(完整版)初中语法一般现在时和现在进行时讲解、练习含答案

1、一般现在时：一、定义与讲解：一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作 或一般性事实。,也可表示现在的状态 或主语具备的性格和能力。通常与副词 every day （每天），always （总是）usually（通常），often（经常）sometimes（有时）,等时间状语连用。例：（1）表示事物或人物的特征、状态。The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。Mary' s father is an En glish teacher.玛丽的爸爸是一名英语老师。（2）表示经常性或习惯性的动作。I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。She plays sports

2、every day.她每天都做运动。（3）表示客观现实。The table has four legs.桌子有四条腿。There are 50 students in my class.我们班有 50 个学生。（4）表示客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，等客观事实或格言谚语等。The sun rises in the east every day.太阳每天从东方升起。The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。（5）表示平日的喜好。I like bananas. We don ' t like vegetables.He likes ice cream. S

3、he doesn ' t like strawberries.二只有主语在第三人称单数时用动词的“三单形式”， 其他人称用动词原形。动词三单形式的变化规则：1. （1）多数直接在动词词尾加-s.play plays like likesask-asks work-works get-gets call-calls（2）以字母s, x, ch, sh 或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es.watch-watches wish-wishes do-does go-goes（3）以“辅音字母加-y ”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es.try-tries study-studies cry-c

4、ries fly-flies2. 不规则变化：be- is have-has三、一般现在时的句子转换：（1） 变一般疑问句：当句子中有be动词或情态动词 时，则把be动词或情态动 词（can,could等）提到主语的前面，（口诀：一调二变三问号）；（2）变否定句：在be动词或情态动词后面直接加not变成否定句.（be后not 莫忘记）例：陈述句：She is my sister.疑问句f Is she your sister? Yes, I am./ No, I' m not.否定句f She is not my sister.陈述句：I can play soccer.疑问句f Ca

5、n you play soccer? Yes,Ican./ No, I can' t.否定句f I can not /can' t play soccer.注意：对一般疑问句的回答：一般用什么问就用什么来回答。t.但以下例外：Is this a pencil? Yes , it is./ No, it isnIs that your backpack? Yes , it is./ No, it isn ' t.Are these your parents? Yes, they o, they aren ' t.Are those Jim ' s brot

6、hers? Yes, they ' re./ No, they aren ' t.（3）当句子中没有be动词，也没有情态动词时，变一般疑问句时，在主语前加 助动词do （I, we, you, 以及复数）,does （第三人称单数she,he,it 等）变成 问句；（4） 变否定句时，在主语后谓语动词前加助动词 don' t, doesn ' t变成否定 句，切记：助动词后的动词则还原成动词原形。例：陈述句： We get up （起床）at 7:00 every morning. 疑问句f Do you get up at 7:00 every morning

7、? 否定句f We don' t get up at 7:00 every morning.陈述句：She has a brother.疑问句f Does she have a brother?否定句f She doesn ' t have a brother.探 在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单 数形式，即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。但有些同学们对于哪些主语是 第三人称单数 还不十分清楚，现归纳总结如下：一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如：He likes watchi ng TV.他喜欢看电视。She has lunch a

8、t twelve.她十二点吃午餐。二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。女口： Han Mei likes salsd .韩梅喜欢萨拉。 Beiji ng is in Chi na.北京在中国。 Un cle Wang ofte n plays volleyball.王叔叔经常打排球。三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时，是第三人称单数。女口： This book is yours.这本书是你的。 That car is red. The cat is Lucy's.这只猫是露茜的。四、不定代词 some one,

9、 somebody, no body, everyth ing, someth ing等及指示代词this, that作主语时，是第三人称单数。 Every one is here.大家到齐了。 There is a watch on the table.桌上有块手表。 This is a pen.这是一支钢笔。 That is an eraser.五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数 。如： The milk （牛奶）is in the glass.牛奶在玻璃杯里。 The bread is very small.那面包很小。六、 当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。如： "6

10、" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。 "I" is a letter. "I"是个字母。一、按照要求改写句子your pencil ?1. This is my pencil ?（变一般疑问句）2. These red socks are Kate （变一般疑问句）socks Kate ' s ?3. Mary does not have any books .变肯定句)some books .4. She likes the black bag very much .变为否定句)5. I

11、like apples.(用 she改写句子) 6. It anfnglish dictionary .对画线部分提问)7. He has hamburger and apples for dinner .变一般疑问句)二、用Be动词填空。1. youLi Fen ? No, not .2. Mr. green very busy? Yes , he .3.This bookvery interesting . 4. What classyou in ?5. You and I good friends .6. The basketball clubfun .三用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.

