浙江广播电视大学现代远程教育专科《英语语法》课程重、难点

1、浙江广播电视大学现代远程教育专科英语语法课程重、难点u-2冠词4I. 重难点提示冠词置于名词之前,用来说明名词所指的人或事物,它不能离开名词而单独存在.英语冠词有:1) 定冠词: 主要功用为 “特指”, 表示同类中的某一人或某一类人和物.2) 不定冠词: 为 “泛指”, 指某类人或物中的任何一个或某一个.3) 零冠词: 它是名词之前一种无形的冠词,用在一般所谓的不用冠词(定冠词与不定冠词)的场合.有三类名词前使用零冠词：复数可数名词，不可数名词（用单数形式）及专有名词。本章要求熟记与冠词有搭配关系的常用习语以及一些不用冠词的固定词组。重点学习 “定冠词+单数形式的名词”的类指；不定冠词用于物质

2、名词；不定冠词用于抽象名词、形容词最高级及序数词；不定冠词的位置；零冠词用于名词、零冠词用于 “零冠词+带定语的名词”结构。II. 解题指导Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences:1. Henry plays _, but his brother prefers to play football.A. piano B. the piano C. a piano D. pianos答案是B。定冠词+单形名词（常指动植物、文化设施、乐器、度量衡单位等）常表示 “一类”，该句的名词是“钢琴（乐器）”，因此

3、在单数形式的前面要加定冠词。2Can you give me _ chance ,please?答案是A。一般来说，在序数词前加上定冠词表示顺序，排第几位。加上不定冠词表示“又、再”之意，该句的序数词在句中并无与其他事物一一排比的含义，而且表示“再、又”的意思，所以选用不定冠词。3. Even on Sundays, fewer people go to _ church than before.A. the B. a C. / D. that 答案是C. “ go to church”是 “去做礼拜” 这类不用冠词的固定词组还有“go to bed”, “go to work”, “ go

4、to school”, “ go to class等.4._ universe is no longer _ mystery to us.A. A.a B. The.the C. An.a D. The .a 答案是D. 表示在世界上独一无二的事物时需用定冠词,如: the sun, the moon, the earth. The sky, the world, the universe (宇宙). 该题第二个空显然应该填不定冠词 “a”,表示 “一个”的意思.III. 综合练习(A). Find the choice that best completes each of the foll

5、owing sentences1. Weve already worked for _ hour.A. the B. a C. an D. /2. His son always gets up late in _ .A. any morning B. a morning C. morning D. the morning3. That desk is made of _.A. wood B. a wood C. some woods D. the wood4. John is _ university student.A. some B. any C. a D. an5. _ moon mov

6、es around _ earth.A. The an B. The the C. A . An D. The a6. _ Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.A. / B. The C. A D. An7. This is _ only example I can give you.A. a B. the C. an D. /8. _ is needed for _ production of iron and steel.A. The coala B. The coal .the C. Coal a D. Coal the 9. Th

7、ey set up a school for _ .A. the deaf and the dumb B. a deaf and a dumbC. deaf and dumb D. a deaf and dumb10. Most of _ boys in our school are fond of _ sports.A. the / B. / the C. the the D. /11. I have told him _ to be polite.A. a much time B. much a time C. a many time D. many a time12. We played

8、 two draws the other day, but when I tried _ time, I was beaten.A. the third B. a third C. a three D. the three13. I didnt go to school yesterday because I had got _.A, headache B. a headache C. the headache D. an headache14. Mother does most of _ at home.A. the cleaning B. clean C. cleaning D. a cl

9、eaning15. A foreign language is a weapon in _.A. struggle of life B. struggle of the lifeC. the struggle of life D. the struggle of the life16. I wonder why _ are so fond of action films.A. the people B. people c. peoples D. the population17. _ has just taken his first step into _.A. Man .the space

10、B. The man.the spaceC. The man space D. Man.space18. January is _ month of the year.A. first B. a first C. an first D. the first 19. My younger brother likes to play _ .A. the table tennis B. table tennisC. a table tennis D. an table tennis20. The Long March began in _ .A. the October, 1934 B. a Oct

