测绘英语翻译第七章

1、Unit 7 Robotic Total Station (智能型全站仪For many years, the optical transit was the surveyor s tool of choice to measure angles. (多年以来,光学【 optical 】经纬仪一直是测量人员测角的工具选择By the 1970s, however, the electronic theodolite began to replace the transit since it could measure angles more accurately on both the hor

2、izontal and vertical axes. (然而, 20世界 70年代,由于【 since 】它在水平轴和垂直轴方向上测角更精确【就是水 平角竖直角】 ,电子经纬仪开始代替经纬仪。 In the early 1980s, “ total stations, ” which measure distances very accurately by using electronic distance meters (EDMs, became the instrument of choice.(80年 代早期,采用 EDMs 非常精确的测距的全站仪,成为测量仪器的选择。 Then in

3、late 1990, Geodimeter, Dandryd Sweden introduced the first “ robotic total station ” adding automatic tracking and radio communication to a radio and data collector at the “ target ” or pole.(然后在 90年代后期,瑞典 Dandryd 【应该是瑞 典的一个地名】 Geodimeter 【公司名】 ,推出【 introduce 介绍、提出】了第一台“智能型 全站仪” ,在“目标”或测杆上增加了一个有自动跟踪

4、【 automatic tracking】和无线电通 讯【 radio communication】功能的信号和数据收集器Thus, for the first time, no person was required at the instrument only at the target, reducing the size of a survey crew.(这样,第一次,仪器不再需要人除 了目标点,减少了测量人员Total Station (全站仪A total station is the most commonly used instruments now in geomatics

5、 engineering, which is fully integrated instrument that capture all the spatial data necessary for a 3-dimensional positional information.(全站仪是现在测绘工程中使用最普遍的 仪器,完全综合的【 fully integrated考虑到平时介绍全站仪的词句,我们可以翻译为全 站型】仪器,可以获取所有的反映 3维空间位置信息所需的空间数据。 A total station integrates the functions of an electronic the

6、odolite for measuring angles, an EDM for measuring distances, digital data and a data recorder.(全站 仪整合了电子经纬仪的测角功能和 EDM 的测距功能,以及?和数据存储器的功能All total stations have similar constructional features regardless of their age or level of technology, and all perform basically the same functions.(不管他们工艺 的年代和水平

7、如何,所有的全站仪的结构【 constructional 构造的 feature 特征】都是类 似的【 similar 】 ,都能基本【 basically 基本地】完成相同的功能After the instrument has been set up on a control station, centered, leveled and properly oriented, and the prism target has been set up over another point whose position is to be measured, the surveyor may foc

8、us the target and depress a button. (在控制点上安置仪器、对中、整平和恰当的【 properly 】定向【 orient 确定方向、东方】 之后,棱镜【 prism 】目标【目标棱镜】置于测点之上,测量人员就可以照准【 focus 】目标 并按动按钮。 Then output from the horizontal and vertical circular encoders and from the EDM can be displayed at the instrument and stored in a data collector and enter

9、s into a built-in microprocessor. (然后水平和竖直编码【 encoder 编码器】度盘和 EDM 的输出结 果可以显示在仪器上,并可以存储在数据收集里,送入内置的【 built-in 】微处理器 The microprocessor can convert the measured slope distance to the horizontaldistance using the measured vertical or zenith angle.(微处理器可以将测得的斜距 利用测得的竖直角或天顶距转化【 convert 】为平距The microproce

10、ssor also computes the difference in elevation between the instrument center and the prism target. (微处理器还可以计算仪器中心和棱镜目标【目标棱镜】之 间的高差If the elevation of the instrument center (the HI and the height of the reflector target (the HT above the ground are entered, the microprocessor computes the elevation o

11、f the target station taking into account the effect of curvature and refraction. (如果仪器中心的高程(HI 和反射目标到地面的高度(HT 输入仪器,微处 理器在考虑【 take into account】地球曲率和折光影响 后就可以计算出目标站点的高程 Furthermore the microprocessor can also compute the resolution of the horizontal distance together with the current horizontal direc

12、tion, expressed as an azimuth, into a coordinate of the target station. (此外, 微处理器还可以由水平距离和 【 together with 】当前水平方向表示为方位角【 azimuth 】 ,计算出目标点的坐标 【 resolution 分 析、决定 n. 】In construction layout measurement, the data necessary to establish the direction and distance from a control point to locate a const

13、ruction point can be entered into the instrument via the keyboard or directly from an office computer.(在建筑施工 放样测量工作中,在控制点上为建筑点位定位所需的方向和距离数据,可以由【 via 经过】 键盘或直接由办公室的计算机出入到仪器中去Then the surveyor guides the person holding the prism along the line of computed direction until the distance to the point to b

14、e located agrees with the computed distance. (然后, 测量人员引导持棱镜的人沿着计算出的方向线前行, 直到 到所定点距离 于计算出的距离相吻合为止All displayed outputs can also be recorded or stored in electronic field book for further calculations in a computer.(所有显示的输出结果也可以记录或存储在外业电 子手簿当中,用以在计算机中进一步的计算Total stations allow the measurement of many

15、points on a surface being observed within a very short time range. (全站仪使得【 allow 使得得以发生】在观测范围 内,非常短时间内对多点进行观测称为可能Robotic Total Station (智能型全站仪A late 1980s adaption of the total station is the addition of servo motors to drive both the horizontal and the vertical motions of these instruments.(80年代末,

