沪教版八年级英语单词词组语法

1、沪教版八年级英语单词词组语法词组111315soon after 不久之后2hold a meeting 举行会议after school 放学后 6 decide to do 决定做某事the chief editor 主编 10take charge of 负责12 ask for suggestions 征求建议 the Reading Club 读书俱乐部publish a newspaper 出版一份报纸write a report about sth. for sb. 就某事写一篇报告给某人at the next meeting 在下一次会议上elect sb. to be sth

2、.选某人做 vote for sb. 投票给某人ought (not) to = should (not) 应该1416class / school newspaper 班 /校报 take notes 做记录，做笔记17different sections of the newspaper 报纸的不同栏目18talk sth. over with sb. = discuss sth. with sb. 与某人讨论某事19 make a list of sth.列出的清单 20 be free to sb.对某人是免费的2123252729pay sb. money for sth.为付给某人

3、钱 22 have different ideas 意见各异a bit longer ( 时间)久一点24agree to do 同意做某事26agree on sth.在上达成一致 in one week's time = in a weekmake a decision about sth. 做决定agree with sb. 同意某人28 conclude the meeting 结束会议一个星期后II. 词性转换1. consider (v.) 考虑 (in)considerate (a.)(不 )体谅人的2. publish (v.) 出版 publishing (n.) 出

4、版 publisher (n.) 出版者 (社 )3. edit (v.)编辑 editor (n.)编辑 4. choice (n.)入选者 choose chosechosen (v.) 选择5.vote (v.) 投票 voter (n.) 投票人 6. elect (v.) 选举 elector (n.) 选举人election (n.) 选举7.suggest (v.) 提议 suggestion (n.) 建议 8. experience (n.) 经验experienced (a.) 有经验的9.brief (a.) 简短的 briefly (ad.) 简短地 10. decid

5、e (v.) 决定 decision (n.) 决定11. conclude (v.) 结束 conclusion (n.) 结论 12. responsible (a.) 有责任的responsibility(n.) 责任13. (dis)agree(v.) (不 )同意 (dis)agreement (n.) ( 不 )同意 14. read (v.) 阅读 reader(n.) 读者III. 语言点1. Soon after the term started, some Grade Eight students at Mayfield School wanted to publish a

6、 newspaper.soon after 意为“不久之后，稍后”。即可作副词短语，用作时间状语；也可作连接词，引导时间状语从句。2. They held a meeting. 句中的 hold 作动词，意为“举行”。此处 hold 可用 have 代替。3. We elected Joyce to be the chief editor. elect 此处意为“选举，推选”。elect sb. to be 意为"选举某人担任（职务） ”也可表示为：elect sb. as4. Tony suggested that we should choose Joyce, because s

7、he has experience.句中 experience 作不可数名词，意为“经验”当作不可数名词时，意为“经历”have experience 可意为 be experienced。5. Then Joyce took charge of the meeting.句中的 charge 为名词，意为“任务，责任”。常见的搭配有：take charge of 和 in charge of 。此处 take charge of 与 be in charge of 与 be responsible for 可替换。6. She said that we ought to elect a sec

8、retary next.ought to 是个助动词，意为“应该”，与 should 同意。7. She asked for suggestions. ask sb. for .意为 “向某人寻求” suggestion 意为“建议”，为可数名词；与advice 的不同之处在于，advice 为不可数名词。8. Joyce told them to talk it over among themselves.句中talk sth. over是"详细讨论”的意思，也可用" discuss sth.”来表示。9. Should it be free to readers, or

9、 should they pay for it?。意为"付款"pay for 意为"对免费"be free to sb.,意为"免费的"free沪教版八年级英语单词词组语法【比较】spend, cost, take, pay(1) spend 的主语通常是人，往往用于以下句型：(sb.) spend some money/some time on sth. (sb.) spend some money/some time(in)doing sth.(2)take 常用于“占用、花费”时间，其主语通常为形式主语 it 或物。句式是：It

10、 takes/took sb.some time to do sth = Sth.takes sb.some time.(3) pay 为“付款、赔偿”之意，主语通常是人，往往是sb. pays some money for sth 或 pay sb.(some money for sth) 例如：(4) cost 的主语必须是某物。常用用法是sth.cost (sb.) some money 。10. We all had different ideas, and so Joyce said that we should think about this a bit longer. have

11、 different ideas 意为“意见各异”。a bit 意为“一点”。 1) a bit 不能直接修饰名词，须用a bit of。 2) a bit 可修饰形容词及形容词副词的比较级，作程度状语。11. We agreed to conclude the meeting then. agree to do something 意为“同意做某事”；agree with意为"同意，赞成”,后接表示人或意见观点的词； agree on/upon/about 意为“在某方面达成一致意见”。IV. 语法 一、主要特征。情态动词后的动词都用原形。构成疑问句，通常把情态动词放在主语前；构成

