主谓一致命题趋势与预测

1、学习必备欢迎下载主谓一致命题趋势与预测根据对主谓一致部分全国各地试题的分析可知，今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为:1、主谓致的语法-致原则2、主谓致的整体致原则3、主谓致的就近致原则4、主谓致的意义致原则5、主谓致的附加原则【考点诠释】、由 or, either. or. , neither. nor. , not onlybut also.,whetheror等连接并列主语时，常采用就近原则，动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。a few cities in the south【考例】Not oniy Jim but also his sistersince they came to Ch

2、ina 临沂市A. will visitB. has visitedC. have visitedD . visited答案B .解析本题既考查时态，又考查并列连词not 0niy. . but also的用法。由时间状语si nee they came to Chi na可判断用现在完成时，排除A、D两项；not onIy. but also连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词要用“就近原则。Neither Jim nor his cous insto America, butof them knowthe country very well. 07 年潍坊市C has bee n; allA.

3、have been a11 B. have been; bothD. has been; both答案B .解析考查neither. . nor的用法，以及both与all的区别。neithernor连接两个主语时，谓语用“就近原则” ，cousins是复数, 谓语用have been排除C和D项；指两者用both。二、the number of +复数名词，主语是the number（数量），谓语动词用 单数;a number of + 复数名词，主语是复数名词,a number of作定语, 相当于many,谓语动词用复数。【考例】 Look! Thereplaying with the

4、tourists on Square.A. are a nu mber of deerB. are a nu mber of shee pC. is a nu mber of deerD. is a nu mber of shee p答案：A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number ofdeer,是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）The nu mber ofin our classfifty. （2004山东烟台）A. stude nt, isB. the students, are C. the students, isD. stude nts,

5、are命题立意:本题考查主谓一致的用法。试题解析:the number of后接复数名词，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选C。三、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单【考例】As the saying数形式。，”Where there is a will; there is a way."昆明市A. goB.goesC.goi ngD. went答案B .解析the saying为第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词用 goes但what从句作主语而表语是复数时，谓语动词常用复数。What we badly n eed here are exp erie need

6、 teachers.我们这里急需的是有经验的教师。四、and连接的两个单数名词作主语。【考例】Trees and flowers every year to make our countrymore beautiful.陕西省A. is plan tedB. was plan tedC. areplan tedD. were plan ted答案C.解析every year说明本句表示的是一般现在时的概念，去掉B、D项；trees and flowers表达复数意义，所以选 C项。五、表示时间、距离、金钱、体积或数字等的词语作主语且表示总量时，谓语动词用单数。【考例】-How much the

7、 shoes?-Five dollarseno ugh年青岛市A. is; isB are; isC. are; areD. is; are答案B .解析答案为B。 shoes作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形passed. （200天津）式；five dollars是一个整体，应按单数对待。How time flies! Ten yearsA. have B. has C. is D. are答案：B。该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。-There六、就近原则no milk in the fridge. Could you get some fo

8、r me,Dick?-All right, Mum.福州市A. isB. areC.wasD. were答案A .解析本题考查"there be”句型中be的数及时态,be在数上要与最近的主语保持一致.句子的主语是不可数名词，所以be应使用单数形式，B、D两项可以排除。Not only Jim but also his sistera few cities in the south since theycame to China 07 临沂市A. will visitB. has visitedC. have visitedD . visited答案B .解析本题既考查时态，又考查并

9、列连词n ot only. but also的用法。由时间状语si nee they came to Chi na可判断用现在完成时，排除A、D两项；not only. but also连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词要用“就近原则。Neither Jim nor his cous insto America, butof them knowthe country very well. 07 年潍坊市C has bee n; allA. have been a11 B. have been; bothD. has been; both 答案B .解析考查neither. . nor的用法，以及b

