Book8Unit5.docx

1、根底知识默写学生用书303304页.starvation n.挨饿；饿死starve vt.使挨饿；使饿死2. accuracy n.精确；准确accurate adj .精确的；准确的3.interrupt vt.& vi.打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止interruption n.打断；中止4. assumevt.假定；设想assumption n.假定；设想assuming conj,假设5. sharpenvi.& vt.使锋利；锋利；清楚sharpenern.磨具； 削具6, messyadj.凌乱的；脏的mess n.混乱；一团糟7, analysis n,分析an

2、alyze vt,分析；分解8, somehow adv.以方式；不知怎么地9, album n,相册；集邮册；唱片10, division n,分割；划分；分配；分界线divide vt.戈U分；分开11, applaud vi.& vt,鼓掌欢迎；赞赏applausen,鼓掌欢迎；喝彩；称赞12, arrest vt.逮捕；吸引 n.逮捕；拘留13, gay adj,快乐的；欢快的gaily adv,快乐地；轻松地14, skillful/skilful adj,有技巧的；熟练的skill n,技巧；技能15, dizzy adj ,头晕目眩的：眩晕的：使人发晕或困惑的16, sp

3、it vt.吐出唾液、食物等vi ,吐痰17, scratch n.舌U、抓、划的痕迹；搔；挠 vt.搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏18, acute adj ,有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的19, beast n,野兽20, primitive adj,原始的； 远古的； 简陋的21, category n,种类； 类别； 范畴22, delete vt,删：删除23, punctuation n,标点符号24, ripen vt,& vi,使成孰； 成孰ripe adj ,成熟的25, significance nM 义；意思；重要件；重要意义significant adj,重要的； 有意

4、义的26, accelerate vi,& vt,加谏：促讲acceleration n,力由束；任井27, alternative n,可合修的先择 adj,供先择的；其柚'的28, show,round/around 带某人参观29, regardless of 不管；不顾30, keep out阻止进入；使留在外面31.at most至多；最多32. cut up切碎；使伤心33. be aware of 意识至 U34. fed up with受够了 ；饱受；厌烦35.look ahead向前看；为将来打算36. with relief欣慰地；如释重负地37. date

5、 back (to.)追溯到；始于38. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick , which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰,几乎有六米厚,这说明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火.39. Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a lar

6、ge shallow lake.是的,很对.正如植物学家的分析结果已经告诉我们的,这儿四周曾是一个很大浅水湖的一 局部.40. Abruptly she sat down , only to be scooped up by her laughing , shouting sister, Luna.忽然间她坐了下去,却又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来.根底知识夯实I 语境填词I. In primitive( 原始的)society man went without shoes or clothing.2.I' m afraid I have no alternative(可能的选

7、择 )but to ask you to leave.3.1 enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes , playing pop music , and collecting the latest music albums(唱片).(2021 全国 in)4.There are even security guards there who can arrest(逮捕)people that break the rules.(2021四川广安三模)5.1 know what we ' re doing is legal ,

8、but somehow(不知怎么地 )it doesn' t feel right.6. Going without sleep for a long time makes me feel dizzy( 眩晕的)and light-headed.7. The program started again after a two-year interruption(interrupt).8.She doesn' t know how to tidy up the messy(mess) room.9.No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage

9、 than the audience broke into thunderous applause (applaud).10.It was a race against time to stop people dying from starvation(starve).II. When crops ripen or when the sun ripens them , they become ripe.(ripe)12. Many parents opposed the division(divide) of the classes into different sets.13. The en

10、gineer in particular must be able to communicate his ideas to others rapidly and accurately(accuracy).14.She looked at him across the table and gave him a significant(significance) smile.15.The company is cutting production costs in an attempt to sharpen(sharp) its competitive edge.选词成篇keep out, dat

11、e back to, at mostAn old tomb was discovered in my hometown.Local people believe it has a history of 1.at most 200 years.But experts said that it can 2.date back to Ming Dynasty.Everyone has been aware of its significance.In order to protect the old tomb , local people are 3.kept out.show.round, reg

12、ardless of, cut up, fed up with , look ahead, be aware ofYesterday, our class visited the history museum in our city 4.regardless of the hot weather.The announcer 5.showed us round the museum and we saw an old stone which was said to be a scraper used by our ancestors to 6.cut up the meat.When we we

13、re told its use , we 7.were aware of our ancestors' wisdom.However , our ancestors were 8.fed up with their lifestyles, so they had to 9.look ahead.m .完成句子1. When he woke up, he realized that someone must have entered his room at night.(must have done)当他醒来时,他意识到晚上肯定有人进了他的房间.2. After school we we

