情态动词教师用

1、f 知识梳理态动词的意义和用法A. may 和 might1表示请求、许可，常译为 可以”在口语中可用can, could代替may，但在正式场合用 may。表示允许时， 也可用might代替，might不表示过去时，而是表示口气比较婉转。You may take this seat if you like. 如果你喜欢可以坐这个位置。提示：May I问句常见的肯定回答和否定回答。 肯定回答Yes, pl ease./Certa inly./Yes, of course./Sure./Go ahead, p lease.否定回答No, you can't.（最常见）No, you mu

2、st n't.（具有强烈禁止的意思） PI ease don't. You'd better not.I don't think you can. rm sorry it's n ot allowed.2. 表示推测，可译为 可能，也许”Your math teacher may might be in his office.你们的数学老师可能在办公室里。（一般情况下，might表示的可能性很小）The light isn't on .It may/might be broke n.那盏灯没有亮，它可能坏了。注意：用may表示推测一般不用于疑问句

3、，在疑问句中通常用can来代替。Can he be at home他可能在家吗？-Can it be true这可能是真的吗？-It may be, or may not be.可能是，也可能不是。3. 用在目的状语从句中，构成谓语。He wan ts to take a taxi so that he may get there in time.他想坐出租车，这样他就能及时到达那里。4. 有时可以用于祈使句表示祝愿。May you succeed.祝你成功B. can 和口 could能,1. 表示能力，可译为能,会”The cin ema can seat 1,000 peop le.这电

4、影院能容纳1，000人。I could not read such an easy book whe n I was 7 years old.我七岁时连如此简单的书我也看不懂。2. 表示允许、许可，常用在口语中。could比can语气上要客气。-Could I use your dicti onary我可以用一下你的字典吗？-Yes, go ahead.可以，用吧。（或 Yes, you can.但不能说 Yes, you could.）Could /Can you tell me how to get to the zoo劳驾，你能告诉我怎么去动物园吗？3表示推测，可用于肯定句（can罕见）

5、、否定句和疑问句，但更常见于疑问句或否定句。在 此种用法中can和could没有时态的区别，只是表示可能性的大小，can表示推测的可能性比 could 大。Can he be ill at home他会是生病在家吗？Can the story be true这个故事会是真的吗？He cannot be at home他 不可能在家。You must n't smoke while you are walki ng around in the woods. You could start a fire.在林子里走时一定不要吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。4表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于

6、否定句和疑问句中。How can you be so careles你怎么这么粗心？Where can could they have go ne他们会去了哪里？5. Could可以用在虚拟条件句中。If I could fly, I should be very happ y.如果我能飞，我会很高兴。If you had followed my advice, you could have fini shed it.如果你当时听我的，你早就做完了。If you had tried harder, you could have p assed your exam.如果你再努力些，你就能通过考试

7、了。6. can与be able to的区另 can表示能力”时，和be able to相当，许多场合都可以互相替换。但当叙述过去经过一 番努力才能完成的事情或前面有特殊说明，表示你有能力时，只能用be able tQ【正】 Can you speak any foreign Ianguage你会说外语吗？【正】 Are you able to speak any foreign languages你会说外语吗？。 be able to比can有更多形式。No one could an swer the questio n.没人能回答这个问题。（这里could可用was able to代替）W

8、he n he grows up, he will be able to support his family他 长大后就能养家了。Frank is ill. He has n't bee n able to go to school for one week. could 经常和动词 see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understa等连用。Whe n we went into the house, we could smell someth ing burning.当我们走进屋子时，我们闻到什么东西烧焦了。（不用was able to

9、）She sp oke in a very low voice, but I could un dersta nd what she said.虽然她讲话的声音很低，但我还是明白了她说的话。 在谈论说话时发生的动作，用 can,不用be able tQ【误】Look! I'm able to swim.【正】Look! I can swim.看，我会游泳了！C. must 和 have to1. must表示有做某一动作的必要或义务，强调主观看法，可译为 必须，应该” Every one must obey the rule人人都必须遵守制度。We must do everyth in