10、oth与all的区别。neithernor连接两个主语时，谓语用“就近原则” ，cousins是复数, 谓语用have been排除C和D项；指两者用both。主谓一致1. 语法一致的原则2. 意义一致的原则3. 邻近一致的原则谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致， 这叫做主谓致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和 就近一致原则。在英语中，谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上同主语保持一致，叫做 主谓一致。通常采用下列三个原则来处理，即：语法形式一致的原则、 逻辑意义一致的原则、就近（或毗邻）一致的原贝。、语法形式一致的原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。如：主语为单数形式，谓

11、语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几种情况:1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如:Much land has bee n deserted in this area in the p ast few yeO在过去的几年中，这个地区的许多土地已经沙化。To start smok ing is quite easy, but to give it up n eeds courag开始吸烟很容易，但是要戒烟却需要勇气。Read ing En glish n ews papers is a good way of impr

12、oving you En glish.阅读英文报纸是提高你英语水平的好方法。What you n eed most is to have a good slee 你所需要的就是好好睡觉。How you can get there is a p roblem .你怎么至U那儿去还是个问题。注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时，主句的谓语动词用复数 。例如:What I bought were three En glish books我 买的是三本英语书。What I say and do is (are)

13、 hel pful for you我所说的和做的对你是有帮助的。2、由and或both.a nc来连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。例如:Swimmi ng and walk ing are good exercises游 泳和散步都是好运动。He and I were classmates whe n we were at college.和我在上大学时是同学。Both John and Ann have got pen-frie nd约翰和安都有笔友。Both and Yang P ei like sports周兰和杨蓓都爱好体育。注意1）但是，并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓

14、语动词用单数形式（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）。例如:The man ager and secretary was abse nt at the meeti 经理兼书记没有出席会议。The man ager and the secretary are busy nov经理和书记现在都很忙。Their teacher and frie nd is Mr. Li他们的老师和朋友是李先生。2）由anc连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被 no, each, every或 many a，more than ond修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。例如:In our country every boy and

15、every girl has the right to receive educati on.在我们国家里，每个男孩和女孩都有权利受教育。Each man and each woma n is asked to help每个男士和妇女都被请来帮忙。Many a stude nt is hav ing p ractice in that factory.许多学生正在那家工厂实习。More tha n one stude nt is in terested in the boo不 止一个学生对这本书感兴趣。注意在“ more than one单数名词”作主语时，若在 There be句型中，亦可用

16、复数。如:There is/are more tha n one man here.这儿不止一个人。3、如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有(together) with, as well as, like, but, except, besides including, no less than, rather than ,as much as more than, along with in addition to等介词短语，其谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，则谓语动词也用复数。例如:An En glish teacher together with some stude nts has cl

17、imbed to the top ofthe mou ntai n.位英语老师和几个学生已经爬到了山顶。Mary as well as her frie nds likes this pai nting 玛丽和她的朋友都喜欢这幅画。No one exce pt my close friends knows anything about this matte除 了我的亲密朋友谁也不知道这件事。She, like you and Tom, is very tall像你和汤姆那样她很高。4、不定代词 each, either, neither 禾口由 some, any, no, every构成的复

18、合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如:Each (of us) takes a cup of coffee 我们)每人喝一杯咖啡。Every one knows smoki ng cigarettes is bad for health大 家都知道吸烟不利于身体健康。Nothi ng is to be done没有什么要干的事。Everybody obeys the school rules; an ybody who breaks the rules ispuni shed每个人必须遵守学校规则，任何人违反了规则将受到惩罚。2)若后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词

19、是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。例如:None of the sugar was left没 有剩下什么糖了。None of us has (have) bee n to America.；们中没有人去过美国。5.不定代词none以及由"none/either/neither+ of +复数合词（或代词）"构成的短语作主语时，谓语用单复数均可，这取决于说话人的意思。当说话人着眼于“每一个都不 .”或“两个中的任何一个都不.”时，谓语动词用单数；当说话者着眼于“所有的都不”或“两个中的全部都不.”时，谓语动词用复数。例如:None know when that was

