关联词的正确选用这是近几年高考的重中之重。解决这一问题可以从以下几点入手:1.依据"缺什么补什么&q

26、uot;的原则确定正确的连词认真分析句子成分,看从句中缺什么成分,再根据语境和语义,选用恰当的连词。如果从句中缺少主语,指人用who,指物则用what或which;如缺宾语,指人用whom,指物用what;如缺时间状语用when;地点状语用where;原因状语用why;方式状语用how;定语用what 或which;如果从句中什么成分都不缺,用that。例如:I don't know who will be our English teacher next term.(缺主语,指人用whoI know what should be done and what shouldn't

27、 be done.(缺主语,指物用whatI'm sure that he will come tomorrow.(什么成分都不缺,用thatWhere he will go is still unknown.(缺地点状语,用whereI don't know which / what topic I should choose.(缺定语,用what或which2.注意几组易混连词的使用1 what与that这是高考测试的一对热点连词,同学们一定要将其掌握。that引导名词性从句时仅起连接作用,不作句子任何成分,除在宾语从句中外一般不可省略;what引导名词性从句时,除起连接作

28、用外,还在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语和定语等句子成分。all that, anyt hing that或the thing(s thatWhat we cant get seems better than what we have.Tom thought what a beautiful girl Mary was.whether与if在引导动词的宾语从句时,两者一般可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及作介词宾语的宾语从句或后面直接跟or not时,只能用whether。高中英语语法强化训练(形容词性从句和名词性从句( 1. Do you still remember the

29、chicken farm_we visited three months ago?A. where B when C that D. what( 2. Mary wrote an article on _the team had failed to win the game.A. why B what C. who D that( 3. I have many friends,_some are businessmen.A. of themB. from whichC. who ofD. of whom( 4.The poor young man is ready t accept_help

30、he can get.A. whicheverB. howeverC. whateverD. whenever( 5.As soon as he comes back ,Ill tell him when_and see him.A. you will comeB. will you comeC. you comeD. do you come( 6. Why does she always ask you for help?-There is no one else_,is there?A.Who to turn toB. she can turn toC. for whom to turnD

31、. for her to turn( 7.Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _it is rough or smooth.A./ B whether C. how D. what( 8.Last month part of Southeast was struck by floods ,from_effedts the people are still sufferingA.thatB. whoseC. thoseD. what( 9._in the regulations that not tell

32、 other people the password of your email account.A. What is requiredB. What requiresC.It is requiredD. It requires( 10.If a shop has chairs_women can park their men ,women will spend more time isn the shop.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where( 11.Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003,_he

33、 studied very hard and was made Chairman of the StudintsUnion.A. during which timeB. for which timeC. during whose timeD. by that time( 12. The old ladys hand frepuently,. She explained to her doctor_this sharking had begun half a year before, and _,only because of this ,she had been forced to give

34、up her job.A.when ,howB. how ,whenC. how , whenD. why, why( 13,Some researchers beliver that there is no doubt_a cure for AIDS will be found.A.which B that C. what D whether( 14,Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes_ people were eaten by th

35、e tiger.A. in whichB. by whichC. whichD. that( 15.Mum is coming,What present_for your birthday?A. you expect she has got B you expect has she gotC.do you expect she has gotD.do you expect has she got( 16.-Is that the small town you often refer to?-Right ,just the one _you know I used to work for yea

36、rs.A. thatB. whichC. where D what( 17.Franks dream was to have his own shop_to produce the workings of his own hands.A.thatB. in whichC. by which D how( 18. I was surprised by her words ,which made me recognize_silly mistakes I had made.A.whatB. thatC. howD. how( 19.Her sister has become a lawyer,_s

37、he wanted to be .A. who B that C. what D. which( 20.The schools themseves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs_they are being trained.A.in that B for that C. in which D. for which( 21.The way he did it was different_we were used to .A.in which B in whichC from what D.from which

38、( 22.Jim passed the drining test,_surprised everybody in the office.A. whichB. thatC. thisD. it( 23. Danby left woud with my secretary_ he would call again in the afternoon.A.who B that C. as D. which( 24.Great changes have taken place in that school ,It is no longer _it was 20 years ago ,_it was so

39、 poorly equipped.A. what , whenB. that , whichC. what, whichD. which ,that( 25.The place _the bridge is supposed to be built should be _the cross- river traffic is the heaviest.A. which ,whereB. at which ,whichC. at which ,whereD. which ,in which( 26.-Dont you think it necessary that he _in Miami bu

