新标准读写英语第三册英语课后翻译

1、Unit 1 Discovering yourself1 We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here, that we would never get a chance like this again, and we became determined not to waste it. Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the following year. No one wanted the humiliation of fi

2、nishing last in class, so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong. Libraries which were once empty after five oclock in the afternoon were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals pro

3、ving their diligence.( and guys wore the bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride 这句的动词wear 后面带两个宾语，中文找不到能带这两个宾语的动词，故处理成四个中文短句；翻译 like medals proving their diligence时，采用“增词法”增加“这些”来概括前面所描写的“眼袋”，“脸色苍白”，“睡眼惺忪”等，使译文含义更加清晰流畅。)我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。当然，下一年四五月份的期末考

4、试最为重要。我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。以前每天下午五点以后，图书馆就空无一人了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。2 Tomorrow? Its all a lie; there isnt a tomorrow. Theres only a promissory note that we are often not in a position to cash. It doesnt even exist. When you wake up in the mo

5、rning itll be today again and all the same rules will apply. Tomorrow is just another version of now, an empty field that will remain so unless we start planting some seeds. Your time, which is ticking away as we speak (at about 60 seconds a minute chronologically; a bit faster if you dont invest yo

6、ur time wisely), will be gone and youll have nothing to show for it but regret and a rear-view mirror full of “could haves”, “should haves” and “would haves”.(本段的难点在于对一些词的理解与翻译，如 an empty field that will remain so, chronologically, invest your time wisely, have nothing to show for it but 等等。“could h

7、aves”, “should haves”,“would haves” 是表达与事实相反的条件句，指自己没有做，但有可能或应该做的事情。)明天行吗？明天只是个谎言；根本就没有什么明天，只有一张我们常常无法兑现的期票。明天甚至压根儿就不存在。你早上醒来时又是另一个今天了，同样的规则又可以全部套用。明天只是现在的另一种说法，是一块空地，除非我们开始在那里播种，否则它永远都是空地。你的时间会流逝（时间就在我们说话的当下嘀嗒嘀塔地走着，每分钟顺时针走60 秒，如果你不能很好地利用它，它会走得更快些），而你没有取得任何成就来证明它的存在，唯独留下遗憾，留下一面后视镜，上面写满了“本可以做”、“本应该做”

8、、“本来会做”的事情。 3对于是否应该在大学期间详细规划自己的未来，学生们意见不一。有的人认为对未来应该有一个明确的目标和详细的计划，为日后可能遇到的挑战做好充分的准备；有的人则认为不用过多考虑未来，因为未来难以预料。(map out; brace oneself for; uncertainty)Students differ about whether they should have their future mapped out when they are still at university.Some think they should have a definite goal a

9、nd detailed plan, so as to brace themselves for any challenges, whereas some others think they dont have to think much about the future, because future is full of uncertainties.4经过仔细检查，这位科学家得知自己患了绝症。虽然知道自己将不久于人世，他并没有抱怨命运的不公，而是准备好好利用剩下的日子，争取加速推进由他和同事们共同发起的那个研究项目，以提前结项。(tick away; make the best of; ha

10、ve a shot at)After a very careful check-up, the scientist was told he had got a fatal disease. Although he knew that his life was ticking away, instead of complaining about the fate, the scientist decided to make the best of the remaining days, and speed up the research project he and his colleagues

11、 initiated, and have a shot at completing it ahead of schedule.Unit 2 Childhood memories1 My flying dreams were believable as a landscape by Dali, so real that I would awake with a sudden shock, a breathless sense of having tumbled like Icarus from the sky and caught myself on the soft bed just in t

12、ime. These nightly adventures in space began when Superman started invading my dreams and teaching me how to fly. He used to come roaring by in his shining blue suit with his cape whistling in the wind, looking remarkably like my Uncle Frank who was living with mother and me. In the magic whirling o

13、f his cape I could hear the wings of a hundred seagulls, the motors of a thousand planes.我的飞行梦像达利的风景画那么真实可信，以致于自己常常会在一阵惊吓中醒来，好像伊卡罗斯那样从空中摔下来，虽然发现自己刚好掉到软软的床上，但也被吓得喘不过气来。当超人开始侵入我的梦乡，并教给我飞行的技巧之后，我每夜的太空冒险便开始了。超人身着耀眼的蓝色衣服，肩披随风飕飕作响的斗篷，经常从我身边呼啸而过。他长得太像我的舅舅弗兰克了，舅舅那会儿正跟妈妈和我住在一起。当超人的斗篷神奇地旋转时，我好像能听见上百只海鸥的振翅声，上千

