高中英语定语从句讲解及练习

1、高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句讲解+学案 7.61导入（1）_什么是定语？ _（2）the green team;the team in gree n;the team who were weari ng gree n;共同点： _ 不同点： _3. 定义在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，从句由关系词/引导词引导。根据定义我们可以得出：（1）先行词只能是： 出来的；（2）定语从句的结构：先行词+关系词+从句（）（3）关系词的作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当 定的句子成分4. 关系词的分类关系代词：人： who,whom,th

2、at 物： which,that所属关系：whose（人，物）例题一：1.1 don t like the people. Theysmoke a 合成定语从句）合成的定语从句的复合句为 _先行词为_行词在定语从句中承担的句子成分为 _定语从句为_定语从句的引导词为 _ 属于关系（代词，副词）。2. The man sells vegetables. You saw him just now.3. The train was late. It was going to Fengxian. 例题二：分析下列含有定语从句的复合句1. This is the school that you visi

3、ted last year.主句为_ .定语从句为_ .定语从句的引导词为 _.引导词在定语从句中作 _ .定语从句修饰的先行词为 _2. We visited a factory which/that makes toys for childre n.3. The man （who/whom/that） you just talked to was a frie nd of mine.4. Charles who dislikes parties is a strange character.5. Football is an activity which/that is liked by

4、most boys. 例题三：1.The boys （who areplayi ng football） are from Class One.2. She has a brother whose name I can t remember.3. The film which/that they went to see last ni ght was not in teresti ng at all.4.The girl who/whom/that the teacher often praises is our monitor.5.Jack is no longer the lazy boy

5、 that he used to be.;它是从中提关系副词：时间： when 地点：Where 原因：why5.做定语从句的方法步骤：1）首先判断该句是否是定语从句；2）划分出主句和从句的结构；3）找出先行词；4）判断定语从句中缺少什么成分，再看先行词指的是人，物，时间，地点还是 原因；5）用代入还原法检验定语从句是否符合语意逻辑和语法规则（即把先行词带入 还原到定语从句中）。例题四：用适当的关系代词。We need friends （_ can help us.）1._ The boywears new clothes is my brother.2._ The dogis running

6、 is mine.3._ The man comes here every morning is a basketballplayer.4.I sang the song _I wrote myself.5._ This is the doctorsaved the womans life.6._ The penis on the desk isnt hers.7._ Do you know the boy coat is black?8._The bookhe bought yesterday is very interesting.9._The little girl is afraid

7、of movieshave scary monsters.10._ The boyI spoke to is from Shanghai自主学习：（一）只能用 that 不能用 which1当先行词是不定代词时 all/none/anything/nothing/everythingAll _ can be done must be done.We should make use of everything _ is useful.2当先行词被最高级、序数词以及 the very/the only/the right / just the 修饰时 This is theonly book _

8、I can find in my desk.The first thing _ you should do is to eat sth.3当先行词被 all/little/few/much/some/any/no/every 修饰时We heard clearly ever word _ he saidAll the students_ are studying in our class are from Guangdong province.4当主句前以 which / who 开头的特殊疑问词时 （ 避免重复 ）Who is the girl _ is standing over ther

9、e?Which ball is the one _ belongs to Mike?5当先行词在从句中作表语时China is not the country _ it was.I m not the foolish girl _I was6当先行词同时指物和人时 , 只能用 that.We are talking about the people and the things _ we have visited in the county.7there be 句型中There is a seat in the corner _ is still free.Homework 定语从句专项练习1

10、.Sorry, we don t have the coat _ you need.A. what B. who C. whom D. which2._ This is the dictionaryMum gave me for mybirthday.A. which B. what C. whose D. whom3._ Do you know the manis sitting behind Nancy?A. what B. which C. who D. whom4._ The book he bought yesterday is very interesting.A. / B. wh

11、y C. when D. what5.I have found some pictures of the most interesting places _ you can visitduring the winter holidays.A. where B. which C. what D. that6.I d like to tell you about the table manners _ you should know when youvisit Korea.A. which B. who C. what D. how7. Here is a book _ will give a l

12、ot of useful knowledgeA .what B. whom C. whose D. that8. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it9.Is _ some German friends visited last week?A. this schoolB. this the schoolC. this school one D. this school where10. -What kind of music do you like?-I like music _ has gre