40、t to New York?-I agree ,but the problem is _he has refused to .A. will not be sent , thatB. not be sent ,thatC.should not besent, whatD.should not send ,what( 27.The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _he thought was not enough.A.whereB. howC. whatD. which( 28.He was educated at a local grammat sch

41、ool,_he went ont to Cambridge.A. from whichB. after thatC. after whichD. from this( 29.I walked in our garden, _Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.A. which B what C where D that( 30.Do you have any idea _is actually going on in the classroom ?A.that B what C as D. which( 31.A fa

42、st food restaurant is the place _,just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.A. which B where C. there D what( 32 The other day , my brother drove his car down the street at_I thought was a mangerous speed.A.as B which C. what D. that( 33. Along with the letter was his promise_he would v

43、isit me this coming Christmas.A. which B that C. what D. whether( 34 Luckily, wed brought a road map without_we would have lost our way.A. a B that C. this D which( 35 You are saying that everyone should be equal ,and this is _I disagree.A.why B where C. what D. how( 36.We cannot figure out _quite a

44、 number of insects ,birds ,and animals are dying out .A. thatB. asC. why D when( 37._is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.A.ItB. As B. That D. What( 38.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _,of course , made the others envy him.A

45、. whoB. that C what D which( 39.A modern city has been set up in _was a wasteland ten years ago .A. what B which C that D where( 40.American women usually identify their best friend as someone _they can talk frequently.A.who B as C. about which D. with whom( 41.After Yang Liwei succeeded in cireling

46、 the earth, _our astuonauts desire to do is walk in space .A, where B. what C. that D. how( 42.A story goes _Elicabeth I of England liked nothing more than being sur rounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A.whenB. whereC. whatD. that( 43.Anyway ,that evening,_Il l tell you more about late

47、r ,ended up staying atBachels place .A. whenB. whereC. what D which( 44.I work in a business _almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A.howB. whichC. whereD. that( 45. I think Father would like to k now _Ive been up to so far ,so I decide to send him him a quick note.A.which B why C what D. ho

48、w( 46.What surprised me was what he said but _he said it .A.the way B in the way thatC. in the wayD. the way which( 47.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%_are sold abroad.A.of which B which of C. of them D. of that( 48._is often the case, we have worked out the producti

49、on plan .A.Which B When C. What D. As( 49.The journey around the took the old sailor nine months, _the sailing time was 226 days.A. of whichB. during whichC. from which D for which( 50There were dirty marks on her trousers_she had wiped her hands.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. that( 51.We living in age _

50、many are done on computer.A.whichB. thatC. whoseD. when( 52._has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.A. That B As C It D What( 53 I can think of many comes _students obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but cant write a good essay.A.why B which C. us D. where( 5

51、4.-Are you still thinking about tomorrows game?-Oh, thats _.,A. what makes me feel excitedB whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about itD. when I feel excited( 55.It is pretty well understood_controls the the flow of caron dicxide in and out the almosphere today.A thatB whenC whatD how( 56.Pe

52、ople have heard what the President has said ,they are waiting to see_he will do .A. ( how B. what C. when D. that 57.I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _it was. A. where B what C. how D. which ( 58.-I think it's going to be a big problem. -Yes, it could be . -I wonder_we can d

53、o about it . A. if B how C. what D. that ( 59._she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interst in her lesson. A. What ,why B. That, what C.What , because D. Why ,that ( 60. Theres feeling in me _well never know a UFO is_not ever. A. that ( B. which C of which D. what 61.Persevera

54、nce is a kind of quality_and thats _it takes to do anything well. A. what B. that C. which D. why ( 62.Information has been put forward_more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B that C. when D. as ( 63.The film brought the back to me _I was taken care of in that far

55、-way village. A. until B. that C. when D. where ( 64._is known to everyone, the moon round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C That D. What ( 65.John said hed been workine in the for an hour ,_was true. A. he B. this C. which D. who ( 66.Have you seen the film “Titanic”_leading actor is world

56、famous ? A. its B. it's C. whose D. which to lose control over the ( 67.Hes got himself into a dangerous situation_he is likely plane. A. ( where B. which C. while D. why 68.A computer can only do _you have instructed it to do. A. how B. after C. what D. when ( 69.He is the only one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three yearrs. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been 参考答案：1-5 CADCA 6-10 BBBCD 11-15 ACBAC 16-20 CBADD 21-25 CABAC 26-30 BCCCB 31-35 BCBDB 36-40 CBDAD 41-45 BDDCC 46-50 AADAA 51-55 DBDAC 56-60 BDC