课件及配套训练【英语两大语态(主动语态与被动语态)】

1、家美教育 地址：曹溪校区 联系方式态分为主动和被动语态一、动词的被动语态 1主动语态和被动语态 英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫做主动语态；主语是动作的承受者，叫做被动语态。 例如： We swept the floor. 我们打扫了地板。（主动语态） The floor was swept. 地板被打扫过。（被动语态） 2被动语态的构成 1）被动语态是由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。 助动词be有人称，数和时态的变化，其变化规则与其作为连系动词的be的变化完全一样。被动语态的肯定式的结构是：主语+be+过去分词（vt.）+（by

2、+宾语）。 例如： Apple trees aren't planted in the south. 苹果树不种在南方。 The building hasn't been completed. 这座建筑物没有竣工。 3）被动语态的一般疑问句 被动语态的一般疑问句的结构是：Be+主语+过去分词（vt）+（by+宾语）？其答语用yes或no作简单回答。 例如： Are they made in China? Yes, they are. 它们是中国制造的吗？是的，是中国制造的。 Was the museum built in 1993? 这座博物馆是在1993年建成的吗？ No,

3、it was built in 1986. 不，它是在1986年建成的。 4）被动语态的特殊疑问句 被动语态的特殊疑问句的结构是：疑问词+be+主语+过去分词（vt），其答语要作具体回答。 例如： What is the machine used for? 这台机器用来作什么？ It is used for making paper. - 12 - 它是用来造纸的。 Where were the car made? 这些小汽车是哪里制造的？ They were made in China. 它们是中国制造的。 5）被动语态的八种时态形式 被动语态的八种时态（以动词ask为例）： 一般时态 进行

4、时态 完成时态 将来时态 I am asked He She is asked It We You are asked They I am being asked He She It We You They I have been asked He She It We You They I We He She It You They I was asked He She was asked It We You were asked They I was being asked He She It We You They I had been asked He She It We You The

5、y I We He She It You They 注意： 被动语态没有完成进行时态和将来进行时态。 初中阶段主要应掌握的被动语态的时态有：一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时，过去进行时和现在完成时。 3什么时候使用被动语态 1）在没有指明动作的执行者的情况下。 例如： The meeting was held last week. 会议上周召开了。 English is taught in all middle schools. 所有中学都开设英语课。 2）要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。 例如： Teapots are used for drinking. 茶壶是饮水用的。 Where&

6、#39;s cotton produced? 棉花产于何地？ The bike was stolen yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午自行车被偷了。 4主动语态变为被动语态的方法 1）将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句里的主语成分。把主动句里的宾格人称代词改为主格形式。 2）把主动结构的谓语动词改为be+过去分词形式。 3）将主动句的主语变为介词by的宾语。 例如： People use radios for listening to the news.（主动） Radios are use for listening to the news by people.（被动） I p

7、osted a letter last week.（主动） A letter was posted by me last week.（被动） 注意： 在make, let, see, hear, notice, watch, feel等动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但这种句子如果变为被动语态时，则应加上to。 例如：We heard her sing an English song.（主动） She was heard to sing an English song by us.（被动） 5主动语态变为被动语态的主要类型 1）谓语动词只有一个宾语的。 例如：The workers

8、 are building a ship.（主动语态） The ship is being built by the workers.（被动语态） I have finished the exercises.（主动语态） The exercises have been finished by me.（被动语态） 2）谓语动词有两个宾语的，其中一个变为被动句的主语，另一个仍作为宾语，称为保留宾语。 例如： I sent him a present. （主动语态） He was sent a present by me.（被动语态） A present was sent to him by me.

9、（被动语态） 注意： a）在主动句中有些动词，如ask, answer, teach等变成被动句时，一般将间接宾语（指人的）改成被动句的主语。 例如： He asked us a lot of questions.（主动语态） We were asked a lot of questions by him. b)在主动句中有些动词，如build, buy, choose等变成被动句时，将直接宾语（指物的）改成被动句的主语。 例如： My father bought me a new bike.（主动语态） The new bike was bought for me by my father.

10、（被动语态） 3）谓语动词后跟复合宾语，只把宾语改为被动句的主语，宾语补足语不变。例如： 宾语 宾补 He left the door open.（主动语态） 他让门开着。 The door was left open by him.（被动语态） 门由他打开着。 4）许多由不及物动词加介词构成的短语动词，相当于一个及物动词，可以有宾语，因而也可以有被动语态。但应注意：短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。 例如： We must take good care of our books.（主动语态） Our books must be taken go

11、od care of.（被动语态） 我们应该保管好我们的书本。 我们的书本应保管好。（被动） 5）谓语动词含有情态动词时，只变及物动词为被动语态，构成为：情态动词+be+过去分词（vt.） 例如： We must finish it at once. （主动语态） 我们必须马上做完这件事。 It must be finished at once（被动语态） 这件事必须马上做完。 6）带有be going to结构的被动语态，被动结构表现在不定式上。结构为：sth be going to be done。 例如： I am going to close the door.（主动语态） 我将去关门

