完型解题技巧学生版

1、完形填空解题微技巧完形填空属于对英语语言知识的综合运用能力的考查，解题中需要运用很多技巧，现结合2010年的高考试题对这些技巧分析如下：一、利用复现关系解题复现是行文不可避免要使用的一种词汇衔接手段，它通过原词、同(近)义词、概括词等形式重复某一信息。复现包括原词复现、同根词复现、同(近)义复现、反义复现和解释型复现等。看下面的例子：Introduction to Letters to SamDear Reader,Please allow me to tell you something before you read this book. When my 36, Sam, was born

2、, my heartwas filled with joy. I had been sitting in a wheelchair for 20 years before then, and I have been (37. seriously) ill many times. So I won dered if I would have the (38. time) to tell Sam what I had (39. observed).For years I have been hosting a program on the 40 and writing articles for a

3、 magazine. Being _41 to move freely, I have learned to sit still and keep my heart 42, exchanging thoughts with thousands ofliste ners and 43. So whe n Sam was born, I (44. decided) to tell him about school and frien dship, roma neeand work, love and everyth ing else. Thats how I started to w5te the

4、sped that Sam would (46. read)them sooner or later.（2010年重庆卷）36. A. sonB. n ephewC.brotherD. grandson40. A. radioB. televisi onC. stageD. bed41. A. readyB. un ableC.an xiousD.eager42. A. warmB. broke nC.closedD.open43. A. hostsB. visitorsC.readersD. reporters45. A. lettersB. emailsC.booksD. diaries、

5、利用语境共现解题完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，围绕一个话题展开，因此在行文中语境的共现是不可避免的。看下面的例子：（2010年江苏卷 ）Another person' s enthusiasm was what set me moving toward the success I have achieved.That pers on was my stepmother.I was nine years old whe n she en tered our home in rural Virgi nia. My father （36. i ntroduced） me to her

6、 with these words:"I would like you to meet the fellow who is 37 for being the worst boy in this county and willprobably start throw ing rocks at you no 38tha n tomorrow morni ng.”37. A. disti nguishedB. favoredC. mistake nD. rewarded38. A. soonerB. laterC. Ion gerD. earlier本文为夹叙夹议类记叙文。作者通过讲述继母

7、对于自己以及一家人的改变所起的作用，让我们明白一个深刻的道理：热情的有效释放，将会成为人前进的巨大动力。三、利用上下文逻辑关系解题只有明确文章结构，了解段与段之间、句与句之间的逻辑关系，才能加深对文章的理解，从而在空白 处填入正确的词语，这就要求考生熟悉和掌握一些常用的表示逻辑关系的词语。（2010年北京卷 ）I met Mrs. Neidl in the ninth grade on a stage-design team for a play and she was one of thedirectors. Almost in sta ntly I loved her. She had a

8、n un pleasa nt voice and a direct way of speak ing,36 shewas en couragi ng and in spiri ng. For some reas on, she was impressed with my work and me.36. A. andB. yetC. soD. for四、利用文化背景和生活常识解题完形填空以完整的语篇信息为基础，其问题交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识和生活常识，考查考生灵活运用该方面知识的能力。现以2010年陕西卷为例分析如下：I used to live selfishly, I should

9、admit. But one mome nt cha nged me.I was on my lunch break and had 26 the office to get somethi ng to eat. On the way, I 27 a busker (街头艺人),with a hat in front of him. I had some 28 in my pocket, but I would not give them to him, thi nking to myself he would (29. only) use the money to feed his addi

10、ct ion to drugs or alcohol. He (30. looked) like that type young and ragged. (31. But) what was I going to spe nd the money on? Only to feed my addicti on to Coca-Cola or chocolate! I the n (32. realized) I had no right to place myself above (33. him) just because he wasbusk ing.26. A. left27. A. le