13、at lyrics.A. that B. what C. who D. whose11._ That is the only thingI bought from thesupermarket.A. which B. that C. what D. where12._The placeinterested memost was the Children_ s Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which13._ The computerlast week has gone wrong.A. which I bought it B. I boughtC

14、. what I boughtD. I bought it14._ That is the poor boy father died in a traffic accidentlast year.A. who B. whom C. whose D. which15._Do you know the girlis standing under the tree?A. who B. whom C. which D. where16.Is the woman _ talked to our teacher yesterday your mother?A. who B. whom C. which D

15、. what17.The young lady _ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.A. what B. whose C. whom D. which18.I like to live in a house _ is big and bright.A. that B. whoC. how D. why19.I hate people _ talk much but do little.A. whom B. which C. who D. when20.I am one of the boys _ never late for school.A

16、. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is21.Mr Green, there is someone at the front desk _ would like to speak withyou.A. he B. who C. which D. whom22.I love the small village _ I was born in.A. that B. which C. where D. whose23._Here comes the girl handwriting is the best in ourclass.A. which B. who

17、se C. that D. who24._ My parents usually buyme some simple clothes _ can last a long time.A. who B. that C. whom D. whose25._-Is the girlis interviewing the manager of that companyyour friend?-Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.A. whom B. which C. who D. whose26._ -Do you know everybodycame to the p

18、arty?-No, I don t know the one_ you had a long talk with near the door.A. who;/ B. whose; thatC. that; which D. /; whom27._ The boywon the first prize is called Roy.A. when B. whom C. who D. which28._Children like housesare painted in differentcolours.A. which B. they C. those D. what29._Do you thin

19、k most students prefertests _ have easy questions?A. who B. where C. that D. it30. He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory _ hard work wasrepaid with the development of the factory.A. where B. whose C. in which D. thatKeys:1-5 DACAD6-10 ADABA11-15BABCA16-20 ACACB21-25 BBBBC26-30ACACA定

20、语从句关系副词学案一、复习1.做定语从句的方法步骤。2.关系代词和关系副词。二、关系副词引导的定语从句 典型例题一1.Is this the factory_ we visited last year?2. Is this the factory_ he workerd last year?3. Is this the factory_ he workerd in last year?4. Is this factory_ we visited last year?A. whichB. that C.where D.the one E. /复习回顾：关系副词有 :_ (指时间), _ (指地点

21、), _(指原因), 在定语从句中作 _ (什么成分 )。1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when (on which) I first came to this school. He came at a timewhen(at which) we need him most.2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。I recently went back to the town where (in which) I was born.What s the name of the place where (at whi

22、ch) you spent your holiday?3. why 指原因， 在定语从句中作原因状语。Please tell me the reason why (for which) youmissed the plane. The reason why (for which) he was punished is unknown to us. 典型例题二(定语从句 的重难点) 1先行词是表时间的名词1I still remember the days _ I stayed in Beijing.2I still remember the days _ I spent in Beijing.

23、2. 先行词是表地点的名词 He showed me the place _ he lived.3This is the place _ we visited last year.3. 先行词是表原因的名词 This is the reason_ we must go earlier. The reason _ you gave us was reasonable.小结： _典型例题三(巩固 + 提高练习)1._ This is the roomhe visited last year2. This is the room_ he visited professer Smith last ye

24、ar.1Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?2Is this shop _ sells childrens clothing?3Is this shop _ childrens clothing is sold ?A.which B. that C. where D. The one that E.the one where 自主学习：一、只用 who,不能用 that 代替的情况：1. 在非限制性定语从句中His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.2.先行词是 one,

25、anyone, those 时One who has nothing to fear for himself dares to tell the truth.Anyone who breaks the law shall be puni shed.Those who are aga inst the pla n put up your hands please.二、 注意：先行词为stage, point, positi on, situati on, case, bus in ess 企业）,atmodphere 气氛）,family , circumstanee 等表模糊的地点或抽象的地点

26、时，弓 I 导词 用_1. They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.2. We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.3. We were put into a positi on where we had either to accept we were less importa nt or4. fight the gover nment.5.1can thi nk of many cases where st

27、ude nts obviously know a lot of En glish words andexpressions but couldn t write a good essay.6.1worked in a bus in ess where amost every one is wait ing for a great cha nee.三、判断关系代词与关系副词的辨别：方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动 词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：This is the village wher

