初中英语介词的讲解与练习

1、介词I.介词的概念-余闸11叶加工春丞则百山，.-何与句3MM养兔虺词入包3电工熊¥轨作3H腐分。拿屈小血工般有 备词生!或妲奂成心若他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词谕组，卷句中作状 语，表语，不卜语或介词兵语。ii. 牢记口诀/心公皿也自从以当为按照，由于对于为了到；和跟把比在关于，除了同对向往朝；用在名词代词前,修饰动形要记牢。iii. 介词归类大全一、表示地理位置的介词：at ,in, on, toat (1)表示在小地方；(2)表示“在附近，旁边”in 表示在大地方;(2)表示"在范围之内”。on表示毗邻，接壤to表示在范围外，不强调是否接壤例句

2、： He arrived at the station at ten.He is sitting at the desk.He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.Jiangsu lies in the east of China.Russia lies on the north of China.Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.(2)above, over, on 在上above指在上方，不强调是否垂直，与 below 相对；over指垂直的上方，与under相对，但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。on表示

3、某物体上面并与之接触。例句： The bird is flying above my head.There is a bridge over the river.He put his watch on the desk.(3)below, under 在下面under 表示在正下方below表不'在下，不一定在正下方例句 There is a cat under the table.Please write your name below the line.二、表示时间的介词：(1)in , on , at 在时in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般 (非特指)的早、

4、中、晚等。如：in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January,in the morning, in the night, in one' s life , in one ' s thirties 等。on表不具体某一天及某一天的早、中、晚。如：on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year ' s Day, on a cold nightin January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。at表示某一时刻或较短暂的

5、时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。如：at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of，at the age of ，at Christmas , at night, at noon, at this moment等。注意：在 last, next, this, that, some, every等词之前一律不用介词。如： We meet every day.(2)in, after 在之后“in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后；“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后；“after+将来点时间”表示将来的某一

6、时刻以后。例句： My mother will come back in three or four days.He arrived after five months.She will appear after five o ' clock this afternoon.(3)from, since 自从from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久；since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。例句： He studied the piano from the age of three.They have lived here since 1978.(4)af

7、ter, behind 在之后after主要用于表示时间；behind主要用于表示位置。例句： We shall leave after lunch.Lucy is hiding behind an old house.三、表运动方向的介词：across, through 通过，穿过across表示横过，即从物体表面通过，与 on有关；through穿过，即从物体内部穿过，与 in有关。例句： She swam across the river.He walked through the forest.四、表示“在之间”的介词：between, amongbetween指在两个人或两个事物之间

8、；among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。例句： There is a football match between Class One and Class Two on the playground.The teacher is standing among the students.五、表示其他意义的介词:on ,about 关于on表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读 about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。例句： There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon.He is writing

9、 a book on cooking.He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.(2)by, with, in表示方法、手段、工具by以方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；with表示用 工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段in表示用方式，用语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等;例句： He makes a living by selling newspapers.He broke the window with a stone.The foreigner spoke to us in English.(3)except, besides 除了

10、except除之外，不包括在内；王先生没去)王先生也去了 )besides 除之外，包括在内。例句： Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(巩固练习：1. Taiwan is the southeast of China.(in, on, to) & Gothe bridgeabove) the river, you' ll find the shop.(across, through;over,3. I go to school 7:3

11、0 every morning.(in, on, at)4. He would like to meet her 8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow morning.(between, among )5. The Greens have lived in China three years.(in, for, after)6. We go to school every day Saturday and Sunday.(except, besides)7. He wrote the letter ink.(by, with ,in)8. She returned to her cou

12、ntry five years.(in, after, for)9. There is a big tree our classroom.(after, behind)10. I usually go to work bike.(by, on, with)其他其它常用介词介词在英语词汇中所占比例很小，但它们的用法却非常灵活，复杂。下列为常用介词及含义:about关于，附近，大约，周围，随身.I have bought a book about Shakespearean.我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书。There are about fifteen trees in the picture.图片里

13、大约有十五棵树。above 在. 上，高出，以上，超过，在. 上游.The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云上飞行。I think the man is above sixty years old.我想那人有六十多岁了。across 横过,对面，交*,在 的对面.Can you swim across the river?你能游过河吗We live across the street.我们住在街的对面。after 在 后面，依照.He went home after school.他放学后就回家了。Read after me, please.请跟我朗读

14、。against撞到，靠着，反对,违背，The car hit against the tree.He is standing against the wall.along 沿着，顺着.They are walking along the river.among在.当中.He is the tallest among them.汽车撞了树。他靠墙站着。他们沿着河行走。他是他们当中个子最高的。They sat around the table talking the news.There is a drugstore around the corner. as作为.He doesn't

15、like people treat him as a child.at在.时亥I ,在.点钟，在.岁时，He always gets up at six in the morning.He shot at the bird but missed it.The car goes at eighty miles an hour. before 在.的前面（位置），在. He took a picture before the car.他们绕桌而坐谈论新闻。拐角处有一家药店。他不喜欢人们把他当小孩子对待。向，在之中，按速度，值（卖）.钱, 他时常早上六点钟起床。他向鸟射击，但是没射中。汽车以每小时八

16、十公里的速度行驶。之前（时间）他在汽车前照了张照片。around 在.的周围，在.那一边.晚饭前他完不成工作。门后有扫帚吗？我们数学都不如他。below在.之下，低于，There are four lights below the ceiling.The murderer run away below the police's eyes.beside 在.的旁边，在.之外，与.相比.天花板下面有四盏灯。杀人犯从警察眼皮底下跑了。He can't finish his work before supper.behind在.的后面（位置），落后于，不如， 迟于，晚于（时间）Are

