高考阅体验磨练读复习

1、 高考阅读复习猜测词义题解题技巧在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。这种题常见的提问方式有：The word “” in paragraph can best be replaced by .The underlined word “” most

2、probably means .By saying “”, the author means The expression “” is closest to According to the passage, the phrase “” suggests The underlined part “ ” (in Para. )  means .做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。猜测词义时，一般可利用以下三个方面的线索：一 

3、;针对性的解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。1 根据定义（definition）猜测词义        如果生词有一个句子或段落来定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to,

4、 signify 等。例如：（ 湖北卷A段）Do you know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own.由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：“动物的地盘”。（ 浙江卷B段）Green building means “reducing the impact (影响) of the building on the land”.由定义我们可以推断这里 Green building 指的是什么。2根据复述推测词义虽然复述不如定义

5、那样严谨、详细，但是它提供的信息可以为阅读者猜测词义提供依据，至少读者可以根据复述猜测生词的大致“义域”（意义范围）。复述部分可以是词、短语、或从句。        同位语复述：在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间常用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号和括号等。同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say,  i.e. 等。 例如：（浙江卷B段）In fact, only about 80 ocelots

6、, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today由同位语an endangered wild cat我们很快猜出生词ocelots的义域：一种濒临灭绝野猫。        定语从句复述：例如：（ 福建卷E段）Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprisin

7、g sauces .According the passage, The Pines is a         . Aplace in which you can see many mobile homes Bmountain where you can get a good view of the valley Ctown which happens to be near the Banff National Park Drestaurant where you can a

8、sk for some special kinds of food 通过whose引导的定语从句，我们可以推测到：The Pines 是一家餐馆的名字，由此不难推出理解题的答案为：D。2 根据举例猜测词义恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。例如：（ 辽宁卷C段）The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among c

9、ountries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.根据such as 后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中的issue 是指“议题”。二 内在逻辑关系根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指应用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻

10、辑联系推断生词词义或大致义域。1 根据对比关系猜测词义在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。 表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。例如：（ E篇）A childs birthday party doesnt  have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.What does the underlined

11、word “hassle” (paragraph 1) probably mean?A. a party designed by specialistsB. a plan requiring careful thoughtC. a situation causing difficulty or troubleD. a demand made by guests        根据对比关系，这里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。2

12、 根据比较关系猜测词义同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。例如：Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk和loquacious 之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是“健谈的”。3 根据因果关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻

13、辑关系推测生词词义。例如：（上海卷B段）I feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “      ”. Afull of respect   Btoo confident and rude  Clackin

14、g in experience  Dtoo shy and quiet 根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（“既然你是我的上司”），我们可以推断这里presumptuous的意思是：“冒失的，放肆的”意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。（江西卷D段）Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves.根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断Pruning的意思是：“修剪（树枝等）”的意思。4 根据同义

15、、近义、并列、替代、说明等关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。例如：（ 江苏卷E段）William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.”The underlined word “mingled” in the last paragraph most probably means     .      

16、60;  Asimple Bmixed Csad Dhappy句中good and ill together 更具体地说明了 a mingled yarn的意义，据此我们不难推测mingled的意思是：“混合的，交织的”，答案是：B。（ 湖北卷C段）Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answer is “yes”, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical cente

17、rs.根据and three other medical centers 这种并列关系，我们很容易推断出：Johns Hopkins 是一家医疗中心。三 通过构词法在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。1 根据前缀猜测词义例如：（江西卷E段）Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?根据词根educational （教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：“男女同校教育的”意思。2 

18、根据后缀猜测词义例如：（ 广东卷E段）It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point后缀 -ise/ize意思是“使成为；使化”，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是：“未被商业化的”。3 根据复合词的各部分猜测词义例如：（ 北京卷B段）Good tool design is import

19、ant in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是“设计精巧的”意思。（浙江卷D 段）We live in a technological society where most g

20、oods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists.根据合成词中的mass （大量的）和produce （生产），我们可以推测 mass-produce的意思是：“大批量生产；规模生产”的意思。     综上所述，利用各种已知的信息推测判断生词词义是一项重要的阅读技能。在阅读中我们可以根据实际灵活应用上面提到的几种猜词技巧，排除生词的干扰，理解文章的思想，提高阅读速度，同时，提高我们在高考阅读理解中