11、ober, 1934C. October, 1934 D. an October, 1934(B) From the four underlined parts in each of the following sentences choose the one that is wrong:1. There was a news on the radio this morning about the earthquake in Japan.A B C D2.Tom and Mary are traveling in the Europe now. They plan to visit Germa

12、ny, France and Spain.A B C D3. Beijing is one of most beautiful cities in the world.A B C D4. We all think that John is one of cleverest pupils in his class.A B C D5. Iris is very forgetful and so she worries great deal.A B C D6. Radio and television are a important part of our daily lives today.A B

13、 C D7. Television is the most modern instrument of communication, and gives us sound and picture A B at same time.C D8. Since beginning of mans life on the earth, human beings have produced waste materials.A B C D9. For years, young children at the school in western countries have been learning to c

14、ount with the A B Chelp of the abacus.D10. Education in not an end, but the means to an end.A B C D11. Its pity that such a wise man as he should insist on the point.A B C D12. Mary taught English in an university ten years ago.A B C D13. Last week I heard a lecture on a Chinese history.A B C D14. M

15、y brother works in a factory. A factory is very big.A B C D15.The bread and the butter seemed more delicious than anything he had ever eaten before.A B C D© Insert appropriate articles in the blanks of the following passages where necessary:Passage oneWhen foreigners come to China for 1 first t

16、ime, they are always surprised by 2 number of bicycles on 3 roads. China has more cyclists than any other country in 4 world.Because 5 roads are so crowded with bicycles, it is very important for 6 cyclists to remember 7 traffic rules and regulations.Before you ride your bicycle on 8 roads, you must

17、 register it and get 9 number for it. This number will be on 10 plate on your bicycle.Passage twoOne day in 1 winter of 1608, Galileo had 2 letter from 3 friend in 4 Holland.“Some time ago,” his friend wrote, “ 5 Dutchman here made 6 new kind of instrument. The mans name is Lippershey. Yesterday I s

18、aw 7 instrument for 8 first time. It has 9 special lens in it. When I looked through it, everything looked bigger, and nearer to me. I could see quite clearly 10 face of 11 person more than fifty metres away.”Passage ThreeIn 1967, 1 group of scientists noticed strange radio signals from 2 space. Whe

19、n 3 scientists first heard them, they did not tell 4 newspapers anything about 5 matter, in case 6 public were frightened. People are always afraid of 7 strange things from space, and even 8 scientists could not understand what these signals were.The signals were regular, and came from 9 part of 10

20、sky where there was no known star. They came at short intervals of wither 0.033 or 3.5 seconds. 11 Scientists were puzzled because 12 signals were so regular.Answers to u-2 III.综合练习(A) 120 CDACB / BBDAA / DBBAC / BDDBC(B) 115 BBBCD / BDAAC / ABDAB(C) passage A(110)1.the 2.the 3. the 4. the 5.the 6./

21、 7.the 8.the 9.a 10.apassage B(111) 1.the 2.a 3.a 4./ 5.a6.a 7.the 8.the 9.a 10.a 11.apassage C (112)1.a 2./ 3. the 4. the 5. the 6.the 7./ 8. the 9.a 10.the 11.The 12.the u-3代词I. 重难点提示代词是代替名词或起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词等。本章要求学生掌握多种代词的形式和用法，特别是人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词和不定代

22、词。注意all, everyone, each 的区别；any与some的区别；everybody, everyone, one的区别；no one与none的区别；both与two的比较；other与another的比较。II.解题指导Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences1. She has lost _ pen. Will you lend her_?A. heryour B. hersyours C. heryours D. yourshers答案是C. 此题要求正确区分形容性物主代词和名词

23、性物主代词的用法。形容词物主代词my, your, her等是限定词，必须始终放在名词之前，作定语用，如此句中的第一个空“她的钢笔”；而名词性物主代词可以起名词作用，可以作主语、宾语等等，此句中的第二个空显然应该填“yours”，在句中作及物动词“”的lend宾语。2. _must be there at seven oclock.A. You, he and I B. You, I and he C. He, you and I D. He, I and you答案是A。英语中为了客气的缘故，人称代词单数的词序通常是：you and I; you and he; you, he and I。