14、nt to the reading room to do some reading , only to be told that it was being decorated.(only to do)放学后,我们去阅览室看书,结果被告知阅览室正在装修.3. As is reported , a foreign delegation will visit the city.(as)据报道,一个外国代表团将参观这座城市.4. He had just entered the classroom when the bell rang.(had just done.when.)他刚走进教室,这时铃声响了

15、.1. 以后缀-en结尾的动词sharpen(使)锋利ripen使成熟deepen变深(4) strengthen 增强(5) darken使变暗2. 以-tive结尾的名词(1) alternative可能的选择(2) native当地人(3) objective 目标(4) relative 亲属(5) detective 侦探3. “介词+ n.构成具有副词意义的短语(1) with relief 欣慰地(2) with ease 容易地(3) with care/caution 小心地(4) in surprise 奇怪地(5) in particular 特别地4. at短语汇总(1

16、) at most 至多(2) at least 至少(3) at best顶多；充其量(4) at latest 最迟(5)at worst在最坏情况下 alternative n.可供选择的事物；可能的选择adj.可供选择的；其他的；非传统的,另类的an alternative to.的替代品have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事have the alternative of doing sth.有做某事的选择There is no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事.(1) The disappearan

17、ce of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.Butalternative explanations are hard to find.(2021 江苏)-恐龙的灭绝不一定是由于大体的碰撞,但也难以找到别的解释.(2) You have the alternative of marrying or remaining a bachelor.你可以结婚也可以仍做单身汉,任你选择.(3) 同义句改写 We can not choose but take immediate action to stop pol

18、lution/ alternative 改写) r For us, there is no alternative but to take immediate action to stop pollution.(1) the alternative后可接介词to或of,接to表示代替；接of表同位关系.(2) "别无选择只好做某事 "的其他表达方式：do nothing but do sth. , have nothing to do but do sth., have no choice but to do sth., can not choose but do sth.

19、interrupt v.打断讲话； 打岔；打搅； 暂时中断或中止(1) interrupt.with.因打断be interrupted by 被打断(2) interruption n.打搅；插嘴；障碍物without interruption 连续地；不断地(1) I am not accustomed to being interrupted(interrupt) when studying or working , so please remember this and don' t do it again.(2) Let' s go somewhere we can

20、talk without interruption 连续地).assume vt.假定(设)； 设想； 认为(1) assume sb./sth.to be.认为某人(事)是It is assumed that.人41认为 (2)assumption n.假定;设想；担任 on the assumption that.假定(3) assuming (that).假设(引导条件状语从句)(1)Try to understand what' s actually happening instead of acting on the assumption(assume) you '

21、ve made.(2021 江苏)句式升级(2) If there wasn ' t the hard work of the dustman , what can you imagine our environment will belike ？(用 assuming that.改写)Assuming that there wasn ' t the hard work of the dustman , what can you imagine our environment will be like？(3) People assume that what they do ha

22、s little effect on the environment.(用 it 作形式主语改写 )It is assumed that what people do has little effect on the environment.在英语中,有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词,实际上可直接用作介词或连词.这一类单词有：(l)supposing conj.假设；如果；(2) provided/providing conj段设； 如果；(3)given prep.鉴于； 考虑至U; (4)considering prep.& conj.鉴于； 考虑至; (5)concerning

23、 prep.关于；(6)including prep.包括； 包含regardless of 不管； 不顾(1) regardless of后可接 whether, what等引导的从句(2) despite/in spite of 尽管(但是)(3) as regards/with regard to 关于； 至于(1) Our club is open to everyone regardless of age , sex or educational background.我们的俱乐部对任何人都开放,无论年龄、性别或教育背景.(2) They had a wonderful holida

24、y , despite/in spite of the bad weather.尽管天气不好,他们的假日还是过得极为愉快.(3) I have no complaints as regards/with regard to his work. 关于他的工作,我没有什么好抱怨的.fed up with 受够了 ； 厌烦feed on以为食feed.on.用喂feed.with.供给,提供feed +食物+ to.用某物喂养 (1) Owls feed onmice and other small animals.(2) Please feed some grass jo the cow.句式升级

25、(3) She is fed up with his lies , so she won' t believe in him any longer.(用形容词短语作状语改写)Fed up with his lies , she won' t believe in him any longer.图解助记联想发散其他表示“受够了,厌烦的短语:be bored with , be tired of, be sick of.date back to ( = date from) 追溯到； 始于； 起源于out of date (out-of-date)过时的,过期的up to date

26、 (up-to-date)最新的(1)I became a member of the company dating(date) back to 1925.Suddenly she felt old and out of date(过时的).(3) This building dates back to/dates from(追溯到)1823.(1) date back to/date from追溯到,不能用于被动语态和过去时,多用于现在时.(2) out of date/up to date 作表语；out-of-date/up-to-date 作定语.Abruptly she sat do