10、g ste p by ste p.我们必须逐步做每件事。2. have to表示因客观需要促使主语不得不做某事。You can't turn right here. You have to turn left你不能在这里右拐，你必须左拐。My eyesight is very po or. I have to wear glasses for readi ng.我的视力很差，看书时不得不戴眼 镜。提示：在口语中，我们可以使用 have got to来代替have to.I've got to work on Sunday我不得不星期天工作。3. must 与 have to 的

11、比较。must与have to在表示 必须”这个意思时意义相近，但在用法上有所区别。must含有说话者的强烈决意（表示主观的看法），have to则表示外力环境或习惯使然（即 表示客观的必要，作 不得不”解）。I must study hard我必须努力学习。（发自内心的决定）I have to study hard.我不得不努力学习。（外界因素逼迫） must只有一种形式，而have to可有多种时态。They had to put off the sports meet due to the bad weather.由于坏天气，他们不得不推迟运动 会。These last two days

12、 he has had to take a rest at hon这两天他必须一直在家休息。 must的否定式和have to的否定式的意思完全不同。You must kee p it a secret. You must n't tell anyone.你必须保密，你不可以告诉任何人。（mustn't表示 禁止”You don't have to tell me the secret.你不必告诉我这个秘密。（do n't have to 意思是 没有必要” =don't need ）4. must用于表示推测，它的肯定程度比may, might, co

13、uld大得多，一般只用于肯定句。 must do （这里的do通常是状态动词或系动词），表示对现在状态的推测。He must be very lazy for his desk is very un tidy.他肯定很懒，因为他的课桌很不整洁。 must be doi ng表示对现在动作或状态的推测。Put on more clothes. You must be feeli ng cold with only a shirt on.多穿点儿衣服，你只穿一件衬衣，肯定觉得冷。 must have done表示对过去的动作或状态的推测。The ground is wet. It must hav

14、e rained last ni ght.地面是湿的，昨晚肯定下雨了。I did n't hear the phon e. I must have bee n aslee p.我没听见电话铃响，我一定是睡着了。提示：must表示推测只用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句要用can, could来代替must。He's just had his lun ch. He can't be hungry already.他刚吃过午饭，不会饿的。5. must可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然要发生的事，可译为必然会，总是会”。We all must die我们都会死。Win ter must b

15、e followed by spring.冬天到了，春天还会远吗？6. must有时可用来表示 偏偏”的意思。Why must it rain today为什么偏偏在今天下雨？Whe n I was tak ing a nap, a stude nt must knock at the door.正当我午睡时，偏偏一个学生在这个时候来敲门。D. will 和 would1. will和would可用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求和建议等。would比will委婉客气。Will you have some tea 你喝点茶，好吗？Will you share your happin ess with

16、 us你可以把你的欢乐与我们共享吗？Would you p ass this book to the stude nt in the last row必背：Will/Would you .表示请求和建议的答复。肯定回答Yes, Please.是的，请。Certainly.当然可以。Sure.当然了。All right.好啊！否定回答I'm sorry. I ca n't.对不起，不行。No, thank you.不，不行。No, I wo n't.不，不行。2. will和would可表示意志、愿望和决心，用于各种人称陈述句。I will do anything for

17、 you.我愿为你做任何事。I will never tell you the secret .我永远不会告诉你这个秘密。3. will和would可表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。will表示现在的习惯动作，would表示过去 的习惯动作。He will surf the In ternet every n ight.他每天晚上都在上网。The boy will sit there hour after hour look ing at the traffic go by.那男孩常常坐在那儿好几个钟头，看着车辆行人通过。In class he would ask some silly questi

18、 ons, and his classmates would laugh at him.课上，他总是问一些蠢问题，他的同学们总是嘲笑他。4. will可表示固执坚持，这时will不可使用'll的简略形式。用于非人称主语时，表示物体的 固有性质和倾向。I will take the job, and no one can st op me.我就要这个工作，没有人可阻止我。He wo n't do what he's told他就是不愿按所吩咐的去做。The wi ndow won't open.窗子打不开。This glass will not crack un

19、der heavy p ressure这种玻璃在重压下也不会破碎。5. will表示将来时间时，不可用于条件状语从句，但will表示意愿或决心时，可用于条件状 语从句。If you will read the book, I'll lend it to you.如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。If you will give up smok ing, your health will imp rove.如果你愿意把烟戒掉的话，你的健康状况 就会好转。6. will和would可表示推论或猜测。The P atie nt took the slee ping p ills an ho

20、ur ago. He will be aslee p now.病人一小时前吃的安眠药，现在应该睡着了。It would be raining whe n she went home.她回家时可能正在下雨。比较：Would you like .表示邀请Do you like .表示习惯Do you like going go the cin ema 你喜欢看电影吗？Yes,I go to the ci nema a lot是 的，我经常去看电影。Would you like to go to the ci nema to night 今天晚上去看电影好吗？Yes,I'd love to.