20、.强调所有的人）没人知道这是什么时候的事。None is so good as he强调每一个人）没有人像他那么好。No ne of them have / has a ca他们都没有小汽车。（他们没有一个人有小汽车。）Neither of them know / knows the an swer他 们两个全都不知道答案。（他们两个人谁也不知道答案。）Neither of the article is (are ) in terest ing其中没有哪篇文章有趣。Neither of them have rep lied.他们两个谁也没有答复。Neither of them has rep

21、lied.他们两个谁也没有答复。5、在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数，应与句中先行词的数一致。例如:It soun ded like a train which/that was going un der my house那声音听起来就像有一列火车从我的房子底下开过似的。People who study the thi nk that there will be ano ther big one soo研究地震的人认为不久将还有一次大的地震。The horse which is tied to the tree bel ongs to Joh拴在

22、树上的那匹马是约翰的。Those who want to go on a journey pl ease sig n your n ame her要 去旅游的请把名字签在这儿。Some of the en ergy that is used by man comes from the su被人 类使用的一些能源来自太阳。注意在以“one of the+复数名词”为先行词的定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；但如果“ one of the +复数名词”这个结构前有the only之类的修饰语时，其从句的谓语动词用单数。如:This is one of the questi ons th

23、at have bee n asked by the studer这是学生提出的许多问题的一个。Bob is one of my friends who are hel ping me with En glish 鲍勃是帮助我英语的朋友之一。He is the only one of the officers who was in vited to the ball here .他是办公室唯一收到邀请参加舞会的人。6、“ a lot of (lots of, plenty of,a head o,hea ps o, the rest(majority) of , some(many, anym

24、ore, most, all等)of+ +名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。例如:Some of us do n ot know much about the theatre 们中有一些人还不太懂得戏剧。Some （of the sugar） is wet.有些（糖）是湿的。Most of the stude nts in our class are league.我们班上大多数学生是团员。Most of the food tastes delicious.大多数食物味道很好。Half of the work is left unfinished. 一

25、半的工作没有完成。Half of the app les are give n to the children一 半的苹果送给孩子们。Lots of damage was caused by smoki n许多损害是由吸烟引起的。Ple nty of En glish books are on the shel许多英语书在书架上。注意：1）all单独作主语表示“人”时，谓语用复数；表示“整个事件或事情”时，谓语用单数。 如:All are prese nt.所有的人都出席了。（表人）All is well. 一切都好。（表示整个事情或情况）2） “a number of+M数名词”作主语时，谓

26、语动词用复数形式；“Thenumber of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如:A large nu mber of buildi ngs were burnt dow n 许多楼房被毁了。A nu mber of stude nts in our class are out by the lak我 们班有些学生至 U湖边去了。The number of stude nts in our school is 250（我们学校的学生人数是 2500名。The nu mber of books on wome n p ublished in Chi na is growi ng在中国,

27、有关妇女书籍出版数目在增加。The nu mber of wagg ing dan ces per minute told the exact dista nee to thefeedi ng place每分钟摆尾的次数表明了到喂食处的精确距离。7、由“分数或百分数+of +名词（或代词）”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。例如:Two thirds of the cou ntry is dry or desert这个国家的三分之二的地方气候干燥或者是沙漠地区。Two thirds of the people p rese nt are aga inst t

28、he pla在场的三分之二的人反对这个计划。More tha n 70 p erce nt of the surface of our earth is covered by water.们 J地球的70%的表面被水所覆盖。30 percent of the students in our class are girl我们班的 30%是女生。8、女口果主语是由“ a kind of,或this/that kind of, a series ( a species)of , a pair of等 +名词”构成谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如:This kind of men is dan gerou

29、s 这种人是危险的。Is this kind of car made in Sha nghai这种汽车是上海制造的吗?There is a ki nd of rose in his garden他 的花园里有玫瑰花。This kind of apple/apples is rather expen sive.这种苹果相当贵。That kind of snake/snakes is dangerous. 那种蛇很危险。注意但"there/those kinds of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。如:There kinds of tests are good .这种测试很好。T