11、d28. A. chocolatesB. clea nedB. choseB. coinsC. preparedC. sawC. tinsD. searchedD. fooledD. drugs9本文是一篇记叙文。文章记叙的是发生在作者身上的一件真实的事情。正是这件事情改变了作者，让 他认识到给予”本身就是一种快乐。前三空可利用生活常识解题。五、利用固定搭配或习惯表达解题运用词语间的搭配关系， 考生经常可以无需过度依赖上下文信息而直接确定答案，即使确定不了答案,也往往可以排除一些明显不符合搭配关系的选项，缩小选择范围，提高答案的准确率。(2010年江西卷)When Alice started

12、to cycle home from Jenny' s house, she wasn ' t nervous. She was cnot afraid of the dark. (36. Besides), it was only a 15-minute ride home. But halfway there, she bega n to wish thatshe hadn ' t beso (37. brave).As she rounded a sharp bend, it suddenly (38. grew) cold very cold. Alice &#

13、39; s breath became puffs of white cloud and her legs were so cold that it became hard to ride.With her heart beating fast, she struggled so hard to move (39. forward) that she didn ' htear the car which suddenly appeared beside her. She stopped by the road. The big black car also (40. stopped).

14、 Slowly, the passe nger-w in dow bega n to slide dow n. Alice held her breath. In the soft light in side the car, someth ing (41.moved). Then, the light brightened and Alice was staring at a sweet, grey- haired old lady.“ Hello, dear,” said theold lady."heed (42. help). I ' nafraid I '

15、host. I need to find the nearest airport. I must be there in the next fiveminu tes. ”Airport? You (43. certainly) are lost,Alice said.You n eed to go back five kilometers (44. un til) y(the T-junction. Turn left and (45. drive) for about another 10 kilometers to the main highway. From there, justfol

16、low the (46. sig ns) to the airport. But Im faid tyond ll getthen® in five minutes!replied the old lady.C. timeC. make it“ D8n' tnMome. I ' llD. wayD. finish itThank you very much, dear,47. A. doubtB. room48. A. have itB. get it本文是一篇记叙文。爱丽丝骑自行车在寒冷的夜晚从珍妮家艰难地回家。在路上，遇到一位因去机场 而迷路的驾着黑色小车的老妇人

17、，爱丽丝尽其所能地帮助了这位老人。六、利用语篇结构层次解题完形填空的取材多为完整性、严密性非常好的文章。如果是记叙文，其故事结构完整一一包括事件的时间、地点、人物、起因、发展以及结局等。如果是说明文，应该层次分明、一目了然。如果是议论文， 应论点明确、论证严密。基于完形填空取材的上述特点，我们可以从中得知一些解题信息。例如：(2010年安徽卷)First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be (40. easy) to use. The thickness of the pen is the most importan

18、t characteristic (特征)(41. determining) comfort. Having a small hand and thick fin gers, you may be comfortable with a thin pen .If you have a (42. larger) hand and thicker fin gers, you may (43. prefer) a fatter pen. The len gth of a pen can (44. also) in flue nee comfort. A pen that is too (45. lo

19、ng) can easily feel top-heavy and un stable.Then, the writ ing point of the pen should (46. allow) the ink to flow evenly (均匀地)while the pen rema ins in touch with the paper. (47. This) will make it possible for you to create a (48. smooth) line of writing. The point should also be sen sitive eno ug

20、h to (49. preve nt) ink from running whe n the pen is lifted. A point that does not block the (50. flow) may leave drops of ink, (51. as) you pick the pen up and put it dow n aga in.52, the pen should make a thick, dark line. Fine-line pens may (53. compensate for) bad handwriting, butfine, delicate

21、 lines do not comma nd (54. atte nti on) n ext to prin ted text, as, (55. for example), a sig nature on a prin ted letter. A broader line, on the other hand, gives an impressi on of con fide nce and authority (权威).52. A. Mea nwhileB. Ge nerallyC. AfterwardsD. Fi nally本文为说明文，介绍的是选购钢笔的一些方法与技巧。七、读好段落首句