21、非 常乐意。E. shall 和 should1. shall 表示征询意见或请求指示，用于一、三人称疑问句。Shall I carry it for you我来帮你搬它，好吗？Shall the waiter bring meals to your room要服务员把饭送到你房间去吗？警告、 表示说话人的意愿，有 命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、三人称陈述句中。You shall do as I say按 我说的做。（命令）警告He shall be sorry for it o ne day, I tell you 我告诉你，总有一天他会后悔的。You shall fall be

22、hi nd in your exam if you keep play ing.如果你一直玩，你就会在考试中落后。Nothi ng shall stop us from carryi ng out the pla n什么也阻止不了我们执行这项计划。（决心）He shall have the book whe n I finish readi ng我看完这本书就给他看。（允诺）2. should 表示义务，意为 应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。Childre n should obey their pare nts儿童应该服从他们的父母。Customers who get bad serv

23、ice should complain, should n't they没有得到满意服务的顾客应该抱怨，不是吗？ 常与what, how, why等词连用，表示意外、惊讶等情绪。How should I know我怎么会知道呢Why should I fear我为什么会害怕？What should she do but cry for hel p 除了呼救外，她还能干什么？ 表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某种推测，可译为可能、照说应该”。It should be fine tomorrow .明天可能天是晴天。He should be tak ing a bath now他可能在洗澡。I

24、t's n early seve n o'clock. Jack should be here at any mome nt.已经快七点了，杰克随时都可能到这儿。The film should be very good as it is starri ng first-class actors.这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。 表示对现在或以前的动作的责怪、批评（应做的事却没做）。The boys should n't be p lay ing football. They should be at school.这些男孩子不应该在踢足球，他们应该在上课。Yo

25、u should n't have en tered the teachers' office without p ermissi on.没有允许你们不应该进老师办公室。F. ought to1. 表示义务，意为 应该”（因责任、义务而该做），口气比should稍重。We ought to defe nd our cou ntry我们应当保卫我们的国家。（每一个公民应尽的义务）Ought n't we to do everyth ing po ssible to stop pollution难道我们不应当尽可能地制止污染吗？2. 表示推测，暗含很大的可能，可译为应该是，

26、会是”。P rices ought to come dow n soon价 格可能会很快下跌。Han Mei ought to kn ow his tele pho ne number.韩梅该知道他的电话号码。There's a fine sun set; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow 天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。3. ought to和should 一样，表示对现在或以前应做的事却没做的责怪、批评。You ought to be wash ing your clothes. Why are you p lay ing Ping-Pong你应该在

27、洗衣服（可是你没洗）。为什么你在打乒乓球？You ought to have handed in the exercise last wee你上周就应当交练习。（可你没交，含责备的 意思。）魅典题精析单选:1. - You needn ' t take an umbrella.lt isn' t going to rain.-Well, I don t know. It do. （2013 北京 HX）A. mightB. n eed C. would D. should2. Heslee p, although he tried to, whe n he got on suc

28、h a hunt for an idea un til he hadcaught it. （2013 湖南 HX）A. would n ' B. should n'tC. could n'tD. must n't3. When I was a child, Iwatch TV whe never I wan ted to. （2013江 西 HX）A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. n eed4. Harry is feeling uncomfortable. Hetoo much at the party last night. （2013辽

29、宁 HX）A. could drinkB. should drinkC. would have drunkD. must have drunk5. The childrenlost in the woods; otherwise, they would have bee n at the lakeside camp asscheduled. （2013陕西 HX）A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. should get6. Why are your eyes so red? Youhave sle pt well last ni