12、。 The door is going to be closed.（被动语态） 门将要关上。 6被动语态中应注意的几个问题 1）在被动语态句子中要注意主语与谓语在人称和数方面要保持一致。 2）主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况： ahave（有）以及和have构成的短语动词不能用于被动语态 b不及物动词没有动作的承受者，不能用被动语态。 c主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时，不能变成被动句的主语。 d主动句的宾语是不定式或动词的-ing形式时，不能变成被动句的主语。 3）注意有时用主动语态表示被动意义的情况。 例如： This kind of cloth washes very wel

13、l. 这种布很禁洗。 The machine made in China sell well abroad. 中国制造的机器在国外畅销。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。如：Chinese is spoken by many people. Chinese 是动词speak 的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be的变化表现出来的。现以 speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am/is/are+spoken一般过去时：was/were+spoken一般将来时：will等+be+spoken现在进行时：is/

14、are being+spoken过去进行时：was/were being+spoken现在完成时：have/has been+spoken过去完成时：had been+spoken被动语态的用法不知道或没有必要说明执行者时谁。如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的。）This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是麦克打破的。This book was

15、written by him.这本书是他写的。Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。主动语态变被动语态的方法把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。把位于变成被动结构（be+过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be 的形式）。把主动语态中的主语放在借此by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.Th

16、e bikes were made by them in the factory.含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句，由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。如：We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.例1 Many trees and flowers_ in our school last year, and they made our school a beautiful garden.A plant B plan

17、ted C have planted D were planted解析：题干主语是many trees and flowers，因此需要用被动语态；时间状语是last year, 故应用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+动词的过去分词。答案：D例2 A talk on developments in science and technology _ in the school hall next week.A given B will be given C has been given D gives解析：由next week可确定用将来时，由主语A talk可知用被动语态。答案：B例3

18、 I dont think sixteen-year-olds should _ to go to bars(酒吧).A allow B be allowing C be allowed D not allow解析：16岁的人应该是“不被允许”进酒吧，用被动语态。答案：C例4 How beautiful your school building is!Yeah! It _ last year.A built B was built C is built解析：“学校”是“建设”这个动词的承受者，应用被动语态，由时间状语last year可知用过去式。答案：B例5 Could you tell m

19、e whom the radio _ by?Sorry, I have no idea.A invents B invented C is invented D was invented解析：从句主语是the radio,故用被动语态，又因为收音机在过去就被发明了，应该用过去时的被动语态。答案：D例6 Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible? -Yes, in fact, it _ .Thats all because of the people and the factories around. A polluted B was

20、polluted C has polluted D will pollute解析：句中是用it即太湖的水作主语，显然，污染pollute要用被动语态，又是过去时态。所以选B.答案：B被动语态：(1)被动语态定义：被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。如果主语是 动作的执行者(即某人做某事),便叫主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。主动与被动的区别不是词序的区别,而是主语与谓语意义上的区别。在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式。(2)英语中被动语态由“助动词be +动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有时态、人称和数的变

21、化。被动语态后的by短语有时可省去。具体结构见下表：现在时态一般现在时现在进行时一 般 将 来 时现在完成时谓语动词构 成amis +p.p.areamis +being+p.p.arewill + be+p.p.amis +going to+ be + p.p.arehave(has) +been+p.p.过去时态一般过去时过 去 进 行 时过 去 将 来 时过去完成时谓语动词构 成was +p.p.werewas +being+p.p.werewould +be+p.p.was +going to+be+p.p.werehad +been+p.p. 注 p.p.表示过去分词。(1) 被动语

22、态的用法： 不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。如：A man was killed in the accident.(一个人死于事故)/ This window was broken yesterday.(这扇窗子是昨天被打破的)不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。如：Rice is also grown in this place.(这个地方也种水稻)/ A railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之后这里将要修建一条铁路)强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。如：It was written b

23、y Lu Xun.(它(书)是鲁迅写的)/ A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(宠物狗是不会被主人宰杀的)(2) 主动语态如何改写为被动语态： 主动句： 主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语(人/物) + 其他 + 状语 (动作的执行者) (各种时态形式) (动作的承受者) 被动句： 主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + by +人 / 物 + 其他 + 状语 (动作的承受者) (be +过去分词) (动作的执行者) (3) 注意点：“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。如： His teacher ga

24、ve him a dictionary.He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典他得到老师一本字典)也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典一本字典由老师送给了他)/His father made him a kite.A kite was made for him by his father.(他的父亲给他做了一个风筝一个

25、风筝由他的父亲做给了他)“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to.如：The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day.(老板让这个可怜的人一天工作12小时这个可怜人被迫一天工作12小时)“动词+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。如：The girl takes good care of her little brother.The girls little brother is taken good care of by her.(女孩照顾小

26、弟弟女孩的小弟弟由她照顾着)“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。如：He is pleased / worried / tired /.(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳) He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / .(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中)课堂训练 动词的语态练习答案1-5 CBDCB 6-10 CCCCC 11-15 BDDCB 16-22 BBCACCC周末作业 答案：(A)51.several 52.forward 53.rather 54.relations 55.although(B)56.is supposed