27、wn , only. to. be . scooped up by her laughing , shouting sister , Luna.忽然间她坐了下去,却又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来.句型：only to do.only to do.不料 ,反而 ,结果却 ,是动词不定式作结果状语,表示意料不到的 情况,且多为不愉快的结果,有时前面也可不加only;而现在分词短语作结果状语那么表示自然而然的结果.(1)I arrived at the shop only to find I ' d left all my money at home.我到了商店却发现钱全落在家了.(

28、2)Newly-built wooden cottages line the street , turning(turn) the old town into a dreamland.2021北京新建的小木屋沿街排成一行,将这个古老的小镇变成了一个梦幻之地.I .单句语法填空1.As we had expected, he succeeded in the end.2.It is very annoying to be interrupted(interrupt) by advertisement at intervals.3.He hurried to the airport only to

29、 be told(tell) that the film star had left.4.In my view , practicing handwriting is otgreat significance to the students ' growth.5. We have no alternative but tD_go(go) on.6. Marty has been working(work) really hard on his book and he thinks he ' ll have finished it by Friday.7. The escaped

30、 prisoner got arrested(arrest) immediately he turned up at the railway station and was sent to prison again.8. Nothing in the room is in a_mess , so I think they couldn ' t have searched it.9. Every year, a good many tourists are attracted to visit the old tower dating(date) back to the eleventh

31、 century.10.She had almost reached her destination when something arrested her attention and she braked sharply.单元知识运用写作素材关于学习1. 李华是高三学生,他心想"要是我现在是大学生该多好啊！if only2. 为将来打算,他除了为即将到来的高考做准备外别无选择.现在分词短语作状语3. 尽管他对每天做那么多的练习感到非常厌倦,但不管有多少困难,他都不得不加快复习的 步伐.省略4. 他的父母从不打断他学习,并不时给予他鼓励和赞赏.连 句成 篇根据提示利用本单元所学知识补

32、全短文Li Hua , a student of Senior Three , often ll.says to himself . " 12.If only I were a college student! However,13.looking ahead, he 14.has no alternative but to prepare for the coming College Entrance Examination.15.Though fed up with doing lots of exercises every day , he has to 16.accelera

33、te the pace of his revision,17.regardless of difficulties.His parents never 18.interrupt his learning and they often give him 19.encouragement and applause.m .阅读理解话题：个人情况难度星级：(2021湖南长郡中学调研)Reese Witherspoon was born on March 22,1976 in New Orleans , Louisiana.She is the second child of the family.Re

34、ese spent the first four years of her life in Wiesbaden , Germany, where her father John Witherspoon served in the US Army Reserves.Shortly after , John moved the family back to the United States, settling in Nashville , Tennessee.Reese was introduced to the entertainment industry at a very early ag

35、e.At age 7, she beganmodeling.This led to appearances on several local television commercials.At age 11, she was placed first in a Ten- State Talent Fair.In 1990 , she landed her first major acting role in The Man in the Moon (1991).Her role as a 14-year-old tomboy earned her good reviews.Roles in b

36、igger films such as Jack the Bear (1993) and A Far Off Place (1993) followed shortly after.Following high school graduation in 1994 , Reese decided to have a pause in her acting career and attend Stanford University where she would major in English literature.However, her plans were shortly stopped

37、when she accepted roles to star in two major motion pictures.Although neither film was a huge box- office success, they did help to make Reese a rising star in Hollywood and open the door for bigger and better film roles.Her breakthrough role came as Elle Woods in the 2001 comedy Legally Blonde .In

38、box office terms, the movie was a great success and made Reese one of the top female stars in Hollywood.In the year 2021 , she produced both Gone Girl and Wild , for which she got nominated( 提名)for a Best Actress Oscar again for her role.Reese is actively involved in children ' s and women'

39、s advocacy organizations.She is a longtime supporter of Save the Children , an organization that helps provide children around theworld with education , health care and emergency aid.语篇解读本文为人物传记,主要讲述了美国影视演员瑞茜威瑟斯彭的一些事迹.20. Why did Reese stop her studies at Stanford University？A. Because she starred i

40、n two successful films.B. Because she was more famous in Hollywood.C. Because she didn' t want to get higher education.D. Because she couldn' t balance studies and acting.答案 D解析 推理判断题.根据第四段前两句a Following high school graduation in 1994, Reesedecided to have a pause in her acting career and at

41、tend Stanford University where she would major in English literature.However , her plans were shortly stopped when she accepted roles to star in two major motion pictures."可知,她由于要主演两部电影,所以放弃了继续求学,由此可知 由于无法兼顾学业和演艺事业,她放弃了学业,所以 D正确.21. Which film made Reese most famous？A. The Man in the Moon.B.Leg