30、 ght.Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report. （2013四川 HX）A. can'tB. must n'tC. n eedn'tD. won '7. No on be more generous; he has a heart of gold2013 天津 HX）A. couldB. mustC. dareD. n eed8. Si nee no body gave him any help, he have done the research on his own. （201新课标 II 卷HXA. canB. m

31、ustC. wouldD. n eed9. The dooropen , no matter how hard she pushed. （201 新课标 I 卷 HX）A. should n'tB. could n't C. would n't D. might n't10. Imyself more it was a perfect day. （2013浙江 HX）A. should n'thave enjo yedB. n eed n'thave enjo yedC. would n 'have enjo yedD. could n&

32、#39;thave enjo yed11. - What are you doi ng this Saturday?-I ' m not surbut Igo to the Rolli ng Sto nes concert. （2013重 庆 HX）A. must B. would C. should D. might12. It be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise becauseyouknow a lot of words. （2013 安徽 HX）A. mayB. could ntC. shou

33、ldD. n eed nt13. If wea table earlier, we couldn' t be standing here （2013北京.HX）A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked14. -Do you think George has p assed the driv ing test?-No. If so, hehis car to our college yesterday. （2013畐建 HX）A. would driveB. droveC. would have drive nD. had drive

34、n15. I should not have laughed if Iyou were serious. （2013江苏 HX）A. thoughtB. would thi nk C. had thought D. have thought16. My mom suggests that w eat out for a change this weekend. (201陕西 HX)A. should B. mightC. could D. wouldable to sp eak it much17. If he had spent more time p ractici ng sp eak i

35、ng En glish before, he better now. (2013 天津 HX)D. would have bee nat the age of six mon ths old. (2013A. will beB. would beC. has bee n18. Eye doctors recomme nd that a childsfirst eye exam _浙江HX)A. wasB. beC. wereD. is19. - It rained cats and dogs this morning. I' m glad we took an umbrella.-Ye

36、ah, we would have got wet all over if w (2013 重庆 HX)A. hadn ' t B. have n'tC. did n'tD. don't20. I to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not available(2013安徽 HX)A. wentB. had goneC. would goD. would have gone21. Heyou more help, even though he was very busy. (SZTKHX )A.

37、might have give nB. might give C. may have give nD. may give22. Jennyhave ke pt her word. I won der why she cha nged her mi nd.(SZTKHX )A. must B. shouldC. n eedD. would23. . -Could I borrow your dicti on ary?-Yes, of course you (SZTKHX )A. might B. will C. can D. should24. I told Sally how to get h

38、ere, but perhaps Ifor her. (SZTKHX )A. had to write it outB. must have writte n it outC. should have writte n it out D. ought to write it out25. Shall I tell Joh n about it?No, you. I've told him already. (SZTKHX )A. need n'tB. would n'tC. must n'tD. should n't26. There were alre

39、ady five people in the car but they man aged to take me as well.Ita comfortable journey. (SZTKHX )A. can't beB. should n't beC. must n't have bee nD. could n't have bee n27. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jackbe here at any moment.( SZTKHX )A. must B. n eedC. should D. can28. .Wh

40、e n he was there, hego to that coffee shop at the corner after workevery day. (SZTKHX )A. would B. should C. had better D. might29. .Sir, yoube sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only. (SZTKHX )A. ought n't toB. can'tC. won'tD. need n'tget out. (SZTKHX )30. Th

41、e fire sp read through the hotel very quickly but every oneA. had to B. would C. could D. was able to31. -Whe n can I come for the p hotos? I n eed them tomorrow after noon.-Theybe ready by 12:00. (SZTKHX )A. can B. should C. might D. n eed32. .-I stayed at a hotel while in New York.-Oh, did you? Yo

42、uwith Barbara. (SZTKHX )A. could have stayed B. could stayC. would stay D. must have stayed33. Will you stay for lun ch?Sorry, ,My brother is coming to see me. (SZTKHX )A. I must n't B.I ca n't C. I need n't D.I won't34. Sorrym late. I have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to

43、 sleep again.(SZTKHX )A. might B. should C. can D. will35. I should have been there, but Inot find the time. (SZTKHX )A. would B. could C. might D. shouldthe Grand Theatre yesterday after noon, so heyour lecture.36. My sister met him atB. n eed n't have atte ndedD. should n't have atte nded(