12、否定句，not放在情态动词之后，其缩写形式为can't, mustn't, needn't, shouldn't 等。二、主要用法。1. 用 can, could 和 be able to 表示能力。(1) can 意为“能够”，否定形式为cannot 或can't。如： He can speak five foreign languages.(2) could 是 can 的过去式。因此，对于过去的时间(如yesterday, last week 等) ，我们不用can 或can't, 而用 could 和 couldn't。 如： W

13、hen I was young, I could run very fast.be able to一般可以代替 can,也可以表示能力。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could),而 be ableto 则有更多的时态形式。如： My little brother has been able to write.2. 用 must 与 mustn't, have to 与 don't have to, needn't 表示义务。(1) must 用以表示 “必须做某事”或 “一定要做某事”， 具有强制性，表示一定的责任或义务。如：Thewindows are ver

14、y dirty. I must clean them.,具有强制性。(2) mustn't 是 must 的否定形式，表示“禁止；绝不允许”如： You mustn't play football in the street.(3) must 没有过去时，要表达过去的含义，我们可使用had to 代替 must。此外， have to 侧重这种“义务”或“责任”源于某种客观情况或规定，并非说话者本人能够控制。如： We missed the last bus, so we had to walk home.don't have to与needn't是"

15、不必”的意思，没有强制性。两者意思相近，但在使用时，前者 有人称、时态的变化；后者没有人称变化，而且一般表示现在时间的含义。如： It has just rained, so he doesn't have to water the garde(n.)You needn't swim in the sea. We have a swimming pool in our hotel.(5) must 用于一般疑问句中，其肯定和否定回答应引起注意。如： Must we go now?我们一定要走吗？- Yes, we must.是的，我们一定要走。- No, we mustn

16、9;t.不，我们不可以走。Must I finish the work this week?我一定要在这星期完成这项工作吗？- Yes, you must.是的，你一定要完成。- No, you needn't.不，你不一定要完成。 根据实际含义和情mustn't 提问的一般疑问句，否定回答并不一定是must 从以上例子中可以看出，用沪教版八年级英语单词词组语法况，我们需要正确选用mustn't 或 needn't 来回答。3. 用 can, could 与 may 表示“许可”。(1) 在请求对方的许可，或是准许你做某事时，常用情态动词can, could 和

17、may。 can 最为常用；could 较为婉转，更有礼貌；may 则比较正式。如： Can I open the window?Could I borrow a pencil, please? May I leave early today?(2) 表示给予许可时，通常用can 或如： Could I borrow a pencil?May I sit here?4. 用 can, could 与 would 表示“请求” 当我们需要别人的帮助时，常使用时， could 和 would 则很少使用。如： Can you open the window?- Yes, you ca(n.) /

18、No, you can't.- Yes, certainly. / No, I'm afraid not.- Yes, you may. / No, you may not. may,而不用 could。- Of course you ca(n.)- No, you may not.can, could 和 would 这三个情态动词进行提问，但在回答- Yes, I ca(n.)Could you pass me the salt, please? - Yes, certainly.Would you help me carry my suitcase? - No, I

19、9;m afraid not.常见的肯定回答：Of course I ca(n.) / OK. / All right.常见的否定回答：I'm afraid I can't / Of course not.5. 用 must 和 can't 表示“猜测”。(1) must 表示说话者对某事的发生或情况很有把握，意为“肯定；一定”。如： Her flat is very near Xujiahui. It must be very noisy.(2) can't 表示说话者有相当的把握确定某事不会发生，意为“不可能”。如： You've just had

20、lunch. You can't be hungry.6. 用 should 和 ought to 表示“义务”和“建议”。(1) should 和 ought to 表示应该做某事，或做某事的动机是正确的。一般可以相互替换。如： You should / ought to put your rubbish in the bi(n.)(2) ought to 的否定形式为ought not to 或 oughtn't to 。构成疑问句，把ought 提前至主语前。如： You ought not to watch TV for too long.Ought we to dis

21、cuss the work now?(3) should 和 ought to 用在疑问句中时，常用来询问他人的见解或建议。如： Ought I to finish my homework now?- Yes, you ought to.(4) should 和 must 的区别在于：前者多用于劝说他人的错误行为或给予他人一些建议，不具备强制性；而后者意为“必须”，用于规定或约束他人的行为，具有强制性。如： You shouldn't be cruel to animals.You mustn't park you car here. Drive it away immedia

