大学英语四级综合-33

1、大学英语四级综合-33（ 总分： 180.00 ，做题时间： 90 分钟 ）一、Unit 1 （总题数：4，分数：180.00）Passage OneJust 30 years ago some700 million people lived in cities. Today the number stands at 1,800 million, and by the end of thecentury it will be up to 3,000 million-more than half the worlds estimated population. By the year 2000

2、an estimated 650million people will crowd into 60 cities of five million or more-three quarters of them in the developing world. Only a singleFirst World city-metropolitan Tokyo, which will have 24 million people-is expected to be among the global top five;London, ranked second in 1950 with ten mill

3、ion people, will not even make 2000s top 25. In places where rates ofnatural population increase exceed three percent annually-meaning much of the Third World-that alone is enough todouble a citys population within 20 years. But equally powerful are the streams of hopeful migrants from thecountrysid

4、e.What faces and confuses urban planners is the huge scale of these trends. There have never been cities of 30 millionpeople, let alone ones dependent on roads, sewer and water supplies barely adequate for urban areas a tenth that size.And the flood of new arrivals in swelling Third World cities far

5、 overtakes the supply of jobs-particularly as modemindustries put a premium on technology rather than manpower. So it will be virtually impossible to find permanentemployment for 30 to 40 percent of the 1,000 million new city inhabitants expected by the year 2000.Despite the terrible conditions that

6、 the city newcomers face, their numbers are growing at rates as much as twice that ofthe cities themselves-and every step taken to improve their living conditions in the slums only attracts more migrants.（分数： 45.00 ）（1）.The author uses Tokyo as an example mainly to show that _A. the biggest cities w

7、ill still be in First World countriesB. its development speed will be greater than that of LondonC. most of the biggest cities will be in the Third World countriesD. Japanese will keep control of the growth of big cities such as Tokyo 解析：推断题。文中提及 Tokyo 时用到 Onlya single First World city 了本题选 C。（2）.Wh

8、ich of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Over half of the worlds population will move to cities by 2000.B. The order of the worlds biggest cities will be changed fundamentally by the year 2000.C. The world population will reach about 6,000 million by 2000.D. The poor countries wi

9、ll suffer more from the expansion of cities by 2000.解析：推断题。从第一段的第二句得出C 正确，从第一段的第四句可推断出B 正确，从第二段可推断出D正确，A（到 2000 年过半的世界人口会移向城市）与第一段第二句中“到 2000 年城市人口将超过世界人口的一半”的意思不符，故选 A。（3）.According to the last paragraph, all of the following are true EXCEPT that _ （分数：9.00 ）A. development of modem technology will

10、reduce the use of manpowerB. urban planers will have no past experiences to borrowC. the growth of urban population is faster than that of citiesD. the improvement of urban living conditions is to attract more migrants from the countrysideV解析：推断题。A、B、C 在第三段中都有体现，很容易排除。而该段最后一句的意思是：“每一步改 善贫民区生活环境的措施只会

11、吸引更多的移民（的到来）而已。”D中 is to attract 表目的，与文意不符，故选 D。（4）_ .Theexpressionput a premium on（Line 5, Para 2） can best be replaced by _ （分数： 9.00 ）（分数： 9.00 ）A. are in need ofB. devote much attention toVC. have no lack ofD. think little of解析：语义题。put a premium on 意为“鼓励，重视，根据其所在上下文“.现代工业将.技术上而不是劳动力上”也可推断其意应为“大量

12、注意力”。（5）.Which of the following is the main topic ofthis passage?（分数： 9.00）A. The increase of world population.B. The improvement of urban living conditions.C. The migrants from the countryside and their unemployment.D. The expansion of cities and its consequences,V解析：主旨题。本文主要论述了城市的扩张及其后果，A B、C 都很片面

13、，排除。Passage TwoWater pollution affects mans health, recreational use of water, industrial of water and sense of beauty.The spread of water-carried disease is of great concern. In highly developed countries inparticular, emphasis has shifted from concern over bacterial disease to concern over water-c

14、arried viral（ 病毒性的 ）disease. Viral hepatitis（肝炎）, for example, has been found to occur morefrequently in cities whose water supplies have comparatively high levels of water impurity.Poisonous chemicals found in streams that are ultimately used for water supplies also create an important public healt