42、ally Blonde.C.A Far Off Place.D.Jack the Bear.答案 B解析 细节理解题.根据倒数第二段前两句"Her breakthrough role came as Elle Woods in the2001 comedy Legally Blonde .In box office terms , the movie was a great success and made Reese one of the top female stars in Hollywood."可知,她的突破性的角色就是律政俏佳人?中的 艾丽 伍兹,在票房方面,这部

43、喜剧片获得了巨大的成功,并使她成为好莱坞最顶尖的女星之一,所以B正确.22. What is the author' s attitude toward Reese？A.Caring.B.Admiring.C.Critical.D.Defensive.答案 B解析 观点态度题.根据文章内容可知,作者在介绍瑞茜的演艺事业的开展时,采用的都是 正面的描述,再根据最后一段提到的瑞茜积极参加一些旨在帮助儿童和妇女的公益组织可知, 作者对她持赞赏的态度,所以 B正确.23. How does the passage develop？A. Giving examples.B. Using figu

44、res.C. Following the order of time.D. Making comparison.答案 C解析 写作手法题.文章开头从瑞茜的出生说起,随后描述了她的童年经历、成年后的作品 以及参加的其他活动,由此可以看出文章是根据时间顺序来写的,所以 C正确.IV .语法填空Beth Huggins , a senior chemical engineering major university student , liked helping people.As an active student, she got 24.opportunity to support first-

45、 year students going through difficulties and struggles.It was at that time 25. Beth first saw students affected by a serious disaster an apartment fire.She saw the students struggle 26.(return) to classes after they had lost their homes , their computers , their books and everything they owned.Alth

46、ough the university offered support, she felt that all students should do more to help their 27.(classmate).That' s when Sooners Helping Sooners was born.Sooners Helping Sooners is a student- run organization that provides financial help 28. the students needing help, such as the loss of a paren

47、t, natural disasters, car accidents or emergency medical situations.Money 29.(raise) throughout the year through T-shirt sales and campaigns that ask students to give up their weekly cup of coffee. "We hope that students will continue that giving after their 30. (graduate), " says Beth.So

48、far the organization 31. (provide) many students with financial support over the last two years.The organization was even able to help students who suffered from the recent tornadoes(龙卷风)32.(great). "This organization has inspired me more than any other group , " says Beth. " Knowing

49、we can be a support to 33.(they) is the best feeling. 语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文. 文章主要讲述了贝丝哈金斯在大学期间的一次经历促使她建 立了 Sooners Helping Sooners组织,该组织旨在号召人们帮助那些需要帮助的人.24. 答案an解析 此处指“得到一个帮助大一新生渡过难关的时机,此处的时机是泛指概念,故应用不定冠词.又因名词opportunity是发音以元音音素开头的单词,故填an.25. 答案 that解析分析句子结构可知,该句应为强调句.强调句的根本结构为：Tt is/was +被强调局部+ that/who +其他

50、",此处强调时间状语at that time,故填that.26. 答案 to return解析 struggle to do sth.是固定搭配,意为"努力做某事",故填to return o27. 答案classmates解析 根据前文的 "Beth first saw students affected by a serious disaster an apartment fire 可 知,受到火灾影响的学生不止一位.故需要帮助的同学也不止一位,因此此处为复数概念, 故填 classmates28. 答案 for解析 provide sth.for

51、 sb.意为"给某人提供某物",为常用搭配.故填 for.29. 答案is raised解析此处表达的是该组织现在的运行情况,应用一般现在时；主语Money和谓语动词raise之间为动宾关系,应用被动语态,又因主语Money为不可数名词,谓语动词应用单数形式.故填 is raisedo30. 答案graduation解析 after one' s graduation某人毕业之后,为习惯用法,且graduation为不可数名词. 故填 graduation o31. 答案has provided解析 根据本句的时间状语 "So far可知,此处应用现在完成

52、时,又因主语the organization为单数第三人称,谓语动词应用单数形式.故填 has provided o32. 答案greatly解析 此处修饰动词词组 suffered from ,应用副词形式.故填 greatly.33.答案 them解析 所填词作介词to的宾语,应用人称代词的宾格形式,故填 them.V .读后续写阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事.In 1945 , a 12-year-old boy saw a beautiful brooch 胸针in a shop window that set his heart racing.But th

53、e price five dollars was too high for Reuben Earle.Five dollars would buy almost a week' s food for his family.Reuben couldn' t ask his father for the money.Everything his father made through fishing went to his mother, Dora.Slim and beautiful , she was the center of the home, the glue that

54、held it together.The housework was never-ending , and she was struggling to support their five children but she was happy as her family and their well- being were all she cared about.Nevertheless, he opened the shop' s weathered风化的door and went inside.Standing proud and straight in his flour- sack面粉袋改做的 shirt and washed-out trousers, he told the shopkeeper what he wanted, adding, " But I don ' t have the money right now.Can you please hold it for some time ？"T