14、架飞机的马达轰鸣声。2 In contrast, children on the Pacific island of Tonga, studied by Helen Morton, are regularly beaten by their parents and older siblings. They are seen as being closer to mad people than adults because they lack the highly prized quality of social competence (or poto as the Tongans call i

15、t). They are regularly told off for being clumsy and a child who falls over may be laughed at, shouted at, or beaten. Children are thought of as mischievous; they cry or want to feed simply because they are naughty,and beatings are at their most severe between the ages of three and five when childre

16、n are seen as particularly wilful. Parents believe that social competence can only be achieved through discipline and physical punishment, and treat their children in ways that have seemed very harsh to outsiders.(这段话里有多处被动用法，有些译成中文时仍保留被动态，有些则应该变成主动，否则译文就不通顺。)相反，根据海伦·莫顿的研究，太平洋岛国汤加的儿童经常挨父母和哥哥姐姐的

17、打。人们认为儿童和成年人相比更像疯子，因为他们缺乏被大家看重的社会能力（汤加人称之为poto）。小孩子经常因为笨手笨脚而挨骂，他们连摔跤都会被嘲笑、呵斥，甚至被打。人们认为儿童很顽皮，都是因为淘气他们才哭闹，或者要东西吃。在大人看来，三至五岁的儿童尤其任性，因此他们打这个年龄段的孩子也打得最狠。父母们相信，只有靠训导和体罚才能使孩子获得社会能力，所以他们用一种在外人看来非常严厉的方式对待孩子。3在火车站上，有一位老人给我讲述了他参加解放战争的经历，那些战斗故事对我有着极大的吸引力。后来他上了车，列车从我身边隆隆地开走了。可那些故事仍然是那么清晰可见，对于英雄们的壮举，我钦佩不已。(fascin

18、ation; roar; marvel at)At the railway station, an old man told me his experience in the Liberation War, the fighting stories of which were of great fascination to me. Then he got up on the train and it roared past me. But the stories were so real and definite that I greatly marvelled at the courageo

19、us deeds of those war heroes.4行之有效的环保政策不仅能创造良好的生态环境，还能大大降低能源消耗。回顾这个地区近年来的发展情况，我们惊喜地发现地区政府强制实行的环保政策不但没有受到任何批评，还促使居民增强了环保意识，尽其所能节约能源。(consumption; impose; take exception to; prompt)Effective environmental policy might bring about a good environment, as well as reducing energy consumption. Looking back

20、 on the recent development of this region, we find, to our pleasant surprise,that little exception has been taken to the environmental policy of the local government, and the policy has also raised the environmental awareness of the local residents and prompted them to save energy aspossible as they

21、 could.Unit 3 Art for arts sake1 Listen, if you can, to the 48 fugue themes of Bachs Well-Tempered Clavichord. Listen to each theme,one after another. You will soon realize that each theme mirrors a different world of feeling. You will also soon realize that the more beautiful a theme seems to you t

22、he harder it is to find any word that will describe it to your complete satisfaction. Yes, you will certainly know whether it is a gay theme or a sad one. You will be able, in other words, in your own mind, to draw a frame of emotional feeling around your theme. Now study the sad one a little closer

23、. Try to pin down the exact quality of its sadness. Is it pessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad?可能的话，你不妨听听巴赫的平均律钢琴曲集中的48个赋格主题。依次地、一个个地听听其中的每一个主题，你很快就会意识到每个主题都反映了一个不同的情感世界，你很快也会意识到你越觉得某个主题美妙，就越难找到令你完全满意的字眼来描述它。是的，你当然知道那个主题是欢快的还是悲伤的。换句话说，你能够在脑海中勾勒出那个主题的情感框架。那么就更仔细

24、地听一下这个悲伤的主题吧，要明确悲伤的性质。是悲观厌世的悲伤，还是无可奈何的悲伤？是时运不济的悲伤，还是强颜欢笑的悲伤？2 We know less about the Girl with the Pearl Earring than any of Vermeers works. Indeed, the unexplainable lack of background information may even contribute to the worldwide popularity the painting enjoys.With so much mystery, the painting

25、 has been the theme of first, a novel and later, a film, both of which attempt to answer some of the questions about the painting, as well as one, which is immediately more appropriate to the medium of the novel or the film: Are her wide eyes and enigmatic half-smile innocent or seductive?我们对戴珍珠耳环的少

