【优质】2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

1、2012 年通高等学校招生全国统一考试第二部分 阅读理解 （满分 45 分）A、第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题 所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中， 选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项 涂黑。 （每小题 2 分）Cold weather can hard on pets, just like（正女口） it can be hard on peopleSometimes owners forget that their cats are justas used tothe warm适应了暖和的住shelter '?elt? n. 庇护；避难所；遮 盖物 vt. 保护；使掩蔽 vi. 避难 a

2、s they are（和人所 ） Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living习惯于）outdoors This can put their pets in danger of （处在 危 险 中 ）serious illness There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.you can when the_LV-样Keep yo

3、ur pets insideas much as 和weather is bad If you have to take them out, stay outside withthem. When （时间状语从句） you're cold enough to go inside, they probably are too I you must leave them outsidefor a long time （段时 间）,make sure （确保） they have a warm, solid shelter againstthe wind, thick bedding, an

4、dplenty o（f 大量的） non-frozen water.If（ 条件状语从句） left aloneoutside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their searchfor（寻找）warm shelterThey can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter ofgood qualityKeep an eye o（n 注意） your pet&#

5、39;s water Sometimes owners don't realizethat （宾语从句）a water bowl has frozen and their pet can't get anything to drinkAnimals that don't have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside,which （ 非 限 制 性 定 语 从 句 ） may contain something unhealthy for them. 细节理解题 41What do we learn

6、 about pets from Paragraph 1?AThey are often forgotten bytheir owners.B They are used to livingoutdoors.CThey build their own shelter.D They like to stay in warmplaces.推理判断题 42 Why are pet ownersasked to stay with their pets whenthey are out in cold weather?ATo know when to bring theminside.BTo keep

7、 them from eating badfood.To help them find shelters. To keep them company. 细节理解题 43If pets are left on theirCDown outdoors in cold weather, theymayA run short of clean waterB dig deep holes for funC dirty the snow nearbyD get lost in the wilda目的，意图题 44 What is the purpose of this text?A To solve a

8、problem.B To give practical advice.CTo tell an interesting story.D To present a research result.(B)You may think that sailing is adifficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it You do not need to be strongBut you need to be quickAndyou need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.Firs

9、t, you must ask yourself,“Where is the windcoming from（ 来 自） ? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” You must think about this all the time on the boat The wind direction tells you what to do with （处理，解决）the sail.Let's start with the wind blowingfrom the behindThis means the wind

10、and the boat are going in the same directionThen you must always keep the sail outside the boat It should be at a 90 ° angle'?g门（角度）to theboatThen it will catch the wind best.If the wind is blowing from theside, it is blowing across the boat In this case, you must keep the sail half way out

11、side the boatIt should be at a 45° angle to the boat It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn't flap （摆动 ）It shouldn't look like on a flagpole 'fl? gp?ul n. 旗竿 If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down （缓慢）.Sailing into the win

12、d is notpossible If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop You may wantto go in that direction It is possible, but you can't go in a straight lineYou must go first in one direction and then in another This is called tackin（g 抢 风行驶） When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail

13、inside the boat.细节理解题 45What should you consider first while sailing?A Sailors' strength.B Wave levels.C Wind directions.D Size of sails.猜词义题 46 What does the wordIt” underlined in Paragraph 4 referto?AThe boat.B The wind.CThe sail.D The angle.细节理解题 47What do you haveto do when sailing against t

14、he wind? AMove in a straight line.BAllow the sail to flap.C Lower the sail.D Tack the boat.推 理 判 断 题 48 Where can you probably find the text?AIn a popu lar magazine .众 guidebook.杂志B In a touristC In a physics textbook.D In an official report.（C）Facialexpressionscarry meaningthat is determined by（ 被动

15、语态） situations and relationships For example, in American culture （文化） the smile is in general an expression of pleasure Yet it also has other usesA woman's smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young childA smile may show love or politeness It can

16、 also hide true feelings It often causes confusio困 惑 ） across cultures For example,many people in Russia smiling at strangersin public to be unusualand even improper Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places （although this is less common in big cities）Some Russiansbelieve that Am

17、ericans smile in the wrong places; some Americansbelieve thatRussians don't smile enough InSoutheast Asian culture, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.Our faces showemotions （情感 ）,but we should not attempt to

18、“ read” people from another culture as we would “ read” someone from our own cultureThe fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial

19、expressions permittedFor example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely asAmericans do When with friends,Japanese and Americans seem toshow their emotions similarly.It is difficuit to generaiize'd?en?r?iaiz vt. 概括；推广；使 .一般化 about Americansand facia

20、i expressivenessbecause of personal and cultural differences in the UnitedStatesPeople from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others The key is to try not to judge peopiewhose （定语从句）ways of showing emotion are differentIf we judge accordingto

21、（根据） our own cuiturai habits, we maymake the mistake （犯错误）of “reading' theother person incorrectly.细节理解题 49 What does thesmile usually mean in the U.S.?A.Love. B. Politeness.C.Joy. D.Thankfulness. 推理判断题 50The author mentionsthe smile of theVietnamese to provethat smile canAshow friendliness to s

22、trangersB be used to hide true feelingsCbe used in the wrong placesD show personal habits 推理判断题 51What should we do before attempting to“read” people?ALearn about their relations with others.B Understand their culturalbackgrounds.C Find out about their pastexperience.D Figureout what they will donex

