虚拟语气总复习

1、虚拟语气 虚拟语气一直都被认为是英语学习中的一个难点，因此也便成为了各类考试的热点。现就虚拟语气的一些问题归纳如下，以帮助解决拟语气这个语法难点。 一、 动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1 用wish表示现在的祝愿和报歉。 其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be用were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例：I wish the were at home this time. 2 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。 其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时或could 现在完成时。例：I wish I hadn' t hurt him so much。 3 用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。 其

2、句子结构为宾语从句的谓语为would/could/might 动词原形。例：I wish I might be able to come tomorrow 。 二、 用在一般虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气 （一） 表示与现在、过去、将来事实相反的假设 1 与现在事实相反的假设。 其句子结构为： 从句：if+主语+动词的过去式（be变were）+其他 主句：主语+would(should, could, might)+动词原形+其他 例：If I were you, I would go with him. 2 与过去事实相反的假设。 其句子结构为： 从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他 主句：主语+sh

3、ould(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他。例：If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam. 3表示对将来事实实现的可能性不大的假设。 其句子结构为： 从句：If+主语+should (were to ) 动词原形+其他 主句：主语 would (could, should, might) 动词原形 例：If he were to go tomorrow. He might tell you. (二) 从句和主句要根据各自发所生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式 1 从句表示过去，主

4、句表示现在。 If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now. 2 从句表示将来，主句表示过去。 If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night。3 从句表示过去，主句表示将来。 If we hadn' t made adequate preparations, we shouldn' t

5、 dare to do the experiment next week。 4从句表示将来，主句表示现在。 If we shouldn' t have an exam this afternoon. I would go shopping now. 三、 可以引起与事实相反的方式状语从句，用虚拟语气 由as if、as though（好像）引起的与事实相反的句子，不论主句的谓语是现在时或者过去时，其谓语表示的时间概念和句子结构，都基本上与wish后的宾语从句相同。例： John pretends as if he didn' t know the thing at all, b

6、ut in fact he knows it very well. (用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设) The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago. （用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实） They talked and talked as if they would never meet again (would 动词原形，表示与将来事实相反) 四、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面，其宾语从句的谓语用“should 动词原形”表示虚拟语气 常用的此

7、类动词有： 表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg 表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：move, propose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote 表示“决定、命令”的：decide, order 表示“主张”的：maintain, urge 表示“同意、坚持”的：consent, insist 例：The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight. He insisted that we (should ) tell him the

8、 news. 上述动词的名词形式，demand, desire, requirment, advice, order, decision, recommendation, suggestion, 以及necessity, preference, plan, motion, idea等名词，其后的表语从句或同位语从句，也用“should 动词原形“表示虚拟语气。现代英语，特殊是美国英语，常省去“should”，例： The advice is that we (should) leave at once. He idea that we (should)visit Great Wall was

9、warmly welcomed. 五、在“It is (was) 形容词（或过去分词） that”结构中，主语从句的谓语也用“should 原形动词“表虚拟语气 美国英语中省去should, 常用的形容词和过去分词有： 表示“要求”的：required, demanded, requested, desired, desirable。 表示“建议”的：suggested, recommended, 表示“迫切、紧近、重要”的：imperative, urgent, necessary, essential, important, vital表示“适当、较好”的：appropriate, adv

10、isable, better, preferable 表示“可能”的：probable, possible 表示“命令”的：ordered 例：It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time. It is required that nobody (should)smoke here. 六、由下列名词或短语引导，或含有某些词的从句中应用的虚拟语气 1“Iest 以免、惟恐”引导的从句用“shuld 动词原形”。 He took a map with him lest he (should ) lose

11、his way there. 2“whether不管、无论”引导的让步状语从句，有时用动词原形。 All things, whether you know or don' t know, exist in the world. 3用“would rather/had rather/would just as soon"表示“宁愿、但愿”，后面的宾语从句谓语用过去式或动词原形表示对将来的要求，用过去时表示对现在的愿望，用过去完成时表示对过去做的事的懊悔。 Don' t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as

12、soon) you die. I would rather you go tomorrow. I would rather everything hadn' t happened in the past. 4用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would 动词原形”。 I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China. 5在“It is（high/about）time that”引导的定语从句

13、中，定语从句的主谓语用一般过去时，偶然也可以用would(或should) 动词原形，或had rather (would rather) 动词原形。 It is high time(正是时候) that we left/should leave/ had better leave/had rather leave/ were leaving.(留意与“This is the first/secondtime”后从句中用现在完成时的区别。 6用“without/but for（要不是）/in the absence of（缺乏。时）”表示“要不是”，“假如没有”（相当于if it were n

14、ot for）表示条件时，句中一般用虚拟语气。（也可用陈述语气） Without your help, I couldn' t finish my work on time. In the absence of water and air, nothing could live. 7由“providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that（如果）/ in order that”引导的条件从句或目的从句，根据情况，可用虚拟语气。（有时也可用陈述语气）They are willing surrender provided they are

15、given free passage. 8在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若有were, had, should, 在书面语中可省去if ,将were等提到主语前，形成倒装。 Should there be a good film tomorrow. I would go to the theatre with you. Were it not for your help. I wouldn' t be succeed. 虚拟语气专项练习 1. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove; didnt g

16、et B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got D 2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken C 3.were it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.