16、全站仪改进【 adaption 改变、改写】是加入伺服【 servo 】电动机【 motor 】 ,用以驱动仪器 的水平和垂直移动【 motion 】 For all the complex electronics inside a robotic total station, the motion is still provided by simple servo motors with a reduction gear system.(在智能型全站仪内 所有的复杂的电子元件, 它们的活动仍然是由简单的带有一个变速 【 reduction 变速、 减速】 齿轮系统的伺服电动机提供的The e

17、nd result must be lightweight, durable and fast and have sub-second positioning accuracy. (最终结果必定是, 质量轻 【原文应该是 light weight , 中间有空格; lightweight 的意思是轻量级选手、不胜任者】 ,耐用的和快速的、有着亚秒级定位精度的When those total stations have been designed with automatic target recognition (ATR function, they allow the user to aut

18、omatically track, measure and record targets. (当带有自动目标识别功能【 automatic target recognition 】的全站仪被设计出后,自动 跟踪【 track 】 、测量和记录目标得以实现。 Current technology provides robotic (motorized total stations that are able to measure angles with an accuracy of ±0.5 and distances with an accuracy of ±1mm+1pp

19、m to a range of 3500m.(当前的技术能够使智能型全站仪在 3500m 的范围内的测 角精度达到±0.5,测距精度达到±1mm+1ppmLatest models are capable of searching automatically for targets and then locking onto them precisely, turning angles automatically to designated points using the uploaded coordinates of those points, repeating an

20、gles by automatically double-centering, and even equipped with automatic data transfer systems.(最近 的样式可以自动搜寻目标并将其精确锁定, 自动转角到指定 【 designated 】 点利用上载 的 【 uploaded 】 这些点的坐标, 通过自动两次置中复测角度, 甚至装备了自动数据转换系统 These instruments, when combined with a remote controller held by the prism surveyor, enable the surv

21、ey to proceed with a reduced need for personnel.(这种仪器,当与 一个可被持镜【 prism 棱镜】测量者持有的遥控装置【 remote controller遥控装置】结合 后,测量工作就可以减少人员【 personnel 人员 n. 】的需要All these characteristics make the robotic total stations very useful for geomatics engineering tasks. (所有这些特性使得智能型全站仪在测绘工程任务当中非常有用Using a robotic total s

22、tation with ATR, first, the telescope must be pointed roughly at the target prism either manually or under software control and then the instrument does the rest.(使用带有 ATR 的智能型全站仪时,首先,望远镜必需大致地 【 roughly 粗略地】照准目标棱镜或者手工【 manually 用手 adv. 】或者软件控制 然后省下的就交给仪器去做了The ATR module is a digital camera that not

23、es the offset of the reflected laser beam, permitting the instrument then to move automatically until the cross hairs have electronically set on the point precisely. (ATR 模块是一个数字照相机, 可以记录 【 note 】 反射激光束的偏移量【 offset 】 ,使得【 permit 使有可能】仪器能够自动移动【转动】 , 直至十字丝电子的调整到正好【 precisely 】照准那个点After the point has

24、been precisely “ sighted ” , the instrument can then read and record the angle and distance.(当该点被正好“看到” ,仪器就可以读出并记录角度和 距离Reports indicate that the time required this process is only one-third to one-half of the time required to obtain the same results by conventional total station techniques. (有报告指出

25、【 indicate 】 ,该过程所需时间仅是使用常规【 conventional 常 规的、传统的】全站仪获得同样结果所需时间的一半或三分之一With the proper ATR-based instrument Leica TCA2003, the surveyor will be able to handle new applications and address existing jobs with a different spin.(利用基 于 ATR 的 Leica TCA2003,测量者将可以从事新的工作 【 application 应用】 【即干以前干 不了的活】 ,也可以

26、以不同的方式【 spin 方式、风格;旋转】从事【 address 从事 v. 】现有 的工作Because of the co-axial target detection system and the use of conventional EDM prisms, daily operation will remain unchanged.(因为同轴【 co-axial 同轴的】目标 探测【 target detection】系统和常规 EDM 棱镜的使用,例行的【 daily 日常的、例行的】 操作保留没有变What will change is the speed with which

27、 data is collected.(改变的是数据采集的 速度Topographical surveys are automated by putting the TCA in Auto-record mode the instrument follows the rod person and automatically records a point at specified distances, time intervals, or whenever the rod is held steady for more than a certain time. (地形测量自动化,将 TCA 设

28、置为自动记录模式仪器跟踪持镜人并按指定的 【 specified 】距离、时间间隔或者当棱镜保持不动超过一定时间就自动记录Take advantage of the measuring speed and have multiple rod people on larger jobs. (在大型项目中,利用【 Take advantage of】测量的速度和复合测杆【复合棱镜】 The TCA2003 can even turn sets of angles while the user prepares for the next traverse point. (当使用者为下个导线点作准备时, TCA2003可以连贯地【 even 】转过若干组角度Take automation a step further and do some “ no-man ” surveying. Robotic total stations are already being used in hazardous areas to provide continuous monitoring of structures or processes.(将自动化更进一步,用于一些“无人”测量工作。智能型 全站仪