24、但在承认什么过错时，通常将第一个人称单数放在前面。为：I and he are to blame.3. I have two pencils, but_ of them can be found now.A. none B. neither C. one D. all答案是B。“none”用于两者以上的否定；而只限于两者的否定应该用“neither”，在这个意义上，neither和both相对，none与all相对。另外，肯定句中与neither相应的用词是either。4. Is there _ who would like to go with me?A. someone B. someb

25、ody C. any one D. anyone答案是D。 someone一般用于肯定句中， anyone用于疑问句或否定句中。另外，anyone与anybody, somebody, everybody一样，都不能分开写。III.综合练习(A). Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences1. _ talked to each other.A. He B. She C. They D. It2. I have four brothers. One is in Beijing, and _ are in

26、 Shanghai.A. another B. other C. the other D. the others3. He is great friend of _ A. my own B. mine C. me D. myself4. Be careful! Dont cut _ with the new knife.A. yourself B. you C. your D. yours5. We are interested in _ .A. he comes B. he coming C. hes coming D. his coming6. They talked about the

27、problem among _ .A. them B. each other C. themselves D. themselves7. It was _ who did it.A. we B. our C. us D. ours8. John is father than _ of the better boys in class. He is the fattest.A. some B. any C. that D. many9. _ of them has a bedroom and a study.A. Every B. Both C. All D. Each10. The teach

28、er read the new words carefully, and we did _ .A. such B. same C. the such D. the same11. We have to do it this way, for there are no _ better alternatives.A. other B. another C. the another D. the other12. The hall was almost empty. There were _ people in it.A. little B. a little C. few D. a few13.

29、 The population of China is larger than _ of America.A. this B. these C. those D. that14. _ do you think is the headmaster of this school?A. What B. Which C. Who D. Whom15. There are two maps on the wall. One is a map of China, _ is a map of the world.A. the other B. other C. another D. the another1

30、6. _ are young people of New China.A. We these B. All of us C. All we D. All among us17. The guests upstairs are _ .A. some friends of his fatherB. some friends of his fathersC. his fathers some friends D. some of his fathers friend18. We often speak English with _ .A. us B. each other C. ourselves

31、D. ours19. Her parents are _ workers.A. all B. both C. each D. each other20. The house _ is very nice, but the compound is too small.A. himself B. herself C. itself D. oneself(B) From the four underlined parts in each of the following sentences choose the one that is wrong:1. The visitor claimed to

32、be a friend of you.A B C D2. It was him who broke the window.A B C D3. If one does not work hard, you cant expect to succeed.A B C D4. “Let me help you with the suitcase.” “Thanks. Myself can do it.”A B C D5. Do you still remember the little house that we once lived.A B C D6. Our team, that got the

33、first place last year, was beaten this time.A B C D7. Do you want to know what she said it behind your back?A B C D8. There must be some other reasons for him refuse to help.A B C D9. There are tall trees and beautiful flowers on either sides of the river.A B C D10. He could not read every of the bo

34、oks Mary lent to him.A B C D11. Im interested in mathematics and their applications.A B C D12. Of course, we shall have to agree with you when you say that Tom is taller than A B C any boy in his class.D13. If anyone happens to call on me when I am out, pleased have them leave a note for A B C Dme.1

35、4. Can you tell we two the secret?A B C D15.This is the most important thing which I want to tell you.A B C D(C) Fill in the following blanks.1. With personal pronouns or possessive pronouns:1) This is not Johns house; _is across the street.2) They must do _duty, as we must do_.3) My classmates ofte

36、n help _ when Im in trouble.4) Our squad leader is always ready to help _.5) The elephant is proud of itself, for _has a big strong body.2. With reflexive-pronouns.1) The sentence _ is wrong.2) The girl is too young to look after_.3) Please help _ to some tea.4) We _ will build the workshop.5) One m

37、ust learn to look after _these days.3. With reciprocal or demonstrative pronouns:1) The students of this class help_.2) The climate of Beijing is not so damp as _of Changsha.3) He always sits in the _ chair.4) All I want to say is _ “You should help each other.”5) We are not _ fools as to believe hi