17、A. Were B. Should C. WouldD. Will 4. Janes face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has 5. Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. isB. will be C. would have been D. would b

18、e 6. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I _ for her. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out 7. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 8. -I

19、f he _, he _ that food. -Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warmed; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken 9. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would

20、 be C. have been D. had been 10. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _, too cold for us to live. A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly 1-10 DCBBD CDBDA 11. -Have you ever been to Beijing? -No, but I wish I _. A.

21、 haveB. will C. doD. had 12. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 13. If I _ you, I would ask him to stay. A. was B. would beC. were D. am 14. If it hadnt rained last Sunday, we _ picnicking. A. could goB. could have

22、 gone C. wentD. would go 15. Everybody would be very happy if the hot summer _ tomorrow. A. should finish B. would finish C. were to be finished D. finishes 16. If only I _ your advice! A. had takenB. took C. would take D. have taken 17. If it _ yesterday, we could play football on the sports ground

23、 now. A. didnt snow B. hasnt snowed C. hadnt snowed D. werent snowing. 18. If he came here at this moment, I _ him. A. would criticize B. will criticizeC. shall criticize D. were to criticize 19. I wish I _ the meeting last week. A. could attend B. attended C. have attended D. could have attended 20

24、. Hes always talking like that, as if the whole world _to him alone. A. had belonged B. belonged C. were belonging D. were belonged 11-20 DCCBA ACADB 21. The TV play for tonight wont be interesting. Even if it _, I might not have time for it. A. would be B. be C. had beenD. were 22. Without your hel

25、p, I _ in my English study. A. would not have succeeded B. hadnt succeeded C. will not succeed D. wont have succeeded 23. The workers in France demanded that the their pay _ from the following week on. A. would be raised B. was raisedC. be raised D. raised 24. My suggestion is that we _ the sports m

26、et. A. would put offB. should put off C. putted offD. be put off 25. The monitor made a proposal that the whole class _the matter. A. discussed B. would discuss C. be discussed D. discuss 26. It is necessary that our drinking water _ cleaner. A. should be made B. is made C. would be made D. was made

27、 27. It is high time that our child _ to do some housework. A. learned B. learn C. will learn D. would learn 28. They stopped at Hangzhou so that they _ the West Lake. A. will visit B. can visit C. may visit D. might visit 29. _ it _ for your help, I couldnt have make any progress. A. Were; not B. H

28、ad; not been C. Should; not been D. Did; be 30. You are late again. You _ here earlier. A. should come B. will come C. should have come D. will have come 31. Dont come this afternoon. Id rather you _ tomorrow. A. come B. to comeC. cameD. will come 32. He took his raincoat with him lest it _. A. rain

29、ed B. should rain C. would rainD. will rain 33. John was very busy last week, otherwise, he _ to attend the meeting. A. would have come B. would comeC. should come D. came 34. _ I to tell her about it, she would be very glad. A. Should B. Would C. WereD. Might 35. Without sunlight or water or air, t

30、here _ no life on the earth. A. will haveB. would beC. should be D. must be 36. It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. A. is allowed B. be allowed C. should allow D. will be allowed 37. _ I known he was in trouble, I might have managed to help him. A. If B. When C. UnlessD. Had 38. You _ t

31、here by taxi yesterday, it is not far from here. A. couldnt have gone B. should have gone C. neednt have gone D. mustnt have gone 39. I would have gone there with you but I _ too tired then. A. wereB. had been C. was D. have been 40. -Did you go to see the football match yesterday? -No, I didnt feel

32、 well, but I would have gone if I _. A. did B. have C. would D. had 41. _the friendship between us last forever! A. Could B. Will C. May D. Wish 42. -Where have you been? -I got caught in traffic; _ I could have been here soon. A. otherwiseB. however C. thoughD. anyway 43. If my lawyer _ here last S

33、aturday, he _ me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented 44. If it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday. A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb C. had not been; could have climbed D. had no

34、t been; could climb 45. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study 46. -There were already five people in the car but they managed to(设法) take me as well. -It _ a comfortable journey. A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mus

35、tnt have been D. couldnt have been 47. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have leftD. neednt leave 48. _ your letter, I would have started off two days ago. A. If I received B. Should I receive C. If I could have received D. Ha

36、d I received 49. It is strange that she _ so. A. thinkB. thinks C. will think D. thought 50. He suggested that the meeting _ put off. A. not be B. should not C. wouldntD. be not 51. She would rather _ more money on books _ on clothes. A. cost; not B. to spare; dont C. pay; than D. spend; than 52. Wh