17、there any brooms behind the door.All of us are behind him in mathematics.He found the body beside the river.他在河边发现了 尸体。Beside yours , my computer is too slow.与你的计算机速度相比，我的就慢多了。除鲍外，我们也都来了。besides 除.之外，We are all here besides Bowe.between 在 两者之间,改定 The relations between the two countries has improved

18、since then.两国的关系从那以后得至 U了beyond在那边，刃B边 TheshopyoUare Jooking for is beyond the street, you can't miss it.你要找的商店在街的but除去.He has nothing but money.他除钱以外什么都没有。by被，在 的近旁，在 之前，不迟于，以 为手段。The classroom was cleaned by the students.教室由学生们打扫干净了。Miss Lucy came to China by air.露西小姐是乘飞机来中国的。down沿着望下。She walk

19、ed down the street.她沿着街道走。during 在期间，在时候。During the holiday, we went to the south.我们假期去了 南方。except 除之外。He knows nothing except English.他除英语以外什么都不知道。for 为.，因为.，至于 。He works for this company.他为这家公司工作。backto the classroom for she had left her books in the classroom.她返回至 U教室是因用he唧efrom 从.，来自.， 因为.。Where

20、 are you from? 你是哪里人？He died from an accident.他死于一场事故。in 在.， 在.之内，从事于.， 按照.， 穿着.。He was born in 1992. 他生于 1992 年。I could finish the program in two weeks.我可以用两周时间完成这个项目。He spend less time in reading.他读书时间很少。The man in black jacket is our teacher.穿黑夹克的那个人是我们的老师。like 象.，如同.。The twins are like their fat

21、her.双胞胎像他们的父亲。near 靠近.。There are some flowers near the house.房子附近有一些花。of .的，属于.。This is a map of China.这是一张中国地图。off 离开.，在.之外。The young man got off the train quickly.I live in a village a little way off the main road. on在.之上。我住在离大路不远的一个村庄里。那个年青人很快下了火车。My book is on the table.我的书在桌子上。out of 从出来，在之外。Th

22、e dog run out of the house.outside . 外边.They are waiting outside the gate.over 在.之上，遍于.之上,There is a light over the desk.He is over sixty years old.狗从房子里跑出来。他们在门外等着。越过。桌子上方有盏灯。他有六十多岁。past 越过.，过.,超越.The students walked past the post office.It is ten past two. 现在是两点十分。round 围着.，绕过.,在.周围。We sat round t

23、he table. 我们围着桌子坐下。学生们走过了邮局。The earth goes round the sun.地球绕着太阳转。从他来到大学后，他since 自. 以后，自. 以来。He hOsmadeigeal胆。gress in English since he came into the college.through 经过., 穿过.。They went through the forest.他们穿过了森林。警察搜山寻找犯人。throughout 遍及.，在各处。The police searched for the criminal throughout the mountain.

24、till 直到.，在.以前。He didn't come back till eleven o'clock.他直到H一点钟才回来。We'll be home till six.六点以前我们都会在家。to到.，向.，趋于。How long is it from here to the station?under 在.之下，低于。There are some footballs under the bed.These students are under seventeen years old.until 直到，在.以前，Please wait for us until w

25、e come back.从这儿到车站有多远？床底下有几颗足球。这些学生们不到十七岁。请等着我们回来。直到上周，我才交了数学论文。It was not until last week that I handed in mathematics paper.up 在. 上面，在. 上。He went up the stairs. 他上了楼梯。upon 在.之上，迫近 .。It's not polite to look down upon him.蔑视他是不礼貌的。within 在. 之内。You must finish the work within two weeks.你必须两周内完成这项

26、工作。without 没有，不，在 之外。We can't do it better without your help.没有你的帮助，我们就做不好。We couldn't live without air and water.没有空气和水，我们就不可能生存。巩固练习：1- Thank youA inthe beautiful flowers!-Not at all.D forB onC ation English?in C with3 Look 二 the map China A after, of, in B at, of, in C after, in, on D 4 -

27、 When did Mr Green arrive in London? - He arrived there2 Can youbyanswer thisfromthe wall, please.D at, of, onatin5 We won the relay race. And there was a big smile A off B nearConour teacher's face.the evening of December 6th. to6 The twins got on well A to-Btheir classmates.onbetweenin7 - Plea

28、se remember to come to my birthday py.They will have a maths test10for一尸。dayswith-I see. I'll onD come DaboutforSaturday evening.1112My brother joined the armyA1989, MarchBCMarch , 1989DHe couldn't work out the maths problem A withoutB underinafter13141516Granny took one look at us her glass

29、esA byB throughWe had our breakfast a quarterA / to B in, toI learn Frenchthe radio every dayAonBinCs good manners to wait lineAinBonIt'1718How many English words had you learnt A by the end of B at the end of The manager was very satisfied A inB on192021John hit Jack face Aon theBI was born the

30、 nightAin, onIt's a bad manner to laugh A over, inI can't do this work well 2223AunderDon't shout Ato, atWe must be strict24A with , HnHe went to the football match25to26272829303132333435363738391989in March , 1989, in March your help一 C forCsevenCfromwithonat,toinaton,toat last term?Ct

31、o the end of his workaboutwithtill the end ofwithin thethe old woman。B at, our selvesi-B September 15,at, onpeople when they are at inTom's help forwithoutto1978 Con hisinin hisat, troubleaton,ofat,withoutYou should be more polite in, for everything in, withlunch last SundayCThe people's Republic of China was founded A withB on CMr Black got to Hangzhoua few daysA inB afterC-Has th