12、Lin Tao (like) his ruler . 2. Let (have) ice cream .3. Let 's (play) tennis ! 4. He (like) En glish.5. Nice (meet) you ! 6. I (need) some fruits.一般现在时用法专练：一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。have like drinkgostaystudyteachmakelookhavecomewatchplantfly do 二、用括号内动词的适匝式填 1. He ofte n(have) dinner at home.2. Dan iel

13、and Tommy(be) in Class One.3. We(not watch) TV on Mo nday.4. Nick(not go) to the zoo on Sun day.5. they(like) pears?6. your pare nts(have) eggs every day?7. There(be) some water in the bottle.18. Mike(like) cooki ng.9. They(have) the same hobby.10. Liu Tao(do) not like PE.11. This boy ofte n(watch)

14、TV in the eve ning.五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1. Is your brother speak En glish?2. Does he likes going fish ing? 3. He likes play games after class.4. Mr. Wu teachs us En glish. 5. She don ' t do her homework on Sun days.一般现在时态句型1. This is a white key.（对画线部分讲行提问）2. Ben' s bag is yellow and red .

15、(对画线部分讲行提问)3. Her name is Gina.（对画线部分进行提问）4. My phone number is 673-8220.（对画线部分进行提问）5. The boy' s name is Jack.对画线部分进行提问）6. The picture is on the wall.（对画线部分进行提问）7. Your baseball is under the chair.（对画线部分进行提问）8. His book is on the desk.对画线部分进行提问）9. Some balls are in thedresser.对画线部分进行提问）10. My c

16、omputer is on my desk.对画线部分进行提问）11. He is Johnny.（改为一般疑冋句）12. These are his parents.改为一般疑问句）13. This is my sister.改为一般疑问句）14. The baseball is under the bed.改为一般疑问句）15. My key is on the bed.改为一般疑问句）16. He has a tennis racket.改为一般疑问句）17.1 have some baseball bats.改为一般疑问句）18.She has many things to do to

17、day.改为一般疑问句）19.1 like hamburgers .改为一般疑问句）20.They have a TV.（改为一般疑问句）25. You are Tina.（改为否定句）26. These are my brothers.改为否定句）27. The books are on the bookcase.改为否定句）28. Three books are under the desk.改为否定句）29.She has a computer game.改为否定句）30. We have a big TV in our house.改为否定句）31. Kate has some mon

18、ey in her pocket.（改为否定句）32. He likes ice cream. 改为否定句）34.Nice to meet you!（写出答语）35.1s that a dictionary ?（改为复数句）36These arephotos.（改为单数句）37.Is he your cousin?（作肯疋回答）38.Is Lindahis sister?作否定回答）39.Is this a40.Those areChinese book?（作否定回答） dictionaries.（改为单数句）41.Is the CD on the sofa?（作肯疋回答）42.Are the

19、chairs next to the table ?作否定回答）43.Where ismy book ?（改为复数句子）44.They areon the sofa .（改为单数句子）一、现在进行时的含义现在进行时是由"助动词be（am, is, are） +动词-ing ”构成，表示说话者"此刻”或现阶段的行为。二、现在进行时的基本结构1. 肯定句：主语 +be（am, is, are）+现在分词+ 例如：I am speak ing with him on the phone.我正和他通电话。He is playi ng tenn is.他正在打网球。My pare n

20、ts are dancing.我父母正在跳2. 否定句：主语+be not+现在分词+ 例如：I'm n ot studyi ng.我没在学习。She is not readi ng now.现在她不是在看书。They are not writ ing.他们没在写。3.一般疑问句：Be动词+主语+现在分词+?例如：（1） Is she still helping Li Ling?不，她没在帮李玲。她还在帮助李玲吗？一Yes, she is. 是的。/No, she isn't. Yes, I am. 是的。 /No, I'm not. 不，我没有听音乐。4 特殊疑问句：

21、特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+现在分词+?例如： What are you studying? 你正在学什么？ I'm studying English. 我在学英 语。 What is Mike doing? 迈克在做什么？ He is watching the football match.他在看足球比赛。三、现在分词的变化规则1. 一般在动词末尾加 ing, 如： think-thinkinggo-going2. 以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，先去掉 e, 再加 ing ，如：come-comingmake-making3. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一

22、个辅音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 ing, 如： put-puttingrun-running四、现在进行时的基本用法1 表示此时此刻（说话者）正在进行的动作。例如：The teacher is talking with his students.这位老师正在同他的学生交谈。What are you doing now? 你现在干什么呢？2 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻并不一定在进行。例如：We are doing an experiment this week.我们这个星期正在做一个实验。（ 但说话时并不一定在做实验。 ）3. 现在进行时有时可用来表示将来发生的动作，这一用法常用于

23、go, come, leave,start 等短暂性动词，后面也常用表示较近的将来时间状语 （ 如 tomorrow, tonight, this morning/Friday等） ，表示安排或计划好的事情。例如：We are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.我们明天启程去上海。4. 现在进行时表示说话时正发生的或者正进行的动作。常与时间状语now , at themoment 等连用。It is raining hard now . Don't hurry .I am writing a letter . Will you please turn down

