阅读理解(2)主旨大意

1、 主旨大意题学案 I.教学内容：主旨大意题解题方法II.教学目标：通过这堂课，学生能分析文章篇章结构、归纳文章要点、概括中心思想 Part 1 自主探究I.命题规律：近五年四川卷主旨大意题量统计：2010年2个，2011年2个，2012年3个，2013年0个，2014年4个。因此，对于主旨大意题的考查数量趋于平衡，几乎每年都有1-2题，但解题使需要对文章的主旨大意进行综合、归纳和推断，这一点在未来的高考中也不会改的。II.知识清单： 主旨大意题主要考查学生能否分辨主题和细节、是否具备提纲挈领的能力即是否能在理解全文的基础上运用概括、推断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结。1. 主旨

2、大意题常见的设问方式：（1）Which of the following can be the best title/topic/headline of this passage? (2) The passage is mainly about _.(3) From the passage we can learn/conclude that _. (4) What can we learn from paragraph 3 /paragraph 2/last two paragraphs? (5)The main ideakey point of this passage is that _

3、.(6). What is the purpose of the passage? (7)Which of the following best states the theme of the passage? 2.寻找主题句（1）根据转折连词或部分标志性词句来总结文章主题 （如but，yet，however ，on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus, I agree with the opinion that.;Given all these points above, I would support the idea tha

4、t.; For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer（2）主题句定位法：正三角形写作法()即主题句在文首。开门见山，提出主题，用细节来支撑倒三角形写作法()即主题句在文尾。表述细节后，归纳概括主题 圆形写作法()即首尾呼应的写作方法。先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主正方形写作法()即中心主题句隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句3.概括，归纳中心思想：略读 （skimming）是概括、归纳中心思想的重要手段，略读时，注意文章首尾段，每段首尾句，其他内容略过，将注意力集中在名词、形容词、数词、动词和副词等实词上，并对关键词进行加工，筛选出最能表达

5、作者意图的关键词及概念。4.标题： 标题是段落中心思想的精炼表达形式。阅读中，通过已知的信息概括出中心思想，在将中心思想加以提炼，拟定标题。 Part two 即讲即练 A (2011年江苏卷) We know the famous onesthe Thomas Edison and the Alexander Graham Bells what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper (雨刷器)？Shouldnt

6、 we know who they are? 1. Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage? A. How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions? B. How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window? C. Shouldnt We Know the less Famous Inventors？ D. Shouldnt We Develop Invention Courses in Unive

7、rsities? B(全国E篇) Most people want to know how things are made. They honestly admit, however, that they hardly know a thing when it comes to understanding how a piece of music is made. Where a composer (作曲家) begins, how he manages to keep going - in fact, how and where he learns his trade-all are cov

8、ered in complete darkness. The composer, in short, is a man of mystery (神秘). 2. What would be the best title for the text? _ A. Composer: a man of mystery B. Practice makes good music C. Relation between sleeping and music D. Music: product of nature CPeople have different tastes in food. Some feel

9、that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fas

10、t-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. 3. Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea of the paragraph? A. Some people like steak and others like red meat. B. Vegetables are very healthy to you. C. Food preparation has a lot to do with peoples tastes. D. Di

11、fferent people have different tastes in food. D If you buy some well-made clothes, you can save money because they can last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Sometimes some clothes cost more money, but it does not mean that they are always better made, or they alway

12、s fit(合身) better. In other words, some less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.4. We learn from the passage that cheaper clothes_. A. are always worse made B. must be dry-cleaned C. can sometimes fit you better D. cannot be washed E Kleptomania(盗窃癖) is an illness of th

13、e mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop

14、 control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again. The things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value. They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them. 5.What is the topic of the

15、 text? A. Young Thieves. B. An Unusual Illness. C. Reasons for Stealing D. A Normal Childs Actions FOn the Internet, we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can. We often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet. Whats m

16、ore, we can go to school on the net, read a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages. We also enjoy music, watch ball matches on the net and play computer games. With the help of the net, we can do shopping even without leaving our homes. The Internet is playing a more and more import

17、ant part in our daily life.6. Whats the main idea of the passage？_A. Keep away from the Internet. B. Surf the net. C. The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.D. We can entertain ourselves on the Internet. G2011 江西卷）Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因构成) as human

18、 beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into possible areas and environments ? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.7.What is the

19、 reason for exploring space based on paragraph 2? A. humans are nature-born to do so. B. human have the tendency to fight. C. human may find new sources of food. D. human dont like to stay in the same placePart three综合演练 AAnimals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is und