30、hose kinds of apple trees have not yet grow n up 另E种苹果树还没有长。如果种类不是一种而是多种，谓语动词应为复数。例如There are many kinds of p ears有 很多种梨子。二、逻辑意义一致原则，即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。常见的有以下几种情况:1、表示总称意义形单意复的名词，如peo ple, police, cattle等作主语时，只当作复数看待，谓语在任何情况下都用复数。如:Cattle are one cause of the p roblen造成戈壁滩的原因之一是牲畜问题。The P olice

31、are search ing for a murderer in that mou ntai 警察正在山中搜寻一名杀人犯。2、以集体名词 army, class, enemy, family, government, group, teamcrew，crowd，public等集体名词作主语时，谓语应视其情况而用不同形式：当作主语被看作一个整体时，谓语用单数，如果被看成是其中的个体成员时，谓语就用复数。如:Our class is better tha n any other classes at p lay ing basketball in ourschool.在打篮球方面，我们班胜过我们学

32、校的任何一个班。Our class are playing a basketball match tomorrow. 我们班同学明天要举行一场篮球赛。Our family is not poor any more.我们家已经不再贫困了。My family all sp eak the In tuit Ian guage .我一家人都讲因努伊特语。注意population单独使用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而前面有some,most或与分数、百分数连用作主语时，则谓语动词用复数形式。例如:Most of the pop ulation of the city are workers 这个城市人口的

33、大多数是工人。One third of the popu lati on now smoke 三分之一的人口在吸烟。The popu latio n in our country is very large, and eighty p erce nt of the population are farmers我们国家人口众多，而80%的人口是农民。3、当一些有两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，女口 glasses, trousers（裤子），shoes，chop sticks（筷子），goods （货物），scissors（剪刀），socks, compasse

34、（圆规）但如果这些名词前有a pair of，等量词修饰时，（clothes被修饰a suitof），谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如:Your trousers n eed washi ng.你的裤子该洗了。My glasses are new.我的眼镜是新的。A p air of comp ass is an in strume nt for draw ing circles 圆规是画圆的工具。A p air of new shoes is in your suitcases 双新鞋在你的手提箱里。Two p airs of socks are eno ugh for me.对我来说，两双袜子

35、就足够了。4、由“pair, piece of +名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词与pair, piece等词保持一致与后的代词、名词无关。例如:There is a p air of shoes left只 剩下一双鞋。The pi eces of stone were the n carried to the new p lace for the temp所.有的石块被运到新建寺庙的地方。5、当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等数词短语作主语,如:根据意义一致原则，通常被看作一个整体，其谓语用单数。Twenty years is a long time to us.对于我们来说，20年

36、是一段很长的时间。One thousa nd pounds is a lot of mon ey一 千英镑是很大一笔钱。6. 某些形复意单的名词（如表示人名、地名、国名及组织、书籍、报刊等名称的专有名词和学科名词等）作主语，谓语用单数。 如:Physics is a difficult subject to lear n, I thi nk.我想，物理是一门难学的目。The United States is in North America.美国在北美洲。The America n film True Lies was directed by a world-famous director美国

37、影片真实的谎言是由一位世界著名的导演导演的。7、如果主语由“ the+形容词（分词）”担任时，往往根据意义一致原则，来决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。如果表示一类人时，谓语动用复数形式；如果指个人或抽象概念时，则谓语动词用单数形式。例如:The old is take n good care of in our country.在我们国家老人受至 U很好的照顾。The sick is one of the stude nts in our class 那位病人是我们班的一个学生。The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。8名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况，一般只指商店、公共建筑物、住宅等，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。例如:The baker's is on the side of the street!发馆在街道的另一边。My un cle's is n ot very far from here.我叔叔的家离这儿不太远。9、数词作主语时，谓语用单数，但有四则运算中，谓语单、复数均可。如:Ten is a round nu mber.