28、e I stayed last year.ril n ever forget the days whe n I worked together with you.方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正 确选择出关系代词/关系副词。自我检测：Is this the museum_ the exhibition was held?Is this the museum_ you visited?A. where B. that C. on which1. That is the tow n_ he was born.A.which B. where C. whe n

29、D. why2. Is this the factory_he worked ten years ago?A. that B. whereC. which D. the one3. Is this the river_ I can swim?A. which B. in which C. that D. the one4. I love places_ the people are really frien dly.A. that B. which C. where D. who5. It there anyone in your class_family is in the coun try

30、?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose6. I can n ever forget the day_we worked together and the day_wespe nt together.A. whe n; which B. which; whe n C. what; that D. on which; whe n7. This is the reas on_he did nt come to the meeti ng.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which8. The house I lived te

31、n years ago has bee n pulled dow n.9. The house I lived in ten years ago has bee n pulled dow n.10. I don t know the reasortne looks unhappy today.考点一：关系代词 who,whom,whose 的选择：This is the man_ ofte n helps you.He is the stude nt_compositi on won the first prize.Don t get close to the house_ roof is u

32、n der repair.The pers on with_I shook hands is my teacher.考点二：关系代词和关系副词的选择：1._ This is the marketyou can buy many things . This is the market_sells all kinds of thin gs.2.There s one point_ we must insist on.(2)_She reached a pointshe was supposed to make decisions of her own.3.(1)I didn tethfeveaso

33、n_he explained to me.(2) I didn t believe the reason_he went there.4. It s a job_ you are doing something serious but interesting.It s a job_ I dislike5. There was a time_ I hated to go to school.定于从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要 教你关系代词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语 从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，

34、修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行 词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有： who, whom, whose, that, which 等。关系畐【J 词有： whe n, where, why 等。18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词， 并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先 行词保持一致。1） who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：Is he the man who/that want

35、s to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？ （ who/that 在 从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that 在从句中作宾语）2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同 of which 互换） 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家 都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose cover is gree n 请递给我那本绿皮的书。Ple

36、ase pass me the book of which the cover is gree n.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3） which, that 所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语 等。例如：A prosperity which / that had n ever bee n see n before appears in the coun tryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that 在句中作主语）The package （which / that） you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

37、你拿的包 快散了。（ which / that 在句中作宾语18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1)关系副词 when, where, why 的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和 介词+which结构交替使用。例如：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈 服的时候。Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why (for wh

38、ich) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮 助他的理由吗？18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：This is the moun tai n village where I stayed last year.这是我去年呆过的山村。lll n ever forget the days whe n I worked together with you 我永远不会忘记与你 共事的日子。判断改错：( x )This is the mounta

39、in village where I visited last year.( x )I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.( V)This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.( VIl n ever forget the days(which)I spe nt in the coun tryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when 联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓

40、、宾、定、状)，也 能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例 1. Is this museum_ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. onwhich D. the one例 2. Is this the museum_ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. onwhich D. the one 答案：例 1 D，例 2 A例 1 变为肯定句： This museum is you visited a few days ago. 例 2 变为肯定句： Thisis the museum t

41、he exhibition was held.在句 1 中，所缺部分为宾语，而 where, that, on which 都不能起到宾语的作 用，只有 the one 既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词， 所以应选 D。而句 2 中，主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词 where,又因 in the museum 词组，可用介词 in + which 引导地点状语。而此题 中，介词 on 用的不对，所以选 A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose； 先

42、行词在从句中做状语时， 应选择关系副词 （where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句1） 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部 分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉 了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：This is the house which we bought last mon th.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。 （限制性）The house, which we bought last mon th, is very n ice .这幢房子很漂亮，

43、是我们上个 月买的。（非限制性）2） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常 是非限制性的。例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year 查理？史密斯去年退休 了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房 子带着个漂亮的花园。This no vel, which I have read three times, is very touchi ng.这本小说很动人，我已 经读

44、了三遍。3） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓 语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets m 他似乎没抓住 我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就 叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词 that 和关系副词 why 不能引导非限制性定语从句。18.5 介词+关系词1） 介词后面的关系词不能省略。2） that 前不能有介词。3）某些在从句