38、m.4. With “all”, “each”, “every”, or “both”:1)_student should come on time.2)_the meat was eaten up.3)A: Do you speak German or French?B: I dont speak _.4) There are two dogs on the porch. _were fast asleep.5) Divide the class into two sections of ten students_.5. With “other”, “the other”, “others,

39、 or “another”:1) Some like singing, _prefer dancing.2) Aunt Wang has two sons. One is a soldier, and _is an engineer.3) This ballpen doesnt work. I must buy _one.4) Ten students in our class are boys, _ are girls.5) I dont like these. Can you show me any_?6. With “neithernor”, “no”, “no one” or “non

40、e”:1) If there were _air, there would be no living things.2) _ _ will try it again.3) Iris caught _ the first train _ the second one.4) How many books are there on the desk? _.5) I need some carbon paper badly but there is _at hand.7. With “any”, “some”, “anything” or “something”:1) Mr.Smith hasnt g

41、ot _brothers in England.2) There is _ wrong with my bicycle.3) I read about it in _ book.4) There was scarcely _ mentioned about this point.5) _ of these books are quite useful.Answers to u-3 III.综合练习(A)120 CDBAD / CABDD / ACDCA / BBBBC(b) 115 DCBCC / ABDCB / CDDAD©1. 1) his 2) their, ours 3)me

42、 4) us 5)it2. 1) itself 2) herself 3) yourself 4) ourselves 5)oneself3. 1)one another 2)that 3) some 4) this 5)such4. 1) Every 2)All 3)either 4) Both 5)each5. 1) others 2)the other 3)another 4)the others 5)others6. 1) no 2)No one 3)neithernor 4) None 5) none7. 1) any 2) something 3)some 4)anything 5

43、)Someu-4数词I. 重难点提示数词是表示数量的词，数词的两个类型是基数词和序数词，前者表示“多少”；后者表示“第几”。本单元要求学生掌握基数词和序数词的用法；分数与小数及年、月、日、时刻的表示用法。II. 解题指导Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences1. He wrote a _ report.答案是B.two-thousand-word三个字用连字符（hyphen）连起来，构成一个复合名词，其中的thousand不加 “s”。又如：a eleven-year-old girl（一个11岁的

44、小女孩）； a five-year plan（五年计划）；a three-day journey（三天的行程）。2. There are _ workers in our plant.答案是A。此句的意思是“我们工厂有4万名工人”。在英语中，hundred, thousand, million 这些词用作确定数目时，不用复数形式，如：six hundred men, two thousand pounds。英语中没有“万”，一万是ten thousand(十千)。3. It is 9:35. Its _.答案是D。注意学会英语中的“钟点表示法”：9.30 nine thirty或half pa

45、st nine9.15 nine fifteen或a quarter past nine9.45 nine forty-five或 a quarter to ten9.25 nine twenty-five或twenty-five past nine9.35 nine thirty-five 或twenty-five to ten(少于30分的用“past”，表示几点过几分。多于30分钟的用“to”表示差几分几点。)4. 261 is _.A. two hundreds sixty-oneB. two hundreds and sixty-oneC. two hundred and sixty

46、-oneD. two hundred sixty one答案是C。注意基数词的构成方式：121-99：先说十位数上的数，再说个位上的数，中间加连字号：如，23：twenty-three; 89: eighty-nine.2.101-999先说百位数上的数，再加and，再加末位两位数（或末位数）。如233：two hundred and twenty-three.III. 综合练习(A) Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences:1. To pay tribute to our beloved Prem

47、ier Zhou Enlai, _came to Tien Men Square on April 5, 1976.A. thousand people B. thousand of peopleC. thousands people D. a thousand people2. There are _ in our classroom.A. scores of people B. score of peopleC. scores of peoples D. score of people3. There are _in the basket.A. dozen egg B. a dozen eggC. a dozens eggs D. a dozen eggs4. 5102 is _.A. five thousand one hundred twoB. five thousands one hundred and twoC. five thousand one hundred and twoD. five thousands one hunared and two5. Tell us something about _, please.A. Second Internat