陈琦戈弋GRE长难句300例unit17

1、1. They posit that biological distinctions between the sexes result in a necessary sexual division of labor in the family and throughout society and they posit that womens procreative labor is currently undervalued by society, to the disadvantage of women.他们认为男女之间的生理差异导致了家庭和社会中必要的性别分工：他们还认为目前社会没有充分尊

2、重女性的生殖能力，这对女性来说是不利的。2. His thesis works relatively well when his thesis is applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as “racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competi

3、tion,” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.他的理论在某种程度地上能够解释美国社会中针对黑人的歧视现象。但是，他将种族歧视定义为“在某一个地区的种族竞争中，一个种族以种族差异为理由，对另一个种族产生的消极看法”，这种定义也可以用来解释对于一个种族的敌对态度，例如美国加州针对中国人的偏见和中世纪欧洲对犹太人的偏见。3. If one begins by exam

4、ining why ancients refer to Amazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical factreal Amazonian societiesbut ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant rather to offer “moral lessons” on the supposed outc

5、ome of womens rule in their own society.如果我们开始审视古希腊人开始提及亚马逊人的原因，这一点便清晰易懂，那就是古希腊人描绘亚马逊人的社会形态不是太多的为了反映一个被观察到的历史事实真实的亚马逊人社会，而是为了提供一个“道德教训”来告诫他们自己的社会中女性当权所可能出现的后果。4. Unless they succeed, the yield gains of the Green Revolution will be largely lost even if the genes in legumes that equip those plants to

6、enter into a symbiosis with nitrogen fixers are identified and isolated, and even if the transfer of those gene complexes, once they are found, becomes possible.除非他们取得成功，否则绿色革命的成果将会功亏一篑即使我们能够辨认和分离出豆科植物中那些能够让植物与固氮生物产生共生关系得到基因，或者说，即使我们能够成功找到并成功移植上述这些基因综合体。5. A critique of Handlins interpretation of wh

7、y legal slavery did not appear until the 1660s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined, and suggests that explanations for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded.为什么合法的奴隶制度在17世纪60年代之前并未出现呢？H

8、andlin 对此问题的解释受到了批评，批评认为，奴隶制与种族偏见之间存在关系的假设有待商榷，而且认为对于美国北方与南方在黑人奴隶待遇上存在分歧的解释应该被拓展。6. There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate social relationships either between those who are involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need and those who are not simultaneously involved

9、 in the satisfaction of a bodily need, or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging.已经有很多人尝试从不合体统的社会关系的角度来解释这些禁忌，这些社会关系既可以存在于那些肉体欲望得到满足与那些欲望没有得到满足的人之间，也可以存在于那些欲望已经得到满足与那些正在恬不知耻的、狼吞虎咽的满足自己食欲的人之间。7. Traditionally, pollination by winds has been viewed as a reproducti

10、ve process marked by random events in which the vagaries of the wind are compensated for by the generation of the vast quantities of pollen, so that the ultimate production of new seeds is assured at the expense of producing much more pollen than is actually used.风媒传粉曾经被视为一个充满了随机事件的生殖过程，在这些随机事件中，植物会

11、产生大量的花粉来弥补风向不定（所消耗的花粉），因此尽管这要比实际需要产生更多的花粉，但能够保证新种子的最终产量。8. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880s created a new class of “dead-end” jobs, thencefor

12、th considered as “womens work”.并不是由于办公室技术进步了，而是由于先前被视为由初级经理负责的秘书工作从管理工作中分离出来，从而才在19世纪80年代产生了一个“没有职业发展前景”的新职位，从此之后，这个职位就被认为“专属女性的工作”。9. With regard to this last question, we might note in passing that Thompson, while Thompson is rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of eighteen-century Engli

13、sh history, has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general: for example, laboring people in eighteen-century England readily shifted from home-brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries.关于最后一个问题，

14、我们也许需要顺便注意这样一个事实：尽管Thompson使得劳动阶层回归到18世纪的英国历史舞台，但是，他也许片面夸大了劳动人民普遍反对资本主义消费观的侵入：比如在18世纪，英格兰地区的劳动人民很容易改变自己消费啤酒的习惯，从原先消费家酿啤酒，到后来消费由大型的、高度资本主义化的城市酿酒商制造的标准化生产的啤酒。10. It can be inferred from the passage that a historian who wished to compare crime rates per thousand in a Europe city in one decade of the fi

15、fteenth century with crime rates per thousand in a Europe city in another decade of that century would probably be most aided by better information about which of the following?如果一位历史学家想要比较欧洲同一个城市在15世纪中某一个十年与另一个十年每千人犯罪率的差别，那么从文章中可以推断，下列哪个选项最能帮助这位历史学家作出比较？11. If she defines feminist criticism as obje

16、ctive and scientifica valid, verifiable, intellectual method that anyone, whether man or woman, can performthe definition not only precludes the critic-as-artist approach, but the definition may also impede accomplishment of the utilitarian political objectives of those who seek to change the academ

17、ic establishment and who seek to change its thinking, especially about sex roles.如果她将女性主义文学评论定义成是客观的，而且是一门科学；不论性别，人们都可以掌握这种有效的、可检验的、理论性评论方法，这个定义不仅否认了文学评论是一门艺术这一观点，而且也阻碍了那些寻求改变学术界已有规矩和思维方式的人，也别是那些想要改变学术界对性别作用的看法以实现功利主义的政治目标的人。12. Even the requirement that biomaterials processed from these materials s

18、hould be nontoxic to host issue can be met by techniques derived from studying the reactions of tissue cultures to biomaterials or derived from short-term implants.通过研究组织培养对这些生物材料的反映，以及通过研究短期移植，我们就可以获得满足以下要求的技术：把材料加工成生物材料，同时使这些生物材料对寄主组织无害。13. This doctrine has broadened the application of the Fourte

19、enth Amendment to other nonracial forms of discrimination, for while some justice have refused to find any legislative classification other than race to be constitutionally disfavored, most have been receptive to arguments that at least some nonracial discriminations, sexual discrimination in partic

20、ular, are “suspect” and some nonracial discriminations deserve this heightened scrutiny by the courts.这个学说扩大了第十四修正案的适用范围，使得第十四修正案适用于其他非种族因素所造成的歧视。这是因为：虽然一些法官并不认为其他非种族因素所造成的歧视是违宪的，但是大部分法官还是认为至少有一些非种族因素造成的歧视，尤其是性别歧视，都是值得“被怀疑的”，也值得法庭加强对此类歧视的审查。14. The isotopic composition of lead often varies from one source of common copper ore to another source of common copper ore, with variations exceeding the measu