22、，推测全文内容完形填空通常首句不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，熟悉语言环境，建立正确的思维导向。读好 第一句不仅能把握文章大意，而且能把握住作者的态度：对于此事是褒是贬？态度不同选用的词汇自然就 不同。在读了第一句后，不妨略作停顿，推测一下故事的发展。有了与作者同样的思路便有了良好的开端，避免走弯路。【例】 Behind our house is the start of a fascinating trail (小径).This trail is one of the old roads that wind through un told miles of forest. My 36 ,

23、Bea ns, and I walk the trail freque ntlyBea ns is a white dog, quite han dsome and(2010 湖南)36. A. deerB. dogC. ladyD. man【解析】B。根据第二段第一句 Bea ns is a white dog可判断选B。短文的第一句话提到作者的房子后面 是一条小径的开始。据此，我们可以推测出此后的内容肯定和这条小径以及作者的这条狗有关。八、妙用语境一般来说，完形填空的四个选项词性相同，如都是动词原形、副词、名词复数形式等。所以要注意他 们之间在意义上的细微差异。同时，一定要把这些选项放到特

24、定的语境里进行区分、辨别，从而选出正确 答案。【例 1 】 Beans is a white dog, quite handsome and very 38. He not only understands what we tell him, butalso ofte n makes sounds (湖南0)38. A. smartB. sweetC. slowD. shy【例 2】 Moody faces 34 in three years, when he hopes to run the foundation full-time.（2010天津）34. A. un employme nt

25、B. challe ngeC. competiti on D. retireme nt完形填空专项练习 （一）AWhen you make a mistake, big or smallcherish （珍视）it like it' s the most precious thing in the world.Most of us feel 1 when making mistakes. That ' s only natural: we were taught from a young age that we should try to 2 mistakes. We are

26、always 3whe n we make mistakes at home, school or work.Yet without mistakes, we couldn ' learn or 4 . If you think about it that way, mistakes should be celebrated for being one of the most 5 things in the world: they make lear ning possible; they make growth and 6 possible.Think about how we 7:

27、 we don ' t just get information about something and instantly know it or knowhow to do it. You don 8 t read about painting, writing or computer programming, and know how to do them right away.9, you get in formati on about someth ing from readi ng or from ano ther pers on or from observi ng usu

28、ally.Then you 10 a model in your mind. Then you test it out by11it in the real world. Then you makemistakes. The n you revise the 12 accord ing to the results. And you 13 that mak ing mistakes, learni ng from them 14 you ' vtearned how to do something.That ' s how we learn as babies and as 1

29、5.Mistakes happe n whe n we lear n to do someth ing16 because if you succeed at someth in g, it' s probablysomething you have already known how to do. You haven' t really grown much from th at most it ' sthe last step on your journey, not the 18 journey. Most of the journey was made up o

30、f 19, if it ' s a goodjourn ey.So if you20 lear ning, grow ing and improv ing, the n you should celebrate your mistakes, cherish them andsmile.1. A. sickB. stra ngeC. badD. cold2. A. hateB. correctC. ig noreD. avoid3. A. exam inedB. scoldedC. permittedD. disturbed4. A. growB. breatheC. liveD. wo

31、rk5. A. worryi ngB. amaz ingC. amus ingD. shock ing6. A. moveme ntB. educati onC. improveme ntD. con struct ion7. A. actB. practiceC. competeD. lear n8. A. justB. evenC. patie ntlyD. carefully9. A. ThereforeB. In steadC. BesidesD. Still10. A. con structB. hireC. checkD. recog nize11. A. deliveri ngB

32、. in creas ingC. tasti ngD. tryi ng12. A. reasonB. modelC. markD. comme nt13. A. compareB. prepareC. repeatD. forget14. A. un tilB. ifC. uni essD. although15. A. teachersB. adultsC. menD. wome n16. A. easyB. similarC. popularD. new17. A. dista neeB. directi onC. successD. state18. A. wholeB. sameC.