15、hproblem.It is clear that poisonous chemicals must be excluded from water, but more and more chemicalsfrom new pesticides,fertilizers, and other new products have been found in water. Since the publichealth significance of these chemicals is not yet fully known, they are of increasing concern.The ch

16、emicals from fertilizers are also finding their way into water supplies from groundwater pollution.As mans desire for water-based recreation increases, greater demands are placed on the qualityof water. The water must not only be attractive in appearance but also meet certain other conditions. Sport

17、s such asswimming involve direct contact with water, and so water standards are raised higher. The range of water qualitynecessary for industrial processes varies greatly with the intended use of water. The water used in steel mills, forexample, must have a lower chloride（ 氯物 ） level than that accep

18、ted for drinking water. Cooling water can often beof comparatively low sanitary quality. A large part of the water used in the paper-making industry can be of relatively lowquality in some aspects, but must contain little iron and carbon dioxide.（分数： 45.00 ）（1）.According to the passage, the people i

19、n highly developed countries today are most concernedabout_ （分数： 9.00 ）A. bacterial diseaseB. water-carried diseaseVC. poisonous chemicals in streamsD. water impurity 解析：细节题。文章第二段第二句话指出在高度发达国家的人，关注水携带疾病的焦点已从细菌疾病转向 病毒性疾病，故选 B。选项 A 是以前的关注点，选项 C 和 D 不合文意。(2)_ .The chemicals from pesticides and fertiliz

20、ers found in water are of increasing concern because(分数： 9.00 )A. their significance to mans health has not been completely knownVB. they may cause groundwater pollutionC. they can find their way into water supplies for farmersD. they are important factors contributing to the spread of disease 解析：细节

21、题。文章第三段第二句话提到由于水中有害化学制品对公众健康的影响还未被充分揭示出来， 人们对此非常关注，故选 A。(3) .According to the passage, water-based recreation demands that_(分数： 9.00 )A. the water contains a higher level of oxygenB. the water contains little iron and carbon dioxideC. the water be attractive and of high qualityVD. the water standard

22、s be appropriate for all sports 解析：细节题。文章第四段第二句提到娱乐用水必须做到外观吸引人又符合特定的条件，包括有较高的水 质，故选 C。(4) .In the last paragraph, the author mentions all of the following EXCEPT _ (分数： 9.00)A. water quality necessary for steel millsB. soft water and hard water for industrial processesVC. cooling water of low sanita

23、ry qualityD. water standards for paper mills解析：细节题。作者在最后一段提到工业用水对水质的要求取决于水的用途，并列举了钢铁厂用水、冷却 水和造纸厂用水，但未提到选项B。(5) .As the passage is not complete, what do you think would follow in its full text?(分数：9.00 )A. The relationship between carbon dioxide and paper making.B. Water pollutions direct economic ef

24、fects on man.C. Examples of continued water pollution.D. Mans views on water pollution in terms of beauty values.V解析：推断题。根据文章第一段可知本文会从四方面讨论水污染，所选部分已涵盖了前三部分内容，接下 来自然会谈到第四部分即 sense of beauty 。Passage ThreeDemandsfor stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs

25、 are felt in the rest ofEurope. Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21 counties are members, have shown that 45 percent of reptilespecies and 24 percent of butterflies are in danger of dying out.European concem for wildlife was outlined by Dr Peter Baum, an expert in the environment and natur

26、al resourcesdivision of the council, when he spoke at a conference arranged by the administrators of a British national park. The parkis one of the few areas in Europe to hold the councils diploma for nature reserves of the highest quality, and Dr PeterBaum had come to present it to the park once ag

27、ain. He was afraid that public opinion was turning against national parks,and that those set up in the 1960s and 1970s could not be set up today. But Dr Baum clearly remained a strongsupporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in peace in their own right.No area c

28、ould be expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as a tourist attraction, he went on. The short-sighted view that reserves had to serve immediate human demandsfor outdoor recreation should be replaced by fullacceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for the future.We f

29、orget that they are the guarantee of life systems, on which any built-up area ultimately depends, Dr Baum went on.We could manage without most industrial products, but we could not manage without nature. However, our naturalenvironment areas, which are the original parts of our countryside, have shr

