语法4定语状语

1、英语句子和句子成分第四节 定语和状语初探广西崇左市高级中学 黄林郁【概念学习】定语 是对名词或代词起修饰作用的 词、短语或句子 , 汉语中常用的表示 。 定语有 限制性和非限制性 之分。对中心词来说必不可少的定语叫限制性定语,一般不用 逗号将两者分隔;只起补充说明、用逗号隔开的定语叫非限制性定语。 (限制性定语从句 和非限制性定语从句之说正缘由于此e.g. She had many red pencils. ( red作限制性定语她有许多红色铅笔。She had many pencils, red. (red作非限制性定语她有许多铅笔,是红色的。【小组讨论一】 定语的构成及位置汉语中的定语一般

2、都是放在所修饰的中心词的前面,英语中的定语却可以在中心词 的前面或后面,翻译句子时应注意调换词序。翻译句子 , 注意作定语的黑体部分词的构成 (名 /形 /副 /介短 /todo /doing /done/从句 。 in English made us surprised.;3.Do it now, you may not get;to say.;7.His words made;is now out of order.;is my sister.;16. Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one.;【小结】定

3、语是用来说明名词 (代词 的品质与特征的词或一组词。 可用作定语的有:形容词、 名词、代词、数词、副词、动词的非谓形式(to do、 doing 、 done 、介词短语、 (定语 从句等。定语通常位于被修饰成分之前, 特别注意以下定语必须后置的情况:若修饰复合不定代词时, (如:something 、 nothing ;例 6不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时 ;例 10-16副词用作定语时须放在名词之后;例 9表语形容词(字母 a 开头的形容词 alike asleep awake afraid 等例 8 个别词如 present(出席的 , absent (缺席的 , worth do

4、ing (值得的等也后置。【重点句型学习背诵】1. Do it now, you may not get(序数词前用不定冠词,表示“又一” (只能用 to do修饰有序数词的中心词(present, absent, worth doing 等作定时,须后置(不及物动词的不定式作定语时,须加上相应的介词【定语及时练】汉译英:1. 我有很多重要的事情要做。_ 2. 我希望每个人都有房子住。_ 3. 我们这里的人很友善。_ 4. 出席会议的人数有很少。_ 5. 崇左是一个美丽的值得一游的地方。_【概念学习】从功能上说, 状语是句子重要修饰成分,它可以修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句。 状语修饰形容词或

5、副词时,多做频率,程度的说明。eg. He is a bit tired.状语修饰整个句子时,多对整个句子进行总体评注。eg. Luckily, nobody was killed in the car accident.状语修饰动词时(状语的主要用法 ,它可以从时间 , 处所 , 方式 , 条件 , 对象 , 肯定 , 否定 , 范围和频率,程度等方面对该动作进行修饰或限制。所以状语有“地点状、时间状、 原因状、目的状、结果状、条件状、方向状、程度状、方式状和伴随状语”等称谓。 eg. He often/hardly goes to the cinema.从句子结构划分上说 ,状语是一个句子

6、主干成分(简单句框架和定语(的 之外的成分。【小组讨论二】 请划出下列句子的状语 (可能不止一个 , 并理解其功能 (充当什么状语 。1. The girl is studying hard. _2. Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors. _3. Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow? _4. There are plenty of fish in the sea. _5. He lay in the bed, awake. _5. Because he was ill, To

7、m lost his job. _6. If he were to come, what should we say to him? _7. She spoke so softly that I couldnt hear what she said. _8. He helped me although he didnt know me. _9. In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder. _ 10. He hurried to the school, only to find there was nobody. _

8、11.My train starts at six, arriving at Chicago at ten. _12.Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper. _ 13.Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. _14.Seen from the sky, our city is very beautiful. _15.Seeing from the sky, we find our city is very beautiful. _16. His fa

9、ther died, leaving the family even worse off. _17.He stood there pipe(烟斗 in mouth. _21. Time permitting, we will go for a barbecue tomorrow. _22. His work finished, he went out to play. _其中 1 5句中充当状语的有:_5 8句子充当状语的是:_9 16句子充当状语的是:_17 22句子充当状语的是:_【学习自评和反思】1. 你了解英语句子定语和状语的构成及其功能了吗?_ _ 2. 本节课尚存疑问:_第四节 定

10、语和状语初探 巩固练习1. He dropped the _ and broke it.A. cup of coffee B. cup for coffee C. coffees cup D. coffee cup2. There are five pairs of shoes _, but Im at a loss which to buy.A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing3. If I had _ , Id visit Europe, stopping at all the small intere

11、sting places.A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holidayC. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough4. Ill like you to give me _ to read.A. different nothing B. something different C. different anything D. anything different 5. - Who is the man talking to the headmaster?- A professor _ a

12、 visit to our school.A. paying B. is paying C. paid D. pays6. - Look! My name is on the bag.- Yes. I think this is the same bag _ you lost yesterday.A. as B. that C. like D. who7. The doctor _ I should have a good rest was going abroad for further education.A. suggests B. who suggested C. being sugg

13、ested D. suggested8. If the work _ by the end of month is delayed ,the construction company will be fined. A. is completed B. to be completedC. has been completed D. will be complete9. and short of breath, they were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.A. To be tired B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being t

14、ired10.The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished11._not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding(提醒 B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded12. Michael s new house is like a huge palace, _with his old one.A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared13. _ a good mark, first you need to study hard.A. Getting B. Got C. To get D. Having got14. _ his hands warm, he