虚拟语气小结(A)

1、 虚拟语气小结（A）一、 详细解析。1、 虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话与事实不符或实现的可能性很小，表示一种主观愿望、假设、猜测等。2、 从句和主句形式句式 条件从句 主句 （时间）与现在事实相反 主语+过去式（be 用were） 主+wouldshouldcouldmight+v原与过去事实相反 主语+had+done 主+wouldshouldcouldmight+v原与将来事实相反 主语+过去式/were+to do/ Should+V原例如:与现在事实相反：if I had the time，I would go to the coffee with you。（in fact，I hav

2、e no time）与过去事实相反：if he had caught the first bus this morning，he wouldnt have been late for the class.与将来事实相反：if he came in an hour,I would(should)go to see you with him .If he were to come this Sunday,I might be free to discuss it with him.Ø 注意：were to do 比should do 表示的条件实现的可能性更小。If the sun_ri

3、se in the west,my love for you would be unchanged. （ c ）A should B were C were to D shall注意：在同一个句子中，要表示条件句中的一致性：主句和从句不能一部分表示真实条件，另一部分表示非真实条件。如：If I know the truth,I willshall tell you.如果我知道真相，我就告诉你了。(表示真实条件，主从句内用陈述语气)If I knew the truth,I wouldshould tell you.我要是知道真相就告诉你了。(表示非真实条件，从主句均用虚拟语气)3、 其他条件的

4、条件句。1） 错综时间条件句，条件从句和主句时态不一致时，动词的形式要根据具体时间做相应调整 。过去现在 if you had not stayed up late last night,you shouldnt be so sleepy now.现在将来 if you didnt make up your mindat the moment,you might regret in tne future.现在过去 if I give a party this evening,I should have let you know a wek ago.过去将来 if he had started

5、writing last month,he would finish it at the end of this morning .2)省略if 的条件句，如果条件从句的谓语动词含有系动词were，助动词had或should ，可将if 省略，；而把were ，had或should移到主语前，构成倒装结构。如：Had the workers detected signs of a forthcoming action of the gas well in time ,fewer people would lost their lives .Should he be free tomorrow,

6、he would go to the Summer Palace with us.Were you to fly to Guangzhou next Sunday ,I should by an air ticket for you .3)含蓄条件句有时候用介词短语或有关副词和连词代替虚拟语气的条件句，有时通过上下句或其他方式来表示。如：We could not succed without their help .=we couldnt succeed if it werent for their help.Give him an inch ,he would want a foot.=if

7、 you give him an inch ,he would want a foot.4)有时用suppose，supposing（that），on condition that，unless等 引起虚拟条件句。如：Supposesupposing you couldnt type on the computers,what would you do?All my property(财产)would be yours on condition that you married me.“惟恐，以免，以防万一”。谓语动词用“（should+）V原He always speeks loudly l

8、est (should)be misunderstood.The game would be postpond in case it snows.6)虚拟条件句得主句可以是疑问句，感叹句或祈使句。If he should fail again,what should I do ?If you knew the reason,how simple it would appear !If TOM should fail this time ,tell him to try again .+虚拟语气小结 B +（某些从句的虚拟语气）1、 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1） 用在if only 引导的从句

9、中，if only 意为“如果只要是就好了”。相当于“it would be (have been) good if”if only引导的句子中谓语动词用虚拟语气，其形式与wish后的宾语从句中的谓语动词形式相同。如：If only I were you.If only we hadnt wasted the time.If only we would be able to attened the conference. 2)用在表示“要求，建议，命令，决定”等意义的词后面的宾语从句中，这类动词后的宾语从句中，用“（should ）+V原”主要有ask,demand,desire,requir

10、e,insist（坚持）,request（要求）等。Suggest,propose,advise,recommend,urge,move等。Order,command等.decide,determine等。Arrange等。如： The examination instructions ask that the students (should)not use a pencil.He suggested that a meeting (should)be held to discuss the issue.He insisted that his daughter(should)apply f

11、or a job in the university.注意：A、当suggest 做“暗示，说明”讲时，宾语从句中的谓语动词用陈述语气。例如：Her pale face suggested that she id ill.B、当inist做“坚持认为，坚持说”时，宾语从句中的谓语动词用陈述语气。例如：She insisted that she had done nothing wrong and should be set free.2虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 虚拟语气在主语从句中用时，通常以it为形式主语。谓语动词常用should do 形式。Should 常省略。主要用于以下结：its

12、necessary(important,desirable,strange,natural,proper等adj.)that；its suggested(requested,required,ordered,proposed等)that如：Its necessary that every (should) attend the meeting .在“its a pitty (a shame,strange,no wonder,incredible)that”结构后的主语中，谓语动词表达过去的动作，要用should do 的形式，这时should 表示出人意料，常译成“竟然”如：Its a pi

13、tty that he should be so careless.Its strange that he should pass the exam this time.3、虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法。这两种从句中的虚拟语气，通常用在表示“要求、建议、命令、决定”等的动词的相应的名词形式之后，如：suggestion，proposal,order,request,advice,decision 和plan ,idea ,desire等，从句的谓语动词形式多用（should）do的形式。如：Our suggestion is that we (should) go at once.

14、（表从）Its my desire that the whole familly (should )go home to our parents once a week. (同位) 4、 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用用法。1） 在as if though引导的方式状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气。如：He speaks English as if he were an English .He spoke as thoughif he had been there before.注意：如果说话人讲的事与事实相符，as if后用陈述语气。It looks as if its going to rain .2)由so that,in order that 引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词常用“may ,might(can ,could)+动词原形”如：we should speak more so that (In order that )we can improve our english quickly.5、虚拟语气在“its （highabout）time that”后的定语从句中，从句的谓语动词常用过去式，有时可用“should+动词原形