26、女的了解比对维梅尔的其他作品都少。实际上，这种无法解释的背景资料的缺失甚至会使得该画更受欢迎。正因为如此神秘，这幅画先是成了一部小说的主题，而后又被一部电影所采纳。它们都试图揭开有关这幅画的一些谜题，其中一个是：女孩那双睁得大大的眼睛，以及那一丝神秘的微笑，到底是天真还是诱惑？像小说或电影这类媒介更适合作出回答。3 随着婚礼的临近，苏珊变得非常焦虑。她说不清楚是什么让自己如此烦恼。在同好友凯特长谈了一次后，她才意识到，尽管自己已经28岁了，但在情感方面还不够成熟，还没有为婚姻做好准备，也不知道这桩婚姻是否会给自己带来美满的家庭生活。(pin down; guarantee) As the we

27、dding ceremony was approaching, Susan had become quite anxious. She could not pin down what exactly was troubling her. After a long talk with her close friend Kate, she realized that, although she was 28 years old, she was not emotionally mature enough to be ready for marriage and she was not sure w

28、hether the marriage would guarantee her a happy family life.4 她知道中国学生总是不愿意表达自己的情感和想法，这不仅仅因为他们对自己的英语口语不够自信，还因为他们相信稳重是一种美德。因此她特意设计了一些简单的话题，鼓励学生参与讨论，让他们增强自信心，拉近彼此间的距离。(shy away; engage sb in)She knew that Chinese students had a way of shying away from revealing their feelings or opinions, due not merel

29、y to their lack of confidence in spoken English, but to their belief in the virtue of modesty. So she specially conceived a couple of simple topics and encouraged them in the discussion, in order that they might become more confident and closer with each other. Unit 4 Changing time1 Even grown men w

30、ho do market research have trouble visualizing what a public relations man does with his day, and it is a safe bet that the average systems analyst is as baffled about what a space salesman does at the shop as the average space salesman is about the tools needed to analyze a system.即使是那些从事市场研究工作的成年人

31、也难很想象公关部的人每天都在做些什么。一名普通的系统分析师肯定不知道空间推销员在店里都干些什么，就好像空间推销员对分析系统的工具也一窍不通一样。2 So run the clichés, anyway. But it is only our obsession with novelty, ignorance of deeper historical patterns and arrogant insistence on our own importance that leads us into this kind of talk. Hoping to prove our superi

32、ority over the generations that preceded us, we boast that we live in a period of unprecedented change. Yet there is a good case that we do not, in fact, live in very interesting times at all.不管怎么说，这就是那耳熟能详的套话。可是，让我们有这种论调的正是缘自我们对新奇事物的过度迷恋，对深层次历史模式的无知，以及我们的狂妄自大。为了证明相比于先辈们的优越性，我们夸耀说自己生活在一个前所未有的变革期。但是，

33、有一个很好的例子可以用来证明，实际上我们并没有生活在多么有趣的时代。3 我们根本就看不懂他们的计划书，因为他们的观点不太容易把握。这很可能是因为我们双方对于另一方的思维方式都感到同样的困惑。我认为应该安排一次面谈，让大家消除误会，扫除沟通的障碍。(make of; come to grips with; its a safe bet that; as baffled as)We couldnt make of their proposal at all, because it was no easy job for us to come to grips with their perspect

34、ive. It was a safe bet that we were as much baffled about their way of thinking as they were about ours. I think we need to arrange a meeting to clear up misunderstandings and to remove communication barriers.4 从与他共事二十多年的一位同事所写的传记中不难得出这样的结论：他所代表的绝对是该国二战之后的精英阶层，他们在宗教和政治方面的观念较为保守。(nothing if not; in t

35、he wake of; in terms of)From a biography written by one of his former colleagues who had worked with him for more than two decades, it is not difficult to conclude that what he represented was nothing if not the elite class of the country in the wake of World War II, who were rather conservative in

36、terms of religious and political views.Unit 5 A place in society1 Josh shivered as he checked the address on the slip of paper in his hand. Hed never been to Joannes,but knew it by reputation, not because of its food, which had often been maligned, or its jazz orchestra,which had a guest slot for a

37、well-known movie director who played trumpet, but because of the stellar quality of its sophisticated guests: politicians, diplomats, movie actors, hall-of-fame athletes, journalists,writers, rock stars and Nobel Prize winners in short, anyone who was anyone in this city of power brokers.乔希打了个冷战，他打开