27、to 47.take up 58.in public 59.cut off 60.is harmful to.综合填空61.for 62.known 63.reached 64.countryside 65.developed 66.prefer 67.education 68.control 69.much 70.serious.完型答案2125 DCDCA 2630 DBCAB课堂训练单选( ) 1.（2009·广州）Don't worry. All the children by the nurses. A. are well taken care of B. take

28、 good care of C. are taken good care D. take good care ( ) 2.（2009·山东淄博）Hi, Jack. Did you go to Jims birthday party?No, I felt so sad. I .A. didnt inviteB. wasnt invitedC. am not invitedD. hadnt invited ( ) 3.（2009·河北）Dont put off todays work for tomorrow. I mean, todays work _ today.A. ma

29、y do B. must do C. may be done D. must be done ( ) 4.（2009·四川成都）-Why did you leave your city last year?-Because I _ a new job in another city.A. offered B. am offered C. was offered ( ) 5.（2009·江西）I _ to get there before seven tomorrow, so Ill have to get up early.A. told B. have told C. w

30、ill tell D. was told ( ) 6.（2009·江苏南京）-Do you have any problems if you _ this job?-Well, Im thinking about the working day.A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered ( ) 7.（2009·河南）Usually John _ to school in his fathers beautiful car.A. has taken B. is taking C. is taken D.

31、has been taken ( ) 8.（2009·湖北宜昌）-Can you tell me where the students of Class2 are?-They _reading the book on Scientific Outlook on Development just now. A. will find  B. have found C. were found  D. found ( ) 9.（2009

32、3;湖北孝感） What a beautiful factory! I want to work in it. Well, workers _ very much here. A. need      B. are needing        C. are needed        D. will need ( ) 10.（2009·山西）A large number of engineers _ to Africa by our government to the pe

33、ople there every year.A. have sent B. will send C. are sent ( ) 11.（2009.北京）The sick boy _ to hospital by the police yesterday.A. is taken B. was taken       C. takes         D. took ( ) 12.（2009.安徽）-Its difficult for the village children to cross the river for sch

34、ool.-I think a bridge _ over the river.A. was built B. is being built C. has been built     D. should be built ( ) 13.（2009.福建漳州）The Chinese mainland pandas, Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan, _ to Taiwan on Dec. 23nd, 2008.A. sent B. were sending       C. had sent     

35、 D. were sent ( ) 14.（2009·吉林通化）Students are _ to speak loudly in the reading room. A. told B. supposedC. not supposedD. allowed ( ) 15.（2009·吉林通化）- Look, what an old palace! It looks so great!- Yeah, it _ nearly 800 years ago.A. was buildingB. was builtC. has builtD. is built ( ) 16.（2009

36、·江苏常州）Dont discuss the problems with your partner unless you_ to do so. A. ask B. are asked C. will ask D. will be asked ( ) 17.（2009·扬州）Do you know the result of the competition?No. It _.A. hasnt announced        B. hasnt been announced C. didnt announce 

37、60;   D. wasnt announced ( ) 18.（2009·湖北恩施）A number of new houses _in Wenchuan last year.A. built B. are built C. were built D. will be built ( ) 19.（2009·湖北恩施）Her son _ Coke, but now he _ milk.A. used to drink; is used to drinking B. used to drinking; drinksC. is used to drinking; us

38、ed to drink D. is used to drink; is drinking ( ) 20.（2009·湖南长沙）-Do you often plant trees in spring?-Yes. Many trees _ in our school every year.A. plant B. are planting C. are planted ( ) 21.（2009·贵州安顺）I _ to leave at once, or Ill be late for the meeting.A. tell B. be told C. am told D. was

39、 told ( ) 22.（2009·福建莆田）-Did you go to the concert yesterday?-No, I _ .A. didnt invite B. havent invited C. wasnt invited周末练习(A) 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。several, relations, forward, rather, although51. He has been to Beijing times.52. They ran to welcome her.53. I didnt fail the exam, in fact I did wel

40、l.54. The president is trying to improve with neighboring countries.55. We lost the game, everyone played well.(B) 用方框中所给词组的适当形式填空。be harmful to, cut off, in public, be supposed to, take up56. We each protect the environment.57. Students shouldnt play computer games. It will too much time.58. Dont s

41、pit . Its our duty to protect the environment.59.The new factory our view of the hills.60. Reading in bed our eyes. 综合填空。（5分）Dear Dick,How time flies! I have been back to school 61 two weeks. These days, I have 62 a lot about the population in China.China has a population of 1.3 billion. It has 63 a

42、bout one fifth of the worlds population. About 80 percent of the people live in the 64 . It causes many difficulties. In less 65 areas, some parents 66 boys to girls. Not all the families can offer their children a good 67 . Some children cant go to school.China has taken measures to 68 the populati

43、on. Chinas economy grows 69 faster and their living conditions have changed a lot. Most of us have lived in bright and tall buildings. We have had ring roads and they are wide enough. We have had more comfortable life.However, the large population problem is still 70 in China.How about the population of your country? Can you tell me about i