37、at would have happened if you _ her child? A. hadnt helped B. couldnt helpC. wouldnt help D. didnt help 53. If I _ with her last summer, I _ with her now. A. worked; am getting on very wellB. had worked; would get on very well C. had worked; would have got on very well D. had worked; will get on ver

38、y well 54. The old professor gave orders that the experiment _ before 6. A. was finished B. will finis C. be finished D. shall be finished 55. The thief closed his eyes _ he _ dying. A. even if; was B. though; would be C. when; had been D. as if; were 56. I wish _ my uncle yesterday. A. had met B. w

39、ould met C. met D. have met 57. Without his help, we _ such rapid progress. A. dont make B. wouldnt make C. didnt make D. wouldnt have made 58. _ so busy, she would come to help you. A. Should my daughterB. Was my daughter not C. If my daughter were not D. If my daughter isnt 59. If you _ any proble

40、m, please dont hesitate to ask your teacher. A. haveB. would have C. are going to have D. will have 60. What do you think of the suggestion that she _ at the meeting last week? A. should make B. make C. made D. A or B 61. If only I _ to my parents advice? A. listeningB. listen C. am listening D. had

41、 listened 62. But for the snow, we _ earlier. A. will arrive B. should have arrived C. arrive D. arrived 63. Heres an umbrella in case you _ it. A. should use B. needed C. needingD. to need 64. It is natural that he _ his mind. A. changes B. changing C. change D. to change 65. It is a pity Mr. Zhang

42、 isnt here. If he _, my parents would be happier. A. comes B. has comeC. came D. had come 66. _ you succeed and _ you be healthy. A. May; may B. Wish; wish C. Hope; hope D. Should; may 67. Its high time he _ home. A. goes B. went C. will goD. is going to go 68. I hoped _ my letter. A. her to answer

43、B. that she would answer C. that she will answer D. her answering 69. I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I _ to the meeting. A. came B. would come C. had comeD. would have come 70. If she knew as much about music as you do, my daughter _ much better A. play B. must play C. will play D. would play

44、71. “Jane wants to see you tomorrow.” “I would rather she _ today than tomorrow.” A. comes B. should come C. come D. came 72. The secretary listened carefully _ he might discover exactly what she wanted. A. so as thatB. in case C. in order that D. providing 73. Supposing the weather _ bad, where wou

45、ld they go? A. will be B. is C. were D. be 74. Without the leadership of the Party, there _ no New China. A. would beB. has been C. was D. should be 75. The work would require that _ at 5 every morning. A. she has been there B. she was thereC. she be there D. she will be there 76. The little heros p

46、ale face suggested he _ dead. A. is B. was C. should beD. be 77. Galileo insisted that the earth _ round the sun. A. should move B. move C. moves D. A or B 78. The rice _ if you had been more careful. A. wouldnt be burning B. would not burn C. wouldnt have been burnt D. would not burnt 79. _ I known

47、 it, I should have told him. A. HaveB. Had C. Having D. If 80. If Alice _ this afternoon, the meeting should be put off. A. would not come B. might not come C. should not come D. could not come 81. If you had gone to a doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. wereC. would have been D. would be 82. It

48、is necessary that we _ a foreign language. A. must master B. ought to master C. masteredD. should master 83. My idea is that we _ to our plan. A. must stick B. ought to stickC. should stick D. will stick 84. He _ into trouble if he had taken our advice. A. would have not gotB. Had not got C. wouldnt

49、 have got D. didnt get 85. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ at the meeting. A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spoken C. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken 86. One ought _ for what one hasnt done. A. not to be punished B. to not be punished C. to not punished D. not

50、 be punished 87. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must _ always _ so much. A. not; be smoking B. not; have smoked C. not; to smoke D. be not; smoking 88. With so much work on hand, you _ to see the game last night. A. mustnt goB. shouldnt go C. couldnt have gone D. shouldnt have

51、 gone 89. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They say that it _ better organized. A. had beenB. had to beC. must have been D. could have been 90. Im surprised that he _ in the exam. A. should failB. would have failed C. may have failed D. should have failed 1-10 DCBB

52、D CDBDA 11-20 DCCBA ACADB 21-30 DACBD AADBC 31-40 CBACB BDCCD 41-50 CAACC DBDAA 51-60 DABCD ADCAC 61-70 DBACD ABBDD 71-80 DCCAC BCCBC 81-90 DDCCD AADDD自考英语复习资料：虚拟语气详解表示所说的不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而只是一种愿望，假设或猜测。1. 表示和现在事实相反的假设：He is honest. If he were dishonest，I should not trust him. 他是诚实的。如果他不诚实的话，我就不会信任他。He is not alive. If he were alive today， he would be a hero. 他死了。如果他今天活着的话，他会是个英雄