45、中充当时间， 地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系 副词 when和 where 互换。有时，前面的介词可移到 定语从句的中间或后面，此时 whom 可用 who,that 代替；which 可以用 that 代替。而且 who, whom, which, that 都可省略。例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。This is the house where I lived two years ago.This is the house which/that I lived in two year

46、s ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?还记得你加入我们俱乐咅 E 的那一天吗？Do you remember the day whe n you joined our club?介词 +which+n .的用法，常见的如：in which case/at which time/in which way实际上相当于 and in that case/and at that time/and in that wayShe may be late, in which case we ought to wait for h

47、er.她可能迟至 U,因此我们应该 等她。I will be around the area at 5 pm, at which time ril pick you up.from where 的用法from where 实际上属于 介词+副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句，表示 从那 里”，如：He stood beh ind the curta in, from where he could see what was happe ning outside. 站在窗帘后面，从那里他可以看到外面正在发生的事。18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句由 as, which 引导的非限定性定语

48、从句，as 和 which 可代整个主句，相当于 and this或 and that。由 as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as 和 which 可代整 个主句，相当于and this 或 and that区别如下：一、 as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as 有正如，正像”的意思；如：As is known to all, China is a develop ing coun try.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from h

49、is acce nt.(3) Joh n, as you kno w, is a famouswriter.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don t believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher an gry.二、 as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。如: It rained hard

50、 yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park.As is known to the world, chi na is great coun try.三、as 多用于固定搭配中： as is often the case 这是常有的事)，as was expectec不 出所料)，as often happens 正如经常发生的那样)，as is known to all(众所周知)， ashas been said befor 如上所述)，as is mentioned above 正女口上面所提至 U 的)等。四、 如果非限制性定

51、语从句部分是否定意义的句子，只能用which.女口： He should have passed the driving test,_ was beyond expectation.He passed the driv ing test,_was expected.典型例题1) Alice received an invitation from her boss,_ came as a surprise. A. it B. thatC. which D. he答案 C.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that 修饰，而用 which., it 和 he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连

52、接。况且选he 句意不通。2) The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it答案 B。which 可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what 不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it 不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英 语语法上行不通。3)_It rained hard yesterday,prevented me fromgoing to the park.A. that B. which C. as D. it答案

53、B. as 和 which 在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两占：八、(1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而 which 不可。(2)as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent 由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。as 的用法例 1. the same assuch as 中的 as 是一 一种固定结构，和一样。例如：I have got into the same trouble as he (has).

54、我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。例 2. as 可引导非限制性从句， 常带有正如。例如：As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.如我们所知，吸烟有害健 康。As is known, smok ing is harmful to on es health.As 是关系代词。例 1 中的 as 作 know 的宾语；例 2 中，它充当从句的主语， 谓语动词 know 要用被动式。18.7 先行词和关系词二合一1) Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who

55、代替)2)The pare nts will use what they have to send their son to tech ni cal schoo.what可以用 all that 代替)18.8 what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever1) what = the thing which； whatever = anythin 例如：What you want has bee n sent here 你要的动词都送来了。Whatever you want makes no differe nee to me.不管你要什么，跟我没什么 关系。2)w

56、ho= the pers on that whoever= anyone wha 例如：( x )Who breaks the law will be punished.( XWhoever robbed the bank is not clear.(话 Whoever breaks the law will be punished.王子犯法，与庶民同罪。(V) Who robbed the bank is not clear.谁抢了银行还不清楚。3)that 和 what当 that 引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不 充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的

57、that 常可省略。What 只能引 导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如：I think (that)you will like the stamps.我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。What we n eed is more practice.我们需要的是更多的实践。18.9 关系代词 that 的用法1) 不用 that 的情况a) 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is veryfamous here.b)介词后不能用。例如：We depe nd on the land from w

58、hich we get our food.我们依赖土地获得食物。We depe nd on the land that/which we get our food from.2)只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a)在 there be 句型中，只用 that，不用 which。b)在不定代词，如： anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little 等作先 行词时，只用 that，不用 whichoc)先行词有 the only, the very 修饰时，只用 that。d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用t

59、hato.e)先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police 那贼最终把偷的 全部东西交给了警察。一.定语从句及相关术语1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的 先行词后面。2. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有 where

60、, when,why 等。关系词常有 3 个作用：1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担 当一个成分。.关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人，在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2.whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is jus