国际贸易双语教案问题答案

1、Important ConceptsDutch disease:Immiserizing growth:Product cycle hypothesis:Rybczynski theorem:CHAPTER7GROWTHANDTRADEObjectivesoftheChapterInthischapter,theHeckscher-Ohlinmodelofinternationaltradeisextendedtoincludegrowthintheendowmentofacountry'factorsofproductionandtechnologicalimprovements.T

2、heimpactofeconomicgrowthoninternationaltradewilldependonwhetherthegrowthisbalancedinallgoodsorisbiasedtowardonegood,andonwhetherthecountryexperiencinggrowthislargeorsmall.Aninterestingresultemergesfromtheinteractionofgrowthandinternationaltrade:growthinone'sowncountrymaynotbeanunmitigatedblessin

3、g.First,astheRybczynskitheoremshows,growthinonesectorcancauseproductioninnon-growingsectorstodecline.Second,undercertainconditions,export-biasedgrowthmayleadtoanadversetermsoftradeeffect,andnationalwell-beingmayactuallydecline.AfterreadingChapter7youshouldbeableto1. showhowtradepatternsareinfluenced

4、bythesourceofeconomicgrowth.2. showhoweconomicgrowthcanchangetheproductionpatternsofacountry.3. discusshowgrowthaffectsthetermsoftradeandthewell-beingofthecountryexperiencingit.4. relatetherateofgrowthinacountrytoitsopennesstointernationaltrade.AfamousexampleofthephenomenondescribedbytheRybczynskith

5、eorem.ThetermwasusedtodescribeaproblemexperiencedbytheNetherlands,inwhichthediscoveryofnewnaturalgasfieldswasthoughttohaveledtoadeclineintheproductionofmanufacturedgoods.Inalargetradingcountrywhichisheavilydependentontrade,growthintheexportsectormayleadtoadeteriorationinitstermsoftradelargeenoughtor

6、educethecountry'swelfare.Predictsthatasthetechnologyofaproductbecomesmorestandardizedandstatic,productionshiftsfromhigh-skilledlaborcountriestocountriesabundantinlow-cost,low-skilledlabor.Inatwo-productworldwithconstantprices,thegrowthofonefactorofproductionresultsinadecreaseintheoutputoftheprod

7、uctthatdoesnotusethisfactorintensively.Small/largecountryassumption:Asmallcountryhasnoimpactoninternationalcommodityprices;alargecountrycanhaveanimpactoninternationalprices.Warm-upQuestionsTrueorFalse?Explain.1. T/FAcountrywhichis“large“mayimproveitstermsoftradebyinvestinginthegrowthoftheimport-comp

8、etingsectorratherthanintheexportsector.2. T/FGrowthinasmallcountry,bydefinition,willleavethetermsoftradeunchanged.3. T/FAdolescenceisanexampleof“immiserizinggrowth.”4. T/FGrowthinacountry'factorsofproductionalwaysmakesthecountrymoreselfsufficientandlessreliantoninternationaltrade.5. T/FAcountryt

9、hatisolatesitselffromtherestoftheworldmaydoomitscitizenstoalowerstandardofliving.MultipleChoice1. “Rapidaccumulationofnewcapitalinafas-growingtradingcountrycanmakethecountryimportmorenaturalresources."ThisstatementisimpliedbytheA. Heckscher-Ohlintheorem.B. Stolper-Samuelsontheorem.C. Rybczynski

10、theorem.D. factorpriceequalizationtheorem.2. Accordingtotradetheory,ifanationhasacomparativeadvantageinacapital-intensivelyproducedgood,andtherateofgrowthofcapitalisgreaterthantherateofgrowthofotherinputs(e.g.,labor),thepatternofgrowthwhichresultswillbeA. import-replacing.B. neutralasbetweencapital-

11、intensiveandotherproducts.C. export-expanding.D. noneoftheabove.3. AnecessaryconditionforimmiserizinggrowthisthattheA. country'sgrowthisbiasedtowardtheexportsector.B. foreigndemandforthecountry'sexportispriceelastic.C. country'sconsumptionperencesareheavilybiasedinfavoroftheexportgood.D.

12、 leveloftradeisnotasignificantpartofthecountry'seconomy.4. TheHeckscher-OhlintheorysuccessfullyexplainstheA. product-innovationprocessandthelocationofindustriesincountriesotherthantheUnitedStates.B. risingimportanceofacountrybothexportingandimportingthesameproduct.C. risingtradebetweentheUnitedS

13、tatesandCanadabecausebotharesimilarinfactorendowments.D. tradepatternsbetweenindustrializedcountriesandthedevelopingcountries,whichdifferinfactorendowments.5. Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytoundergoaproductcycle?A. Rice.B. Televisionsets.C. Crudeoil.D.Minerals.Problems1.BacktoourcountriesofLeinster

14、andSaxony.PPCsforeachofthecountriesaredrawnonthefollowinggraphwiththefreetradepriceof0.25telephones/loafindicated.(Fromthisquestionforward,youshouldconsiderLeinstera“largecountry“andSaxonya“smallcountry.Figure7.1LeinstersenohnKFeTSaxonysenohnKFeTIoPrice = 0.25 telephones per loafPrice =0.25 telephon

15、es per loafBreadBreadSupposethatSaxonydiscoversawayofirrigatingpreviouslyaridland.a. WhatwouldyouexpecttohappentothevolumeoftradebetweenLeinsterandSaxony?b. Whatwouldhappentothelevelofeconomicwell-beinginSaxonyasaresultofthegrowthitexperiencedaftertheexpansionofirrigation?s labor force.Suppose,inste

16、ad,thataplaguewipesout20percentofLeinsterc. WhatwouldyouexpecttohappentothevolumeoftradebetweenLeinsterandSaxony?d. Whatwouldhappentothelevelofeconomicwell-beinginLeinsterafterthepopulationdecline?2. AssumethatCanadaexportsland-intensivewheatandimportscloththatusesunskilledlaborintensively,eventhoug

17、hCanadadoesmakesomeclothathome.IfamajorbreakthroughinbiotechnologydoublesCanadasabilitytogrowwheat,andiftheextrawheatsupplylowerstheworldpriceofwheat(inyardsofclothperbushelofwheat),a. willthissetofeventsmakeCanadabetterofforworseoffasanation?b. willthissetofeventsmaketherestoftheworldbetterofforwor

18、seoff?c. willtheseeventsraiseorlowertherealwagerateofunskilledCanadianlaborers?If, instead, the rest of the worldslaborsupplytsdloaunbdlessupwphliylereimainsthesame,d. willthiseventanditseffectsmakeCanadabetterofforworseoffasanation?3. ThetradeministerforSaxonyisanationalist,amercantilist,anisolatio

19、nist,andnearlyeveryotherkindof“ist”youcanthinkof.SheshtaesdstuhgagteSaxonycloseitsdoorstotelephoneimportsfromLeinster.Focusingontheroleoftechnologyineconomicgrowth,trytotalkheroutofheranti-importstance.4. SupposeKazakhstanisland-andunskilled-laborabundantandcapital-andskilled-laborscarce.a. Accordin

20、gtotheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,whattypeofgoodswillKazakhstanexport,andwhattypewillitimport?b. SupposethatKazakhstanwantstoachieve“importreplacing”growth.Whatchangeinitsendowmentswouldachievethisgrowth?IfKazakhstanwerelarge,whatwouldbetheeffectonitstermsoftrade?5. SomeoilexecutivesareurgingCongresstoopenupthewildlifepreservesintheArcticregionofAlaskatooilexploration.If,indeed,hugenewoilreservesarediscoveredthere,a.wha