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1、冠词一、定冠词和不定冠词的用法详解. 定冠词 the ,基本含义是 “这个,那个 ”,表示特指。例: the flower那朵花 the E-mail那个电子邮件2. 不定冠词 a 和 an ,基本含义是 “一、一个 ”,表示泛指。例: a flower一朵花an E-mail一个电子邮件二、不定冠词1 表示 “一,一个 ”,用在单数可数名词前例: There is a picture on the wall.墙上有一幅图画。He has an apple in his hand.他手里拿着一个苹果。提示:a 和 an 的区别a 用在辅音音素前,包括以前元音 j 、w 开首的词前,注意,这里讲

2、的辅音音素指的是发音,不是指辅音字母。an 用在元音音素前 (不是元音字母 ),例:a hotel一家旅馆a knife一把小刀a useful tool一件有用的工具a university一所大学a European country一个欧洲国家a one-eyed man一个一目失明的人an hour一小时an ant一只蚂蚁an honor一种荣誉an honest boy一个诚实的男孩an umbrella一把伞an onion一个洋葱an eye一只眼睛an ear一只耳朵an English book 一本英语书an egg一只鸡蛋an apple一个苹果an island一座岛a

3、n uncle一位叔叔1/10冠词2 表示一类人或物,指同类中的任何一个,a 或 an 不必翻译例 Even a child can answer this question.就是小孩子也能回答这个问题。An elephant is stronger than a horse.大象比马力气大。A teacher must be strict with his students.教师必须对学生严格要求。3 第一次提到某人或某物第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词a 或 an ,起介绍作用。例: A girl wants to see you.一位姑娘要见你。On a cold evening a

4、stranger came to my house.在一个寒冷的晚上,一个陌生人来到我的住处。4 表示身份、职业不定冠词用于单数名词前表示身份、职业,尤其用在作表语或补足语的名词前。例: She is a high school teacher. Her name is Li Fang.她是一位中学教师,名叫李芳。The Whites wanted their daughter to be a musician.怀特夫妇想要他们的女儿成为音乐家。提示:表示职位,头衔,称呼的名词,在句中做主语补足语 ,宾语补足语,同位语时不加冠词。Zhang Fei, monitor of their clas

5、s, is good at English.张飞是他们的班长,英语很棒。5 用于专有名词前,表示不认识某人例: A Zhang called you just now.一位姓张的刚才给你打电话。2/10冠词A Mr. Smith wanted to see you.有位史密斯先生想要见你。6 不定冠词用在表示数量、 长度、时间等的计数单位的名词前,表示 “每一 ”例: We have three meals a day.我们每天吃三顿饭。They met each other once a month.他们每月会面一次。The car moved 100 miles an hour.这辆小汽车

6、以每小时100 英里的速度行驶。The envelopes are one yuan a dozen.信封一打是一元钱。Amily goes to see her grandmother twice a week.爱米莉每周去看奶奶两次。7. 使抽象名词具体化The little girl is a help to her mother. (a help意为“助手” )8. 有些物质名词,如: rain, snow, fog ,wind, tea, coffee等,其前有形容词修饰时,形容词前加不定冠词。如: What a heavy rain!Longjing is a wonderful

7、tea.9. 有些不可数名词如: knowledge,understanding 等是由其动词转化而来的,后面加 of 时,前面常用不定冠词。如: A knowledge of first aid can make a real difference in anemergency.10. a/an + 序数词,不表示排序“第几”,而是表示“再一/又一”Can you give me a second chance,please?11. 表示“同样的”They are of an age.他们是同岁。3/10冠词12. 与某些物质名词或抽象名词连用,表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵, ”如:a

8、 surprise一件令人惊讶的事 ;a success一个 (件 )成功的人/(事);a green tea一种绿茶 ;a heavy rain一场 (阵 )大雨13. 用在某些固定词组中。have a swim/walk/talk/dance/lookhave a good timehave a cold,keep a diary, in a hurry, once in a while等三定冠词的用法(1)特指上文提到过的人或事物。如: I have bought a book. The book is very useful.(2)用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如: Clos

9、e the window, please.(3) 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如:the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。(4)用于表示方位的名词之前。如: in the east, on the right(5)用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如: the first, the tallest(6)用于形容词之前,使其名词化,表示一类人。如: the sick, the wounded(7)用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如:the United States, the United Nation(8)用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等

10、的名词之前。如:the Changjiang River, the East Lake(9)用于复数姓氏之前,表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如: The Smiths4/10冠词(10) 用于作为课程或演奏等的西洋乐器名词前如: play the piano; play the violin(11) 用于表示计量单位的名词前。如: by the day(month)按日 (月 ),by the yard(foot)按码 (英尺 )(12) 用于年代、朝代、时代名词前。如: in the 1970s, the Tang Dynasty。(13) 用于某些固定词组中。in the morning(aft

11、ernoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time 。四零冠词的情况:(1)不含普通名词的专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前,一般不加冠词。如: China , America, Smith。(2) 可数名词前有物主代词、 指示代词、名词所有格等限制时, 不加冠词。如:I like this picture;Einsteinstheory(3)非特指的季节、月份、星期三餐以及含day 的节日前一般不加冠词。March, May Day, National Day, Childrens Day, Womens Day ,ha