22、tely.(5) should 和 ought to 常与动词think 连用。如： I think Carol should buy some new clothes.It's late. I think I ought to go home now.宾语从句一、概念。在句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。二、语序。宾语从句的构成为“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他” ，其语序是陈述句语序。三、引导词。沪教版八年级英语单词词组语法1. 如从句是陈述句，用连接词that 引导( that 在口语或非正式文体中常省略)

23、。如： We know (that) there are two kinds of sports.2. 如从句是特殊提问句，用连接副词why, when, where, how 或连接代词who(m), what, which 引导。如： Do you know why I like team sports?I don't know how they got the tickets.3. 如从句是一般疑问句，用连接词whether 或 if 引导 (口语中常用if) 。 if 和 whether 意为 “是否” 。如； I don't know whether / if the

24、y have decided on the date of the meeting.4. 如从句是选择疑问句，多用连接词whether 引导，特别是与or not 连用时。如： I don't know whether they will come for our help or not.四、时态。1. 如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如： I tell him that I moved to Beijing last year.I have heard that he will come back next week.2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态

25、也要用过去的某种时态。如： He said that there were no classes yesterday.Tom told me that he would have a birthday party.3. 如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如： The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.五、从句的简化。1. 当主句谓语动词是find, see, watch, hear 等感官动词时，从句可简化为“宾语 +宾补”结构，宾补为不带to 的不定式或v-ing

26、形式。如： She found that the wallet lay on the ground.- She found the wallet lie on the ground.I heard that the birds were singing in the tree.- I heard the birds singing in the tree.2. 当主语谓语动词是wish, decide, plan, agree, hope 等，且主句和从句的主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如： She agreed that she could help me with my Maths.

27、- She agreed to help me with my Maths.3. 在连接副词/代词引导的宾语从句中，当从句的主语和主句的主语或和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接副词 /代词+不定式”的结构。如： I haven't decided when I will leave for Beijing.- I haven't decided when to leave for Beijing.Can you tell me how I can get to the station?- Can you tell me how to get to the station?

28、4. 在 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句中，当主句和从句的主语相同时，从句有时也可简化为“ whether+ 不定式”的结构。如： I am not sure if I will go with you.- I am not sure whether to go with you.He doesn't know whether he will stay here or not.- He doesn't know whether to stay here or not.Section2:1. 词组(1) 举行一次会议hold a meeting(2) 就他们的会议内容向

29、校长写了这份报告write this report about their meeting for theheadmasterdecide to elect the chief editor决定选出主编(3)沪教版八年级英语单词词组语法(4) Tony 建议我们选择Joyce Tony suggested that we (should) choose Joyce 。 (5) 选择她 votefor her(6) 选择 Joyce 担任主编elect Joyce (to be) the chief editor(7) 掌管会议take charge of/be in charge of/be

30、responsible for the meeting(8) 征求建议ask for suggestions(9) 开始做纪录start taking notes(10) 负责报纸不同的版面be responsible for different sections of the paper paper 做报纸可数(11)要求他们自己讨论一下tell them to talk it over among themselves talk over = discuss(12) 在下一次会议上做出决定decide at the next meeting/make a decision at the n

31、ext meeting(13) 罗列一些其他的事项make a list of some other things(14) 简单地讨论了最后一个问题consider the last question briefly(15) 再考虑一段时间think about this a bit/a little longer(16)同意结束会议agree to conclude the meeting(17) 安排一周后/二周后举行第二次会议arrange to have the next meeting in one week's time/two weeks' time(18)在意见

32、上达成一致agree on ideas(19)你该赢 You deserved to win!(20)我为你高兴! I'm delighted for you!(21) 多可惜啊! What a shame!/What a pity!(22)选我做班长elect me monitor(23) 一点不错!/完全同意You can say that again! = I can't agreemore!2.词性转换（动词注意时态，名词注意单复数）名词注意单复数）electv. 选举election n. editv. 编辑editor n.suggestv. 建议suggestio

33、n n.experience un. 经验experienced adj. experiences cn. 经历readv. 读者reader n.briefadj. 简单的briefly adv.decidev. 决定decision n.conclude v. 总结conclusion n.choosev. 选择choice n. agreev. 同意agreement n.youthn. 青年时期young adj.in one's youth = When sb. was youngcongratulate v. 祝贺congratulation n. ( 常用复数) delight v. 使高兴delighted adj.designv. 设计designer n.different adj. 不同的difference n.3. 语法(1) the other, other, others, the others, another 区别onethe other表示(二者中)另一