定语从句导学案和答案

1、定语从句导学案轻松一刻：你如何给“成功”、“银行家”、“人类”“美”“婚姻”这些词下定义呢？现在我们来看看这几则定义吧：1. SUCCESSA successful man is one makes more money than his wife can spend.A successful woman is one can find such a man.2. A banker is a fellow lends you his umbrella when the sun is shining, but wants it back the minute it begins to rain.

2、3. Human beings are the only creatures on earth ， allow their children to come back home.4. Beauty is the first present nature gives to woman and the first it takes away.5. Marriage is an institution in a man loses his bachelor's degree and the woman gets her master's.怎么样？是谁在说定语从句枯燥无趣的？我们再来看

3、看充满智慧的名言，给它们添加上合适的关系词：1 . A friend _ you buy with presents will be bought from you.用礼物“买来”的朋友终会被买走。2. Friendship is the golden thread _ ties the hearts of all the world.友谊是一根金线，把全世界的心连在一起。3. Chances favor the minds _ are prepared.机遇总是降临到时刻做好准备的人身上。4. If you wait, all _ happens is that you get older.

4、如果你等待，发生的只是你变老。5. He _ falls today, may rise tomorrow.今日失败的人，也许明日就会奋起。6The worst bankrupt is the person _ has lost his enthusiasm.最惨的破产就是丧失自己的热情。7. Courage is the ladder on _ all the other virtues mount.勇气是一架梯子，其他美德全靠它爬上去.。8. Never leave that until tomorrow, _ you can do today . 今天的事不要拖到明天9. Love sh

5、ould be a tree _ roots are deep in the earth, but _ branches extend into heaven. 爱情之树应该深深扎在泥土中，而其枝条则要伸展于广阔的天空。10. Home is the place _ ,when you have to go there , it has to take you in.无论何时何地家永远是向游子敞开大门的地方。11. The only thing _will stop you from fulfilling your dreams is you.惟一阻挡你实现梦想的就是你自己。12. The d

6、ictionary is the only place _success comes before work.只有在字典中，“成功”才会出现在“工作”之前。13. The shortest word _I know is “I”. The sweetest word _I know is "love".The only person _I never forget is "you!"（不必翻译了吧？你懂的！）现在请你看看下面的答案，看自己做对了多少：1. (who/that/whom) 2. which/that 3. which/that 4. tha

7、t(先行词是指物的不定代词时一般用that) 5. who/that 6. who/that 7. which（介词后不用that哟） 8. which（先行词是that, 我们就别重复用了吧，还有，看到逗号了吧？这是一句非限制性定语从句） 9. whose, whose 10.where 11. that 12. where 13. 这三句甜言蜜语中的关系代词that均可省略掌握定语从句的用法，必须突破以下难关：重视内涵本质我们见到定语从句时一定要仔细分析一下定语从句的含义。不要一见到先行词是时间或者地点名词就用when或where引导，而应看看引导词在定语从句中应作什么成份。如果作时间、地

8、点或原因状语才能用when，where和why。也可以分析一下定语从句中是否有主语或宾语。如果既有主语又有宾语，可以用when, where或why引导；假若没有主语和宾语，那么就要考虑是否用that或which来引导了。如:A. Do you still remember the day_ we met?B. Do you remember the day_ we spent with professor Li in Xi an?类似的例子还有：C. This is the place_we visited last year. A.where B、which C、to which D、by

9、 which).（选B . which是关系代词作宾语，指物）D. We will visit the place _ he worked three years ago. A.where B、which C、that D、by which).（选A. where是关系副词作状语）。E. I went to Beijing last year, _ I visited the Great Wall. (A. when B、where C、which D. that) 在这句话里where也是关系副词作状语。但从形式上看主句和从句用逗号隔开，从内容上看从句对先行词作了补充说明而不是修饰限制。因此

10、它是一个非限制性定语从句。（弱弱的问一句：你知道限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别吗？） 二、重视细节要求当关系代词引导一个定语从句并且在从句中充当宾语时，该从句中的谓语动词必须是及物动词；如果不是，就要在该动词后加上相应介词。如果关系代词为which或whom，则要将介词放在which或whom前。注意下面的句子； A. This is the book (that) I have learned a lot from. B. This is the book from which I have learned a lot. 上面两个句子意思都是“这就是那本让我获益非浅的书”，但由于第二

11、句由关系代词which引导，介词from必须放在which之前。 C. Do you know the man (that) she was talking to? D. Do you know the man to whom she was talking? 你认识和她说话的那个人吗？（两句中的to是否常常被你忘掉？） E. The house (that) he is living in is now a shop. F. The house in which he is living is now a shop. 他现在居住的房子现在是一个商店。（道理同上，注意in的位置。） 三、知其一

12、还要知其二定语从句中关系代词who指人，是主格，在从句中做主语；whom是宾格，在从句中作宾语；whose是所有格，在从句中作定语，是定语从句中表示所属关系的引导词，意为“的”，既可以指人，也可以指物。然而，有些同学只知道whose意为“谁的”， 只能表示人的所属关系，这是一种错误的认识，应该纠正过来。如：A. He is talking with the girl whose brother is my classmate他正在和那个弟弟是我同学的女孩说话。B. This is the boy whose father is our English teacher. 这就是那个父亲是我们英语