12、ve supper(4)呼语前不用冠词。如: What shall I do next, Mother?(5)表示独一无二的头衔职务、职务名词作表语、同位语或补足语时,一般不加冠词。如: We elected him president of our university. They are workers.(6)学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。如:5/10冠词Do you study physics?He likes playing football/chess.(7)表示泛指或者一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、 专有名词、复数名词等之前Knowledge begins with prac

13、tice.Teachers should be respected.(8) 在与 by 连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。如:by car, by bus, by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land(9) 连系动词 turn 后的表语单数可数名词前不用冠词。如:The young worker has turned writer。(10)no 与 such 连用时应放在 such 之前, such 后面的名词前不用冠词。如:No such thing has ever happened in this village。(11)as, though 引导的倒装的让

14、步状语从句中的表语 (单数可数名词名词 )置于句首时不用冠词。如: child as he is, he knows a lot。(12) 某些固定词组中不用冠词。husband and wife,brother and sister,body and soul,day and night,knife and fork,young and old,arm in arm,hand in hand,side by side,go to school,leave school,in prison,at work,on foot,from door to door, from morning till

15、 night,year after year,step by step(13) 用于某些独立结构中The teacher came in, book in hand.老师走了进来,手里拿了本书。四、注意事项1. 在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同。go to school去上学in hospital住院 (因病 )6/10冠词go to the school去学校in the hospital在医院 (工作、参观等 )in front of在前面,指某物体之外in the front of在前部,指某物之内2.冠词的活用情况(1) 表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般加定冠词the; 但如果名词前

16、有修饰语,来表示“怎样的”时也可用不定冠词。如:the world, a peaceful world;the moon, a bright moon。(2) 表示一日三餐的名词前一般不用冠词,但前面如果有定于修饰,也可用不定冠词。如: I had a wonderful supper yesterday。(3) 表示乐器的名词前一般用定冠词,但如果该名词作为普通名词,也可用不定冠词。如: This is a piano and it is the king of musical instruments。(4) 形容词最高级前、序数词前也可用不定冠词。形容词最高级前加不定冠词表示“十分、非常”

17、之意,相当于very 。如:It is a most useful book。Id like a third apple.(5) 表示语言的前一般不用冠词,但后面如果出现 language 一词,前面需加定冠词 the 。如: English=the English language(6)牢记高考中常见的纯不可数名词。它们是information, fun, weather, progress, advice,news ,word(=news),furniture,equipment等,均不可与不定冠词连用。3. 冠词的位置问题(1) 不定冠词 + 副词 + 形容词 + 名词。如:This i

18、s a very interesting story。(2)such 、 what 、both 、all 、quite 、rather + 不定冠词 +形容词 +名词。Ive never seen such a film!What a good idea it is!(3)as 、so 、too 、how 、however 、enough+ 形容词 +不定冠词 +名词。7/10冠词I can tfinish the task in so short a time。He is brave enough a hunter to kill the bear。(4)half 、twice 、 thre

19、e times、all 、 both 、 double + the +名词。如:He paid twice the price for it。Their house is three times the size of yours。一、定冠词的用法口诀特指双熟悉,上文已提及;世上独无二,序数最高级;某些专有名,习语及乐器。二、不用冠词用法口诀下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前;专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭;复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前;颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。1There is _ old bike _ old bike is Mr Zhao'sA an ;TheB the ;

20、AnC a; TheD the ;The 2 _ apple a day keeps the doctors aw ayA TheB AC AnD Two3At that time Tom was _ one-year-old babyA aB anC theD 4We can't see _ sun at _ nightA the ; theB the ;C a;D ;5One afternoon he found _ handbagThere was _“s ”on the corner of _ handbagA a; an ;theB a;a;theC an ;an ;anD

21、the ; a;8/10冠词6 _ Great Wall is _ longest wall in the worldA A; aB The ; theC A; theD The ;a7They passed our school _ day before yesterdayA anB oneC aD the8 Australia is _ English-speaking countryA aB anC theD 9 Look at _ horse over thereA aB anC theD 10 Don't play _ basketball hereIt's dang

22、erousA aB anC D the11 Beijing is _ beautiful cityIt's _ capital of ChinaA a; aB the ;theC ; theD a; the12 Bill is _ English teacherHe likes playing _ footballA a;theB an ;theC a;D an ;13 The museum is quite farIt will take you half _ hour to get there by _ busA an ;B an ;aC a;D ;1-5 ACABA 6-10 B

23、DBCC 11-13DDA1.There is _ apple on the desk.A. aB .the C. an D./2.The girl under _ tree is my sister.A. aB .theC .an D./3.Mary is from _ USA.A. aB. theC. an D./4.He met _ friend of his on the road.A. aB .theC .an D./5.Mr Black will go back to England_.A .by air B .by a planeC. by trains D. at a train6.Yesterday I went to work on foot.A. /,/B./, theC .the, / D. the, the9/10冠词7.There is“ h” in the word “hour ”, but “ h”doesntmake a sound.A. a , a B. a, theC. the, , an D .an. the8.I m going to see my mother. She is il

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