21、的得分率。【实战演练练习四】（广东卷 B 篇）One-third of the people in the village are children, and only 60 are over the age of 65 Just under half of the married women in the village have access to modem equipments.62 The underlined part “have access to” (in Para. 4) means_.A. use      B. buy&#

22、160;    C. produce      D. try【实战演练练习五】（湖北卷 D篇）Who is there among us who hasnt dreamed of having his or her own small (maybe , several years later , even big ) business , and having wonderful freedom , both from a boss and from the time clock ; the freedom to make

23、up our own rules for our work , and our own plans arranging our own hours of work ? That way work would be both painless and fun . Or , so we imagine . Well, in fact it isnt quite as simple as that . Yes , it is true that being the boss has its satisfactions and that you can arrange your working hou

24、rs freely if you own your own small business . But in those early years of starting your own business, you shouldnt think of a free day , not to mention flying off for a months vacation . It is not unusual for new business owners to work seventy or eighty hours a week , and if there is a day off , t

25、hat day might need to be devoted to accounting (算账).But this negative picture doesnt destroy the beautiful hopes. The possibility of getting something wonderful in returnboth material and mentalcontinues to drive that large number of people who start up small businesses each year in the United State

26、s .    70The expression “negative picture” most probably means “         ”. Aa terrible experience  Ba poor picture  Climited freedom    Dunpleasant situations 高考英语短文改错考点类析·冠词共2课时 一、考点规律分析短文改错对冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用，有时也考

27、查不定冠词与定冠词以及零冠词的用法区别(包括 a 与 an 的区别)。其中，涉及最多的是，当一个单数可数名词表示泛指时，其前漏用不定冠词；另外，冠词在一些习语中的用法也是一个重要考点。二、真题单句归纳(1) After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. (a 改为 an，因 hour 读音以元音开头) (全国卷)(2) I decided to climb the tree to see where we were. (the 改为 a，因此处并非特指，而是泛指) (全国卷)(2) Some people read the books

28、 or watch television while others have sports. (去掉 the，因这里的 books 表泛指，不表特指) (全国卷)(3) Good health is persons most valuable possession. (persons 前加 a，这里的 a 表泛指) (全国卷)(4) Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings. (去掉 the，因health 表泛指) (全国卷)(5) There is

29、 public library in every town in Britain. (public library 前加 a，因这里的 public library 是单数可数名词表泛指，故在其前用 a) (全国卷)(6) Maybe you could come during a winter holidays. (a 改为 the，因从含义上看，此处的 winter holidays 属特指或者是谈话双方都知道的) (全国卷)(7) Today I visited the Smiths my first visit to a American family. (a 改为 an，因 Amer

30、ican 的读音以元音开头) (全国卷)(8) Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. (captain 前加冠词 the，captain 为特指) (全国卷)(9) Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another. (the 改为 one，one 与下一行的 another 构成“一个另一个”) (全国卷)(10) Ill take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your bi

31、rthday. (wonderful 前加 a，该表达与 have a good time 类似，其中的 a 不可省) (北京春季卷)(11) Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. (去掉 a，catch sight of 是习语，意为“看见、瞥见”) (全国卷)(12) For example, when I was a child, the rain was a mystery(奥秘). (去掉 the，rain 在此泛指) (北京春季卷)(13) We may be one family and li

32、ve under a same roof. (a 改为 the，因 same 前应用定冠词) (全国卷)(14) As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.(在 famous 前加 a，注意 mountain 是单数可数名词) (全国卷)(15) My teacher advised me to keep my diary. (my diary 改为 a diary，keep a diary 意为“写日记”) (全国卷)(16) When I was boy, the most exc

33、iting thing was to celebrate the Spring Festival. (boy 前加 a，因 boy 为可数名词) (江苏卷)(16) On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. (a 改为 the，因这不是泛指的周末，而是特指本周周末)(四川卷)(17) And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of their own and discover an interest which can even last lifetime. (lifetime 前加a，指人的一生是 a lifetime) (浙江卷)(18) Ten minutes later, the firemen came and put out fire. (fire 前加 the，因这是特指的一场火灾) (福建卷)(19) As we all left home at early age, (early前加an，at an early age意为“在年幼时”) (天津卷)(20) My grandma was the best cooker in the world but could ma