英语必修ⅰ人教新课标同步知识点学练考--直接引语和间接引语（

1、直接引语和间接引语（1）-陈述句和疑问句【教法探析】直接引语和间接引语一、定义引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。二、功能Mr. Black said, “Im busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。（直接引语）Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。（宾语从句是间接引语）从上例看来，直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须对直接引

2、语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化，如上例直接引语中的I改成了he, am则改成了was。现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下：三、概述（一）直接引语是陈述句时直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。1.人称的变化直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾

3、语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。He said, “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它”。He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he, it不变)He said, “You told me this story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。”He said that I had told him that

4、story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。(You改为I, me改为him, told改为had told)He said to me, “Shes left her book in your room”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。”He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。（Shesshe had， her不变，yourmy）2.时态的变化（1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时(不变)一

5、般将来时过去将来时一般将来进行时过去将来进行时一般将来完成时过去将来完成时如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表：He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。He said, “Im using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。”He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在

6、用小刀。She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”她说：“自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。”She said that she had not heard from him since May. 她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。He said，“I came to help you.”他说：“我来帮助你。”He said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”他说：“晚饭前我己做完了作业。”He

7、said that he had finished his homework before supper.他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。Zhou Lan said, “Ill do it after class.”周兰说：“下课后我就去做。”Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周兰说下课后她就去做。He said,“I shall be doing my homework then.”他说：“那时我将正在做作业。”He said that he should be doing his homework then.他说那时他将正在做作业。He

8、 said, “We shall have finished the work by that time.”他说：“我们将在那时以前完成工作。”He said that they should have finished the work by that time.他说他们将在那时以前完成工作。注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。The teacher said, “The earth is round.”老师说：“地球是圆的。”The teacher said that the earth is round.老师说地球是圆

9、的。He said, “I was born in Shangdong in 1965.”他说: “我1965年生于山东。”He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965. 他说他1965年生于山东。He said, “Columbus discovered America in 1492.”他说：“哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。”He said Columbus discovered America in 1492.他说哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。（2）主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态

10、一律不变He says, “I finished the work.”他说：“我做完工作了。”He says that he finished the work. 他说他做完工作了。He will say, “I have watered the flowers.”他会说：“我己经浇花了。”He will say he has watered the flowers. 他会说他己经浇花了。3.指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化见下表：直接引语间接引语指示代词this/thesethat/those时间状语nowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightthis w

11、eek (month)that week (month)yesterdaythe day beforelast week (month)the week (month)beforetwo weeks (month)agotwo weeks (months)beforetomorrowthe next daynext week (month)the next week (month)地点状语herethere动 词comegobringtakeHe said, “I met Mr. Smith this morning.”他说“我今天早晨见到史密斯了。”He said that he had m

12、et Mr. Smith that morning. 他说他那天早晨见到史密斯了。He said, “We went to the cinema yesterday.” 他说：“我们昨天去电影院了。”He said they had gone to the cinema the day before. 他说前一天他们去电影院了。Lily said, “I will come back next month.” 莉莉说：“我下个月回来。”Lily said that she would go back the next month. 莉莉说她下一个月就回去。He said, “It is nin

13、e oclock now.”他说：“现在九点了。”He said that it was nine oclock then.他说那时九点了。He said, “I havent seen her today.”他说：“今天我没见到她。”He said that he hadnt seen her that day .他说那天他没有见到她。She said, “I went there yesterday.”她说：“昨天我去了那儿。”She said that she had gone there the day before.她说前一天她去了那儿。She said, “Ill go there

14、 tomorrow.”她说：“明天我将去那儿。”She said that she would go there the next day.她说第二天她将去那儿。He said, “My sister was here three days ago.”他说：“三天前我妹妹在这儿。”He said that his sister had been there three days before.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。(herethere; agobefore)She said, “I will come here this evening.”她说：“今晚我将来这儿。”She said that

15、 she would go there that evening.她说那晚她将去那儿。（comego；herethere；thisthat）以上这些变化,要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为there, come也不必改为go,如果就在当天转述，yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。直接引语中的一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间状语连用，间接引语的一般过去时时态不变。Father said, “I am free this afternoon ”父亲说：“我今天下午有空。”Father said that he was

16、free this afternoon. 父亲说他今天下午有空。He said, “I am going there tomorrow.”他说“我明天去那里。”He said that he was going there tomorrow. 他说他明天去那里。巧记:去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。（二）直接引语是疑问句时直接引语如为疑问句，改为间接引语时，须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序。其人称、时态等相应的变化同上。巧记：if(或whether)替引号，陈述语序要记牢。时态、人称和状语要变化，千万别把它忘掉。1.直接引语是一般问句变为间接引语时，须用连接

17、词whether或if将其引出，使其成为间接引语的宾语从句。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语，可以加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, them, us等。She said, “Is your father an engineer?”她说：“你父亲是工程师吗?”She asked me whether my father was an engineer.她问我说我父亲是否是工程师。The teacher said to Li Ming, “Have you finished your homework?”老师对李明说：“你做完作业了吗?”T