20、er attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means. Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺

21、) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach. Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some gras

22、ses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal's teeth. Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals.W

23、hen a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar. Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in Chi

24、na, for instance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液) A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future. 8. The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals _. A. are not tall enough B. lik

25、e the lower leaves only C. are not clever enough D. can get the lower leaves easily 9. To defend themselves, oak trees use _. A. chemical meansB. physical means C. bitter chemicalsD. sandy materials 10. How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar? A. Its leaves fight against

26、 the attack by physical means. B. Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar. C. Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.D. Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away. 11. What would be the best title for this passage? A. Plants and Animal

27、s B. How Plants Defend Themselves C. Attacks and Defenses D. How animals eat plant leaves BMany of the customs that are popular at weddings today date back to hundreds of years ago. Most of us don' t know the reasons anymore but people today follow them because they are good fun.Today the bride

28、(新娘) carries flowers but long ago she carried strong-smelling grass. This was to frighten away the evil spirits and to cover the smell of people who do not wash often. People also used to believe that the bride brought good luck, so they would try to get something from her. Today, the bride will off

29、er the guests some good luck by throwing the flowers to them after the wedding. It is said that if you catch the flowers, you will be the next one to get married. Of course, many of the single girls at a wedding try to catch the flowers.In early times, the bridesmaids (伴娘) and the bride all wore sim

30、ilar dresses. This was to confuse the evil spirits. Now bridesmaids still wear similar dresses but the bride wears a different dress that is often white. Many brides wear veils (面纱) over their faces. This comes from a time when the young couple was not allowed to see each other before the wedding. T

31、he families were afraid that the groom might not like the bride. So he was only allowed to lift her veil just before the wedding. By this time it was too late to refuse to marry her.Brides often wear "something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue". In earlier times, if t

32、he bride didn' t do this, she felt she would be in danger from the evil spirits. Wearing "something old " represents the journey between being single and being married. "Something new" represents the change from being a child to being an adult. "Something borrowed"

33、means if you borrow something from a happily married couple, it will bring you good luck. And "something blue" comes from a time when the edge of the bride's dress was blue which represented purity.12、The passage mainly tells us .A. today' s wedding customs B. the history of weddin

34、g customsC. why brides wear veils D. what brides wear at weddings13、Why did the bride carry strong-smelling grass in the past?A. To keep the evil spirits and the unpleasant smell of some people away.B. To cover the unpleasant smell of her.C. To bring good luck to the bridesmaids.D. To throw it exact

35、ly to the one she wanted to give.14、What do we know about the wedding customs in the past from the third paragraph?A. The bridesmaids wore completely different dresses from the brides.B. The bridesmaids also needed to wear veils over their faces.C. The groom could refuse to marry his bride if he did

36、n' t like her.D. The groom and the bride didn' t see each other until the wedding15、Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. In order to avoid evil spirits, the bride had to wear her veil.B. In wedding customs, blue is the symbol of purity.C. Single girls are very happy

37、 to catch the bride' s flowers.D. The bride and her bridesmaids dressed similarly to avoid being recognized by evil spirits.16、All of the following are mentioned in this passage EXCEPT .A. brides' flowers B. brides' clothesC. grooms' clothes D. brides' veils CA long time ago a ba

38、by was born to a poor family. His future looked sad as he grew to see a poor life before him. He joined the army as a common soldier and was wounded so seriously that he never regained the use of his left arm.He later failed to find a good job and was even sent to prison by his debtor two times. He

39、continued to take no notice of the law and struggled just to survive.But, despite his poor life, he never let go of his dream of writing a book. He wrote a beautiful story which came from his heart' s deepest dreams and desires. It has moved generations of people over the world ever since. It is

40、 about a man who saw the world differently from anyone else. Though written in suffering, the book is an encouraging tale of irrepressible ( 十分强烈的) hope. This man' s story has been put to music, adapted for film, and translated into lots of languages. It remains a bestseller after some 400 years

41、. The author is Miguel de Cervantes and the book is Don Quixote de La Mancha.Perhaps Cervantes himself believed that the world "sees people as they are. I see them as they can be !" If Cervantes never had finished such a good work, he would not have seen some potential (潜质) within himself that was hidden from the rest of the world. He has taught others that great truth: What we see will come to be.Some see themselves as they are, others as they can be. But when we look beyond the present reality, sad as it may seem, and set our sights upon