30、unk to become mere islands in a spoiled andhighly polluted land mass./（分数： 45.00 ）（1）.Recent studies by the council of Europe have indicated that_ （分数： 9.00 ）A. wildlife needs more protection only in BritainB. all species of wildlife in Europe are in danger of dying outC. there are fewer species of

31、reptiles and butterflies in Europe than elsewhereD.many species of reptilesand butterflies in Europe need protectingV解析：细节题。文章第一段提到欧洲45%的爬行动物和 24%的蝴蝶濒临灭绝的危险，故选D。（2）.Why did Dr Baum come to a British national park?（分数： 9.00 ）A. Because he needed to present it with a councils diploma.VB. Because he wa

32、s concerned about its management.C. Because it was the only national park of its kind in Europe.D. Because it was the only park which had ever received a diploma from the Council.解析：细节题。文章第二段中间提到 Peter Baum 博士到英国国家公园再次颁发欧盟执照，故选A。（3）_ .The last sentence in the second paragraph impliesthat _ （分数： 9.00

33、 ）A. people should make every effort to create mere environment areasB. people would go on protecting national parksC. certain areas of countryside should be left intactVD. people would defend the right to develop the areas around national parks解析：推断题。这句话的意思是说 Peter Baum 博士坚定地认为自然环境应该不受人类的侵扰，由此可知， 一

34、些乡村地区也应当不受侵扰，因此选C。（4） .In Dr Baums opinion, the view that a nature reserve should serve as a tourist attractionis_ （分数： 9.00 ）A. idealisticB. revolutionaryC. short-sightedVD. traditional解析：细节题。在文章第三段Peter Baum 博士指出，我们不应当目光短浅地认为自然保护区是户外消遣场所，因此 C 符合题意。（5）.Which of the following can beinferred from the

35、 last paragraph?（分数： 9.00）A. We have developed industry at the expense of countryside.VB. We have forgotten what our original countryside looked like.C. People living on islands should protect natural resources for their survival.D. We should destroy all the built-up areas.解析：推断题。文章的最后一段Peter Baum 博

36、士指出这些自然保护区最初是乡村的一部分，而现在已经成为被严重污染和毁坏的国土中的孤岛，由此可推知，选项A 符合题意。Passage FourScientists are closely concerned with the structure of buildings and with the quality of building materials. The WorldHealth Organization（WHO）observes that the introduction of air conditioning and energy conservation measures have

37、been accompanied by growing problems of indoor air quality. Some pollutants arise from insulation products, some frommoving cars, and others from modern housing materials. As many Europeans spend up to 90%of their lives in buildings,the health effects of the indoor climate are very important.Some co

38、nstruction materials, including fiberboard, insulation foams and certain glues for man-made wood floor boards,for example, gives out organic products such as formaldehyde（甲）.Heat and humidity increase the release of formaldehyde and the gas seriously harms the eyes. Paint, lacquer, etc. canalso rele

39、ase dangerous gas into indoor air.Construction materials can cause serious damage, especially when they contain asbestos( Asbestos isnaturally present in rock formations worldwide. It belongs to a family of mineral substances composed of solid,non-combustible fiber. These properties make asbestos a

40、highly sought-after construction material. As early as 1931,however, public health officers in the United Kingdom revealed the connection between breathing in asbestos dust and石棉 ).such diseases as lung cancer.The land on which a building is sited may also contribute to pollution. Some kinds of gran

41、ite or similar rocks containtraces of radium(/i ). As it breaks down, this naturally radioactive element produce some kind of radioactive gas thatgoes through tiny cracks in walls, floors and building materials, and makes its way into the building and the rooms. Thebetter the homes are insulated, th

42、e more is the dangerous gas in indoor air. The main effect of this dangerous gas onhealth is to increase the risk of lung cancer.(分数： 45.00 )(1).What is the main idea of the passage? (分数： 9.00 )A. Some building materials pollute indoor air.B. Some factors cause indoor air pollution.VC. Asbestos can cause lung cancer.D. The land on which houses are built contributes to indoor pollution. 解析：主旨题。文章讲述的是导致室内空气污染的因素，包括各种建筑材料中包含的有害物质以及建筑物 地点，故选 B。其他三个选项只是个别因素，不能概括全部。(2) .Why are Europeans particularly concerned