18、he teacher asked Li Ming whether he had finished his homework.老师问李明是否已做完作业了。2.直接引语是特殊问句如果直接引语为特殊疑问句, 改为间接引语时，仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what, where, when, who, how many作为连接词将其引出，构成间接引语中的宾语从句，但须将疑问式的动词改为陈述式。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。巧记：直接去引号，陈述语序莫忘掉。助动do(does)、did，要去掉。“What do you do every Sunday morning?” my frie

19、nd said to me.我的朋友问我说，每星期天上午你做什么?My friend asked me what I did every Sunday morning. 我的朋友问我每星期天上午我做什么。“Where have you been, Li Ming?” the teacher asked. 老师问道：“你上哪里去了，李明?”The teacher asked Li Ming where he had been. 老师问李明曾去过哪儿。I asked her, “How many English books will you read next term?” 我问她说：“下学期你将

20、读多少本英语书? ”I asked her how many English books she would read the next term.我问她下学期将读多少本英文书。“When did you get up this morning?” asked my father.我父亲问道：“今天早晨你什么时候起床的?”My father asked me when I had got up that morning. 我父亲问我那天早晨我是什么时候起床的。注意： 直接引语里是：Whats wrong with?/Whats the matter? /Whats the trouble?/W

21、hat has happened?/等特殊疑问句时,间接引语的语序不变。He said to her “Whats the matter with you?”他问她“你怎么了？”He asked her what was the matter with her. 他问她怎么了。【学法导引】英语中直接引语与间接引语的学习直接引语就是直接引用别人的话，一般放在引号内；间接引语就是用自己的话转述别人的话，不加引号。直接引语变成间接引语时，间接引语通常以宾语从句的形式出现。直接引语变成间接引语时还要注意人称、时态、指示代词、时间及地点状语的变化。还有就是别忘了去掉直接引语中的引号。1. 直接引语是陈述

22、句变为间接引语的方法如果直接引语是陈述句，在变为间接引语时，由连词that引导（that可省略）。主句中如果有say to somebody（对某人说），通常变为tell somebody（告诉某人）。He said, “I get on well with people here.” He said that he got on well with people there.Susan said, “We can finish the work tomorrow.” Susan said that they could finish the work the next day.John sa

23、id to me, “I told her all about it three days ago.” John told me that he had told her all about it three days before.【注意】如果直接引语是两个并列的陈述句，变为间接引语时，第一个宾语从句前的that有时可省略，但第二个宾语从句前的that不可省略。He said, “I like swimming and I want to go swimming with you.” He said (that) he liked swimming and that he wanted to

24、 go swimming with us.2. 直接引语是一般疑问句变为间接引语的方法直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether 或if 引导，同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked，没有间接宾语时，还可根据具体情况加一个间接宾语，如me, us, him等。The teacher said, “Will you be back today?” The teacher asked (him) if /whether he would be back that day.He asked, “Has the bell rung?”

25、 He asked if / whether the bell had rung.“Shall (Should) I tell her your telephone number?” he asked me. （表示询问、征求意见） He wanted to know if/whether he should tell her my telephone number.【注意】 “Would you like to.?”和“Would you please.?” 表示的是请求，变为间接引语时，常用动词不定式形式。“Wouldyouliketohelpmewithmy lessons?” she

26、asked me. She asked me to help her with her lessons.3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句变为间接引语的方法直接引语如果是特殊疑问句（即what, which, who, whom, whose, how, why, when, where, how many, how long等引导的疑问句），变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导，但要把原来的疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。He asked, “Who can carry the box?” He asked who could carry the box. (who做主语，语序不变)He asked, “

27、Who is the man near the window?” He asked who the man near the window was.（who作表语，要改为陈述句语序）“Which one do you like best here?” he asked her. He asked her which one she liked best there.“How shall (should) I read the book?” she asked. （表示征询意见） She wanted to know how she should read the book.【模拟练习】.改错：

28、1. He said that he is going to London.2. Tom said they had finished the job yesterday.3. They asked that he was there.4. I asked you where was he going.5. He asked me who I am.6. Mary said that she would see you tomorrow.7. Mother asked what the matter was.将下列句子改为间接引语1. “Where will you go tomorrow?”

29、 Mother asked me.2. The boy told his teacher, “We went to an exhibition yesterday.”3. He said, “Ill go to the station to see off a friend of mine this afternoon.”4. “Hello, how are you?” he said to me.5. Tom said to me angrily, “Why dont you tell me you have been here for two weeks?”6. John said to

30、Mary, “Do you remember I borrowed a diamond necklace from you?”7. “Are you leaving today or tomorrow?”, I asked her.8. The nurse said to the children, “The sun rises in the east.”参考答案:. 1. iswas2. yesterdaythe day before3. thatif4. was hehe was5. amwas6. tomorrowthe next day7. was the matter. 1.Moth

31、er asked me where I would go the next day.2. The boy told his teacher that they had gone to an exhibition the day before.3. He said that he would go to the station to see off a friend of his that afternoon.4. He asked me how I was.5. Tom asked me angrily why I didnt tell him I had been there for two weeks.6. John asked Mary if she remembered he had borrowed a diamon