24、 the radioWatch out （ 当心 ） ! It's falling .Look ! The clouds are gathering .Look at this picture of a busy railway station . A train is standing at oneof the platforms ready to leave . Someof thepassengers are looking out of the windows watching the late-comers who are hurrying along looking for

25、 empty seats .We are busy at the moment . I'm selling cigarettes . My father is selling somesweets .5. 表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。We are going to Rome next week . Mr Black is leaving for Shanghai in a fewdays .Are you doing anything special tonight ?6用在时间和条件状语从句中表达将来正进行的动作。I'll telephone you tomorrow w

26、hile I'm waiting .I'll think about it while you are writing the report .When you are talking with him , take care not to mention this .If you are standing at the corner when I pass , I'll give you a lift into town .五、现在进行时的练习题 按要求改写句子The boy is playing basketball.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯定回答： 否定回答：

27、对“ is playing basketball”提问： 对“ The boy ”提问： They are singing in the classroom.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯定回答： 否定回答：对“ are singing ” 提问： 对 “ in the classroom ” 提问： 4. she,the window ,ope n, no w.(用现在进行时连词成句.)5. The birds are singing in the tree.(就划线部分提问)6.is,who,the window, cleaning?(连词成句 )7. The childre n are pl

28、ay ing games n ear the house.( 就划线部分提问 )8.She is closing the door now.(改成否定句 )9.You are doing your homework.(用“ I ”作主语改写句子）10.they,the tree, sing, now, under.(用现在进行时连词成句.）11.The Young Pion eers are helpi ng the old woma n.(改成一般疑问句）II. 单项选择()1.我在照看孩子.(A) l am look ing after the baby.(C)I look am afte

29、ring the baby.()2.frien d's maki ng(B) I'm look afteri ng the baby(D)I look ing after the baby.a kite.(A) I, me(B)My, my(C)My, me(D)His, his( )3.Is the woman yellow your teacher?(A) in(B)putting on(C)wearing(D)having( )4.Look!The twins their mother do the housework.(A)are wanting (B)help (C)

30、are helping (D)are looking( )5.are the birds doing? They are singing in a tree.(A)Who(B)What( )6.Is she something?(A)eat(B)eating( )7. 你在干什么 ?(A)What is you doing?(C) What are you doing?( )8.What are you listening?(A)/ (B)for( )9. 我正在听他说话 .(A)I listening to him.(C)I'm listen to him.( )10.They ar

31、e their clothes.(A)makeing (B)puttingIII. 用现在进行时完成下列句子(C)How(D)Where(C)eatting(D)eats(B) What are you do?(D) What do you do?(C) at (D)to(B) I'm listening to him.(D) I'm listening him.(C) put away(D)putting on1.Whatyou(do)? 2.I(sing)an English song.3.Whathe(mend)? 4.He(mend) a car.5.you(fly)

32、a kite? Yes ,.6. she(sit) in the boat?7. you(ask) questi ons?8. We(play) games now.9. The man(work) n ear the house now.Many animals use some kind of “anguage”. They use signals(信号)and the signals have meanin gs. For example, whe n a bee蜜蜂) has found some food, it goes 16 home. It is 17 for a bee to

33、 tell 18 bees where the food is by speaking to 19, but it can do a littledancing. This tells the bees where the food is and 20 it is.Some ani mals show how they feel by making soun ds. It is not difficult to21 . If a dog isangry, it barks(吠).Birds make several different sounds and 22 has its own mea

34、ning. Sometimes we humans make sounds 23 . We make sounds like “Oh!” or “Ouch!” to show how we feel about someth ing or whe n we 24 somethi ng on our feet.We humans have Ianguages. We have words. These words have the meaning of things, actions(行动),feelings or ideas. We 25 give each other information

35、. Writing down words , we can remember what has happe ned or send messages to people far away.()16.A.out ofB.o n withC.away fromD.back()17.A.importa ntB.difficultC.n ecessaryD.impossible()18.A.each otherB.ano therC.otherD.others()19.A.itB.himC.themD.themselves()20. A.how longB.how farC.how manyD.how

36、 old()21.A.watchB.seeC.lookD.tell()22 .A. eachB.everyC.allD.some()23.A.i n the same soundB.by differe nt soundsC.i n the same wayD.by differe nt ways()24.A. putB.dropC.fallD.set()25. A.couldB.are able toC.couldn 'tD.be able toIV .阅读理解。(共30分)(A)Pla nts are very importa nt. This is because pla nts

37、 can make food from air, water and sun light.Ani mals and man cannot make food from air, water and sun light. Ani mals can get their food by eati ng pla nts and other ani mals. Man gets his food by eat ing pla nts and ani mals, too. So ani mals and man n eed pla nts in order to live. This is why there are so many pla