33、firstD. differe nt19. A. mistakesB. experime ntsC. evide ncesD. goals20. A. i nviteB. meetC. refuseD. ValueB“ Can I see my baby? ” the happy new mother asked. When she looked upon his tihy , tears filled her eyes.The baby had bee n born without ears.2, however, proved that the baby' s hearing wa

34、s perfect. It was only his appearancerthiartedas损坏）.When he 3 home from school one day and cried in his mother' s arms, she sigh4d, that his lifewas to be a series of heartbreaks. He cried out,“ A big break （畸形人ie.d me aHe grew up, han dsome and a favorite with his fellow stude nts. He might hav

35、e bee n class preside nt, but for that.The boy ' s father had a 5 with the family doctor.lievS'llbuld transplant a pair of outer ears, _6they could be acquired,” said the doctor. Thus,7he began for a person who would make such a sacrificefor a young man.Two years went by. Then,“ You are goin

36、g to the hospital, Son. Someone will the ears, ” said the father.The operation was a 9 . Later he finished college and 10 the government department.One day, he asked his father,“ Who gave me so much? Ilbuld do eno ugh for him or her.”"I don12_ you could,” said the fatherl 3 the a©reement w

37、as that you are not to know, not yet.”The years kept their 14 , but the day did come,one dfjthe days. He stood with his father over hismother ' casket（棺材）.16 , the father raised the thick, reddish-brown hair to show the mother had no 17 .“ Mothersaid she was glad she never let her hair be 18, ”

38、he whispered gently, “ anchobody ever thoughtMother less 19. ”Real beauty lies not in the physical appeara nee, but i n the heart. Real 20 lies not in what is done andknown, but in what is done but not known.1. A. leg2. A. Time3. A. traveled4. A. heari ng5. A. party6. A. uni ess7. A. search8. A. los

39、eB. faceB. SpaceB. approachedB. knowingB. quarrelB. ifB. exam in ati onB. checkC. feetC. TheoryC. droveC. agree ingC. dealC. althoughC. programC. don ateD. handsD. NewsD. rushedD. allowi ngD. talkD. sinceD. i nterviewD. collect9. A. decisi onB. preparati onC. rewardD. success10. A. escapedB. accepte

40、dC. en teredD. con ti nued11. A. onceB. neverC. sometimesD. always12. A. believeB. showC. suggestD. approve13. A. orB. sinceC. butD. so14. A. realityB. purposeC. promiseD. secret15. A. shortestB. darkestC. warmestD. safest16. A. GentlyB. QuicklyC. GraduallyD. Immediately17. A. voicesB. hairsC. earsD

41、. eyes18. A. pulledB. foundC. washedD. cut19. A. beautifulB. activeC. skillfulD. con fide nt20. A. don ati onB. successC. loveD. lifeCEvery morning a woma n baked chapati, a kind of In dia n bread, for her family and an extra one for a hungry passer-by. She would 1 place the extra chapati on the win

42、 dowsill, for whoever n eeded it.She 2 a hunchback（驼背者）cameevery day and took the extra chapati.Instead of 3 gratitude, he would mutter （咕哝）the words:“ The evil you do remains with you. The goaodesobacio you! ”This 4 day after day. The woman felt 5“ Nota word of gratitude and every day he muttersthe

43、se words! What does he 6? ”One day she decided to take action.“7I shalthis rude man, ” she said. She added8 to thechapati she prepared for him!As she was about to place it on the windowsill, her hands 9. Immediately, she threw it into the fire andprepared ano ther one.10, the hunchback came, 11 the

44、chapati and muttered the same words. He was totally 12the war in the mind of the woma n.Every day, as the woma n placed the chapati on the win dow, she13 for her son who had gone to adista nt place to seek his fortune. For many mon ths she had no 14of him.That evening, there was a15 on the door. As

45、she opened it, she was 16 to find her sonsta nding there. He had grow n thin and weak.Looking at his mother he said, “ Mom, it ' s a miracle I ' m here. While I was a mile away, I was so hungry that I fell dow n. I would have died, 17 an old hun chback passed by. He was 18 eno ugh to give me