38、手里的纸条核对了一下地址。之前他没来过乔安妮餐厅，但对于它的鼎鼎大名却早有耳闻，倒不是因为这里的饭菜有多美味，其实这里的菜品屡遭恶评，也不是因为这里的爵士管弦乐队有一位知名电影导演客串吹小号，而是因为这里汇集了有头有脸的宾客，可以说是星光璀璨，他们中有政客、外交家、电影明星、载入名人堂的体育明星、记者、作家、摇滚明星、诺贝尔奖得主等等总之，这里的每一位客人都是这座权力之里的一个人物。2 The Swedes and the Saudis in this true story have different concepts of the role of personal relationship

39、s in business. For the Swedes, business is done with a company; for the Saudis, with a person whom one has learned to know and trust. As long as one does not know another person well enough it is convenient to have present an intermediary or go-between, someone who knows and is trusted by both parti

40、es. At the root of the difference between these cultures is a fundamental issue in human societies: the role of the individual versus the role of the group. 在这个真实的故事里，瑞典人和沙特人对人际关系在商业中的作用有着不同的理解。对瑞典人来说，他们是在和一个公司做生意；但对沙特人来说，他们是在和一个他们了解并且信任的人做生意。只要他们对某个人还不够了解，就会让一位双方都认识并信任的中间人或介绍人在场，这样做会比较方便。这两种文化的差异源于

41、人类社会的一个根本问题：即个人角色与集体角色的问题。3 这位年轻人是个侦探小说迷，在看了福尔摩斯探案故事之后，他自以为完全掌握了侦探技巧，于是就开始调查一起抢劫案。经过几个星期的周密调查，他倒是追查到了三名疑犯，只可惜案发时这三个人都身在国外。(know sth inside out; track down)This young man liked reading detective stories. After finished reading Holmes stories, he thought he had known the detectives skills inside out a

42、nd started to investigate a case of robbery. After a few weeks of close investigation, he tracked down three suspects, who turned out to be abroad when the robbery took place.4 在本书中我们确实体会到了两种文化之间的差异。不过作者没有详细叙述这些差异，而是仔细讨论了两种文化的相同点，其中说得最多的是为什么这两种文化都如此强调工作的热忱。(dwell on; of which; loyalty)In this book,

43、we do find some differences between the two cultures. But instead of dwelling on the differences, the author presents lengthy discussions on things they have in common, of which their loyalty to work are most thoroughly touched upon.Unit 6 Streets full of heroes1 I thought how we firemen were always

44、 saying to each other, “Ill see you at the big one.” Or, “Well all meet at the big one.” I never knew how it started, or when Id picked up on it myself, but it was part of our shorthand. Meaning, no matter how big this fire is, therell be another one bigger, somewhere down the road. Well make it thr

45、ough this one, and well make it through that one, too. I always said it, at big fires, and I always heard it back, and here I was, thinking I would never say or hear these words again,because there would never be another fire as big as this. This was the big one we had all talked about,all our lives

46、, and if I hadnt known this before just before these chilling moments this sick, black noise now confirmed it.(这段话由许多短句构成，要注意短句间语气的连接。像at big fires，all our lives等词语应该调整语序。)我想起我们消防员平常总互相打趣说：“在大火中见吧。”或者是“我们肯定会在大火中碰面的。”我不知道这种说法是怎么来的，或者我自己是从什么时候开始说起这种话来的，但这就是我们的暗语。意思是不管这场火有多大，以后在别处还会有比这更大的。我们能安然无恙地度过这场火

47、，也会安然无恙地度过下一场火。遇到一场大火时，我总是这么说，也总听别人这么说，可现在，我呆在这儿，想着自己再也不会说这样的话了，也不会再听到别人这么说了，因为再也不会有比这更大的火了。这会是我们大家一辈子都在说的那场大火，如果以前就在这一个个令人胆战心惊的瞬间之前我没有认识到这一点的话，现在这浑厚的、不祥的响声印证了这一点。2 Named as the first chairman of the UN Human Rights Commission, Roosevelt oversaw the two-year process of drafting and securing passage

48、of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Additionally, her clashes with representatives of the Soviet Union led one Republican to lean forward in his chair and state he wouldnt allow his name to be used for fear of being labeled as a Democratic supporter “Now,if you want to know what I think ab