23、t.旨大意题 52What would be thebest title for the test?Cultural DifferencesB Smiles and RelationshipFacial ExpressivenessD Habits and Emotions(D）ADDIS ABABA,Ethiopia - Oneof the world's most famous fossilS化 石）-the 3.2 million-year-old Lucy skeleton?skelitnl骨骼）unearthed inEthiopia in 1974 - will go on

24、 an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials saidTuesday.Even the Ethiopian public hasonly seen Lucy twiceThe Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian NationalMuseum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secretstoreroomA

25、team from the Museum of National Science in Houston, Texas, spent four years discussingwith theEthiopians for the U.Stour, which will start in Houston next September.“ Ethiopia'srich culture of boththe past and today, is one of the best kept secrets in the world”, said JoelBartsch, director of t

26、he Houston museum.The six-year tour will also go toWashington, New York, Denver andChicago Officials said six otherU.Scities may be on the tourBut they said plans had not been workedout.Travellingwith Lucy will be 190other fossils.Lucy, her name taken from aBeatles son（g 甲壳虫乐队的歌） that played in a ca

27、mp the night of her discovery,is part of the skeleton of what was once a 312 -foot-tall ape-man （猿人 ）.目的意图题 53The author writes this text mainly toAintroduce a few U.SmuseumsBdescribe some research workC discuss the value of anape-manD report a coming event 猜词义题 54 What does the wordsa replica” in P

28、aragraph 2 refer to?A A painting of the skeleton.B A photograph of LucyC A copy of the skeleton.D A written record of Lucy. 细节理解题 55 How many cities hasLucy's U.Stour plan already included?AFour.BFive.CSix.DEleven.细节理解题 56 Whatwas theskeleton named after?A An ape-man.BA song.C A singer. DA camp.

29、（E）Make Up YourMind （下定决心） to SucceedKind-hearted parents haveunknowingly left their children defenseless against failure The generation born between 1980 and2001 grew up（成长）playing sports where scoresand performance were played down because “ everyone's winter. ” And their report cards sounded

30、morepositive （正面的 ） than ever before. As a result,（结果是）Stanford University professor CarolDweck, PhD, calls them “ the overpraisedgeneration?d?en?rei?nn.（一代人；生殖）”Dweck has been studying howpeopledeal with（处理）failure for 40 yearsHer research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets tha

31、t have a great effect o（n 对。有 影响） how we react to （反映） itHere's how they work:A fixed mind-se（t 有固定思维的 人） is grounded in the belief that talent （才能）is genetic - you're a born artist, point guard, or numbersperson The fixed mind-set believes it's sure to succeed without much effort and re

32、gards failure asv（ .把 , 认 作；当做 ） personal shame When things get difficult, it's quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.On the other hand 另一方面 , agrowth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible Because

33、 theego 英?ec?u （自尊 ,自我意识 ） isn't on the line as much, the growth mind-set seesfailure as a chancerather than （而不是） shameWhen faced wit（h 面对） a difficulty, it's quick to rethink, change and try againIn fact, it enjoys this experience.We are all born with growthmind-sets （Otherwise, we wouldn&

34、#39;t be able to live in the world.） But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise Dweck's book,Mind-set: The New Psychology ofSuccess, and online instructional program explain this in depthBut she saysthere are m

35、any little things youcan start doing today to make surethat your children,grandchildrenandeven you arenever defeated byfailure.推理判断题57 What does theauthor thinkabout the presentgeneration?A They don't do well at school.B They are often misunderstood.CThey are eager to win in sports.D They are gi

36、ven too much praise. 细节理解题 58 A fixed mind-setperson is probably one who _ .A doesn't want to work hardB cares a lot about personalsafetyC cannot share his ideas withothersD can succeed with the help ofteachers细节理解题 59 What does thegrowth mind-set believe?A Admitting failure is shameful.BTalent

37、comes with one's birth.C Scores should be highlyvalued.D Getting over difficulties isenjoyable.推 理 判 断 题 60 What shouldparents do for their children based onDweck's study?AEncourage them to learn fromfailures.B Prevent them from makingmistakes.C Guide them in doing littlethings.第三节D Help the

38、m grow with praise.书面表达 （30 分）假定你是李华。你班同学决定为小明举办生日聚会。请你写信邀请外 教Susan参加，要点包括：1.时间：周五晚8点至9点2地点：学生俱乐部3.内容生日歌、蛋糕、游戏4.要求:备小礼物注意：1.语已为你写好； 以便行文连贯； 题卡相应的位置词数 100 左右，开头2.可以适当增加细节，3 答案必须写在答Hi, Susan,We're throwing a surprisepartyfor Xiaoming's birthday 参考答案第一部分第一节 15 DBCAB 第二节610 DCBDA 1115 ACBCA 1620BACDD 第三节 2125 BCADB2630DABCA 3135BBDAD3640 CACCD第二部分第一节 4145DAABC4650CDACB5155BCDCB5660BDAD第二节 6165 ACEFB第三部分 第一节 66 foreign 67 pride68 interrupting 69 nationality 70modern 71nephew 72refused 73 bookshelves / bookcases74 whispering 75cough 第二节Dear Editor,I&#