44、SZTKHX )A. could n't have atte ndedC. must n't have atte nded37. - Are you coming to Jeff's p arty?-rm n ot sure. Igo to the con cert in stead. (SZTKHX )A. must B. wouldC. should D. might38. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. Howit be that he was late for the openingceremony? (SZTKHX )A

45、. can B. should C. may D. musta goal.(SZTKHX )39 He hesitated for a mome nt before kicki ng the ball, otherwise heA. had scored B. scoredC. would score D. would have scored40. Write to me whe n you get home.(SZTKHX )D. I can_ home without a word. (SZTKHX )A . I must B. I should C. I will41. I was re

46、ally an xious about you. You _A. must n't leaveB. Should n't have leftC. Could n't have leftD. need n't leaveso much fried chicken just now.42. Oh, I ' mnot feeling well in the stomach, I(SZTKHX )A. shouldn ' t cut B. mustn ' t have eatenC. shouldn ' t have eaterD. mu

47、stn ' t eat43. -I heard they went skii ng in the mountains last win ter. (SZTKHX )-Itbe true because there was little snow there.A may not be B won' t be C couldn ' t beD mustn ' t be44. It has bee n announ ced that candidatesrema in in their seats un til all the papers have bee ncol

48、lected. (SZTKHX )A canB willC mayD shallbe lefe for a short time, especially in aD. will(2004)(SZTKHX ) D. needn 't45. A left-luggage office is a place where bags railway station. (SZTKHX )A. should B. can C. must46. - I don't mind telli ng you what I know.-You . I'm not ask ing you for

49、it.A. must n't B. may not C. can'treport it to the police? (SZTKHX )47. I ofte n see lights in that empty house. Do you think IA. shouldB. may C. willD. can(SZTKHXhpw up.48. Mr.Whiteat 8:30 for the meeti ng, but he did nA. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. sho

50、uld be arriv ing49. Yoube tired - you've only been working for an hour. (SZTKHX )A. must notB. won' t C. can' t D. may not50. Who is the girl standing over there ? (SZTKHX )Well , if youknow , her n ame is Mabel.A. may B. can C. must D. shall51. - Is n' t that Ann's husba nd over

51、 there?-No, itbe him -I'm sure he does n't wear glasses, SZTKHX )A. can't B. must not C. won'tD. may not52. - Excuse me, but I want to use your compu ter to type a rep ort.-You have my computer if you don't take care of it. (SZTKHX )A. sha n'tB. might not C. need n'tD. sh

52、ould n't53. “ The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides, ” declared the judge. (SZTKHX )A. may B. should C. must D. shall54. Ipay Tracy a visit, but I' m not sure whether I will have time thSZTJKHXy)A. shouldB. might C. would D. could55. Ihave bee

53、n more than six years old when the accident happened( SZTKHX )A. shouldn Bt couldn ' C. mustn ' D. needn t56. Therebe any difficulty about p ass ing the road test since you have p ractised a lot in thedriving school. (SZTKHX )A . mustn B. shan C. shouldn D . neednt57. -Lucy does n t mind len

54、ding you her dicti on ary.-She. I ve already borrowed oQSZTKHX )A. can t B. mustn C . needn D. shouldn tat lease58. I was on the highway whe n this car went past followed by a p olice car. They150 km an hour. (SZTKHX )A. should have bee n doing B. must have bee n doingC. could have doneD. would have

55、 done'(SZTKHXreyet.59. Hele ngo on the trip with us, but she isnA. shall B. must C. may D. can't be enjoying himself by the seas60. Hehave compi eted his work; otherwise, he would n(SZTKHX )A. should B. must C. wouldn D can t61. Do you know where David is? I could n t find him any where.Well

56、 . He have gone fa his coat s still hei(e5ZTKHX )A. shouldn Bt mustn C. can D. wouldn t62. - The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.- Oh, dear! Shea lot of difficulties! (SZTKHX )A. may go throughB. might go throughC. ought to have gone throughD.

57、must have gone through63. This cake is very sweet. Youa lot of sugar in it. (SZTKHX )A. should put B. could have put C. might put D . must have put64. Tom , you leave all your clothes on the floor like this !(SZTKHX )A. wouldn ' tB . mustn' tC. needn' tD. may not65. Catheri ne, I have cl

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