49、out Mrs Roosevelt, she is tuh-riffic! Mrs Roosevelt is unique in her capacity to create an understanding of our position in the minds of the delegates of other countries. Her performance is so superlative that it is rather unexpected to be asked to evaluate her in ordinary terms.”作为联合国人权委员会的首任主席，罗斯福

50、监督了世界人权宣言历时两年的起草和通过的全过程。此外, 她和苏联代表的交锋让一位共和党人从椅子上朝前探过身来，说出了下面一番话因为怕被当成是民主党的支持者，他不愿意透露自己的姓名“如果你想知道我对罗斯福夫人的看法，那我会说她真是了不起! 罗斯福夫人有一种独特的能力，能让其他国家的代表清楚地了解我们的立场。要用平常的语言来评价她高超的外交手腕，一时间还真不知道该怎么说。”3 人们很不理解为什么他一份工作干了30年，大多数人到了他这个年纪至少已经换了四五份工作了。也许对他来说，为了获得更高的薪水或是寻求体验新事物的刺激而换工作毫无意义。在他看来，唯一重要的事是稳定。(stick with; poi

51、nt; thrill)People are quite puzzled about the fact that he has stuck with the same job for 30 years when most people of his age have changed at least four or five jobs. Maybe for him there is no point in changing jobs for a higher pay or for the thrill of experiencing something new. The only thing t

52、hat matters, in his point of view, is stability.4 协会中的大多数会员认为应该竭力游说政府，确保这项计划获得批准。至关重要的是要把决策者中的一些反对者争取过来。虽然这会很难，但是他们下定决心要作最大的努力。 (lobby; win over; adj. + though it + be; utmost)Most members of the association believe that they need to lobby as hard as possible to make sure that the plan will be appro

53、ved by the government. Its essential to win over some of the naysayers among the policy makers. Tough though it will be, they have made up their mind to make utmost efforts.Unit 7 The secret life of science1 Red lights come up just as often when the driver is not in a hurry; its just that the disadv

54、antage of the red light is considerably less if time is not critical. The false part of the perception is that red lights happen more than green lights. The reason for this is simply that a driver has more time to think about a red light than a green light, because while the latter is gone in second

55、s and indeed is an experience no different from just driving along the open road the red light forces a change of behaviour, a moment of exertion and stress, and then a deprivation of freedom for a minute or so. Red lights stick in the mind,while green lights are instantly forgotten. ( The false par

56、t of the perception 直译为“认知中错误的部分”不妥，应译成“错觉”。第三句是一个复杂的长句，应按原文的顺序拆分成若干短句。整个段落的译文要注意对比与因果的关系。)司机不赶时间的时候碰到的红灯其实和赶时间的时候一样多；只是如果时间不紧急，红灯带来的不便要小得多。认为红灯出现的次数比绿灯多其实是一种错觉。产生这种错觉的原因很简单，因为司机有更多的时间去想红灯，而绿灯的时候，车子几秒钟之内就疾驰而过了这其实和在畅通的公路上开车没有任何区别而红灯却迫使司机改变行为，一小会儿的时间里要强迫自己努力一下,承受点压力，还要失去一两分钟的自由。所以红灯会深深地印在司机的脑海里，而绿灯转瞬间

57、就被抛到脑后了。2 Can anyone learn to sing? Its a question that haunted me as I was writing my most recent book The Singing Neanderthals. My research had persuaded me that musicality is deeply embedded in the human genome, with far more ancient evolutionary roots than spoken language. Yet here I was, unable

58、 to carry a tune or match a rhythm. Friends and academic colleagues claimed this was simply because I had been “turned off” from music as a child and if only I took a few lessons I would find my voice. Maybe they were right. So humiliated was I by music teachers who made me “sing” alone in front of

59、the class that I dropped music at the first opportunity and havent participated in anything musical for over 35 years.Perhaps I could learn to sing.(被动说法 I had been turned off from music 译成主动态更好一些。倒数第二句原文是倒装句，译文不必按原文的顺序译，但需把长句拆分成短句。)人人都能学会唱歌吗？在撰写我最新出版的唱着歌的尼安德特人一书时，这个问题就一直萦绕在我的心头。我做的研究让我相信音乐才能是深深植根于人类基因中的，从进化史的角度来说，它比人类的口头语言都要古老得多。可是我本人一唱起歌来不是跑调，就是跟不上节奏。朋友们和学术同僚们都说，那都是因为我小时候对音乐失去了兴趣，只要上几节音乐课，我一定能放声歌唱。