46、 a whole chapati. ”As the mother heard those words, her face turned 19. She remembered the pois oned chapati that shehad made that morning.It was the n that she realized the20of the words:“ The evil you do remains with you. The good youdo comes back to you! ”1. A. alwaysB. sometimesC. n everD. also2

47、. A. rememberedB. won deredC. no ticedD. thought3. A. publish ingB. teach ingC. impress ingD. express ing4. A. passed onB. went onC. we nt offD. pulled up5. A. i nterestedB. n ervousC. aliveD. angry6. A. meanB.speakC. haveD. want7. A. get used toB. get rid ofC. get hold ofD. get on with8. A. sauceB.

48、 stoneC.sandD. pois on9. A. scratchedB. brokeC. trembledD. hurt10. A. For a whileB. As usualC. By the wayD. As a result11. A. turned upB. picked upC. looked upD. gave up12. A. un aware ofB. un heard ofC.exposed toD. capable of13. A. pushedB. sentC. calledD. prayed14. A. truthB. un dersta ndingC. n e

49、wsD. kno wledge15. A. pictureB. knockC. no ticeD. message16. A. surprisedB. frighte nedC. awkwardD. determ ined17. A. whe nB. forC. ifD. but18. A. kindB. stra ngeC.happyD. lucky19. A. bla nkB. pinkC. paleD. red20. A. sig ni fica neeB. situati onC. origi nD. OutcomeDOne day while I was walking to wor

50、k, I decided to bring some flowers that I had picked from my garden thatmornin g. I came across a stra nger, and was in spired to give the 1 to him with a smile card.2 by the sense of joy I felt from givi ng flowers to ano ther pers on, and maybe3 his day, I wan tedto do it aga in.When I got to my 4

51、, I had the idea of anonymously （匿名地）5 flowers around the place.Sometimes the 6 of the building where I work numbs my spirits a little. It' s a nice building with gre7_ it just feels a little boring sometimes. I figured lots of people might8 the same way, so why not put alittle 9 there, and thro

52、w in an in spirati onal quote （引述）while I ' mgood at it? 10 , who does n 'like flowers?So, for the past mon th, I' vebeenflowers in a little cup on the sink in the bathroom. Each week, I12 the flowers and the quote. It always feels 13 for me to read quotes like Gandhi ' s"Thefra

53、granee always 14 on the hand that gives the rose. ”f anything, it at least makes me smile each time I visit the 15.Then today, whe n I walked in, I no ticed16flowers in the cup, and a（n） 17 that some one else had writte n!It said, “ Be the change yo8 to see in the world.Gandhi. ”For me, seeing this

54、little act was a 19 that, at the end of the day, we ' re all just people with hearts, 20the various roles and different hats we may wear in the workplace.I did a little dance and was smiling wide for the rest of the day!1. A. bu nchB. appleC. salaryD. bread2. A. PraisedB. StruckC. RejectedD. Bea

55、te n3. A. atte ndingB. delay ingC. brighte ningD. feeli ng4. A. homeB. officeC.shopD. school5. A. leavi ngB. pla nti ngC. deliveri ngD. collecti ng6. A. lookB. man agerC. atmosphereD. frame7. A. butB. forC. soD. or8. A. likeB. haveC. feelD. work9. A. beautyB. hopeC. lifeD. suggesti on10. A. For exam

56、pleB. After allC. In shortD. I n particular11. A. ig noringB. sell ingC. picki ngD. putt ing12. A. cha ngedB. postedC. fou ndD. received13. A. refreshi ngB. worryi ngC. puzzli ngD. bori ng14. A. disappearsB. remai nsC. goesD.happens15. A. compa nyB. kitchenC. bathroomD. livi ng room16. A. similarB. sameC. oldD. new17. A. quoteB. adC. addressD. no tice18. A. failB. wishC. promiseD. agree19. A. storyB. themeC. remin derD.