13、教师的男孩。C. He lives in a house whose window opens to the south. 他住在一间窗户朝南开的房子里。（whose意为“房子的”） 四、一山不容二虎，有which没that，有that没whichthat与which都可以修饰表示物的先行词。于是，只要一见到表示物的先行词，你老人家都用这两个关系代词引导。殊不知，有些情况下只能用that引导，不能用which；有些情况下只能用which引导，不能用that。1. 先行词为all、everything、something、anything、nothing时只能用that引导。A. Id like

14、 to tell you something that will make you surprised. 我想告诉一件使你感到惊奇的事。B. Ill tell you everything/all (that) I saw in the United States.我会把在美国看到的事情告诉你。2. 先行词被数词，最高级形容词以及the very、the only、the last等修饰时只能用that引导。A. That is the only English book (that) he bought from the bookstore yesterday. 这就是他昨天从书店买的唯一的

15、那本英语书。B. Agriculture was the most important invention that led to the beginning of civilization. 农业是导致文明开始的最重要的发明。C. This is the very pen (that) he is looking for.这正是他在寻找的钢笔。3先行词中既有人又有物时只能用that引导 A. Henry and his dog that appeared in street last week disappeared mysteriously in the forest yesterday.

16、 亨利和他的小狗上周还在街上，昨天又神秘地消失在树林里。B. We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.我们访问过的老师和参观过的学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。4. 先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。 A. It is a dictionary that will help you a lot. 这是本对你很有帮助的字典。B. He is no longer the man that he was in our university.他再也不是我们大学时的他了。5关系代词前有介

17、词时不用that。 This is the house in which I lived ten years ago. 这就是我十年前住过的房子。6. 先行词本身是that时不用that。（免得让人以为是磕巴） I will tell you that which he said yesterday. 我会告诉你他昨天说的话。7引导非限制性定语从句时不用that。（注意非限制性定语从句前有小逗逗哟） A. I have lost my mobile phone, which is bought by my father.我丢了手机，那是我爸爸为我买的。 B. She entered a tec

18、hnical college, which made her mother very happy. 她上了一所技术学院，这使她母亲非常高兴。 五、不甘居人后的ASas，你知道它可以引导原因状语从句、时间状语从句和方式状语从句。然而，有时它也可与“which”一样，引导一个非限制性定语从句，代表主句所要表达的内容。A. She was ill yesterday, which made her mother very worried. 她昨天病了，这使她母亲非常担心。B. Eating too much, as is well known, is not good for our health.

19、 (as译为“正如”)正如大家所知道的那样，吃的过多对我们的健康不好。C. He opposed the idea, as could be expected.D. As could be expected, he opposed the idea. 正如所预料那样，他反对这个观点。定语从句中，有且只有as引导的定语从句可放在句首，当然也可放在句中或句尾。例如：As is known to us all, the earth turns around the sun. The earth, as is known to us all, turns around the sun. The ear

20、th turns around the sun, as is known to us all. 六、注意定语从句的主谓一致性关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致。例如：Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA. Tom is the only one of the boys who is from the USA. 七、保持主句的完整性并避免从句成分的重叠1. 在定语从句中，不管出现任何情况，主句的结构必须完整，即主句必须有主语和谓语，缺一不可，否则，整个主从复合句就无法成立。试比较：A. Is this fact

21、ory _ we visited last week? B. Is this the factory _ we visited last week? A. which B. where C. what D. the one 分析：第一题，你可以先把句子变成陈述句:This factory is _we visited last week.变完后你是否发现句子缺少表语，只有填D项才能保持主句的完整性？第二题主句本身完整，应填的关系代词在从句中作visited 的宾语，故应选A项。2. 在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词已经代替先行词独立地或与相应的介词一起在定语从句中充当了一定的成分，因此在定语从

22、句中就不能再出现与关系代(副)词重叠的成分。例如：错句：Is this the train that they took it last Sunday? 分析：该题中that 已经代替先行词the train 在定语从句中充当及物动词took 的宾语，故重叠出现的宾语it必须删去。总之，突破了以上七道难关，定语从句中的难题便会迎刃而解。定语从句真题实战1.The place _interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _?

23、A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed     B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at  D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D

24、. on which5.That is the day _I'll never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.The factory _we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. th

25、ere8.This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year  B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year   D. that you talked9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked   B. which you talkedC. about that you talked   

26、D. that you talked10.The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.I

27、t there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. who's C. which D. whose14.I'm interested in _you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isn't such a man _he used to be.

28、A. who B. whom C. that D. as17.He is good at English, _we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him19.I don't like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D.

29、 same novels20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D

30、. who23.You're the only person _I've ever met _could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, _I can't remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for whi

31、ch B. for that C. in which D. what26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong

32、.A. which B. whose C. what D./29.This is the reason _he didn't come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked afte

33、r31.The reason _he didn't come was _he was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who33.That is not the way _I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.I have two grammars, _are of gr

34、eat use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it

35、 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, howev

36、er, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though 定于从句参考答案及解析:1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2C. "和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6C. 解析同第

37、5题。7. A. 解析见第3题。8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。10. A. with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he

38、is writing with a pen.11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语.12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.15. D. the same.as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话

39、中,as作从句的主语.16. D. such as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修饰