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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH (IV) (new version) 2 Lesson 1 Finding Fossil man We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where&
2、#160;people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history
3、is torecount it as sagas-legends handed down from one generation of story-tellersto another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something aboutmigrations of peo
4、ple who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesianpeoples now living in the Pacific
5、60;Islands came from. The sagas of these peopleexplain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived
6、;so long ago that even theirsagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first &
7、#39;modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, becausethis is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used
8、 woodand skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools oflong ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them
9、60;have disappeared without trace. 3 Lesson 2 Spare that spider Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends ? Because they destroy somany insects, and insect
10、s include some of the greatest enemies of the humanrace. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they woulddevour all our crops and kill
11、160;our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protectionwe get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all
12、of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never dothe least harm to
13、0;us or our belongings.Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them.One can tell the difference almost at a glance for a spider
14、0;always has eight legsand an insect never more than six.How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf ? One authority on spiders made a census of
15、0;the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, andhe estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre, that is something like 6,000,000 spiders
16、0;of different kinds on a football pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess
17、160;at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects
18、;destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.T. H. GILLESPIE Spare that Spider fro
19、m The ListeneLesson 3 Matterhorn man Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them goodsport, and the more difficult it is, the more h
20、ighly it is regarded. In the pioneeringdays, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking forthe easiest way to the top because the su
21、mmit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers
22、of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court
23、160;such excitement. They had a single aim,a solitary goal-the top!It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Exceptfor one or two&
24、#160;places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountai
25、ns. Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coa
26、rse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could-sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his p
27、arishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheesemakers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course
28、dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed. 5 Lesson 4 Seeing hands In the Soviet
29、0;Union several cases have been reported recently of people who can read and detect colours with their fingers, and even see through solid doors and walls. One case&
30、#160;concerns an 'eleven-year-old schoolgirl, Vera Petrova, who has normal vision but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid wall
31、s. This ability was first noticed by her father. One day she came into his office and happened to put her hands on the door of a locked safe. Suddenly
32、;she asked her father why he kept so many old newspapers locked away there, and even described the way they were done up in bundles.Vera's curious talent was
33、0;brought to the notice of a scientific research institute in the town of UIyanovsk, near where she lives, and in April she was given a series of tests by
34、a special commission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federal Republic. During these tests she was able to read a newspaper through an opaque screen and,
35、0;stranger still, by moving her elbow over a child's game of Lotto she was able to describe the figures and colours printed on it; and, in another instance,
36、;wearing stockings and slippers, to make out with her foot the outlines and colours of a picture hidden under a carpet. Other experiments showed that her knees and
37、160;shoulders had a similar sensitivity. During all these tests Vera was blindfold; and, indeed, except when blindfold she lacked the ability to perceive things with her
38、skin. lt was also found that although she could perceive things with her fingers this ability ceased the moment her hands were wet. 6 Lesson 5 YouthPeople
39、0;are always talking about' the problem of youth '. If there is onewhich I take leave to doubt-then it is older people who create it, not the young them
40、selves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings-people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an
41、60;old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where t
42、he rub is. When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain-that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very
43、60;pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives you a certain identity, and that is one of the things
44、160;the young are busily engaged in seeking. I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions
45、or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link them with life, and th
46、e origins of things. It's as if they were in some sense cosmic beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures. All that is in my mind
47、;when I meet a young person. He may be conceited, illmannered, presumptuous of fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to dreary clichés about respect for eld
48、ers-as if mere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as an equal, if I think he is wrong.
49、;7 Lesson 6 The sporting spirit I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common people
50、s of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn't know from concre
51、te examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles. Nearly all
52、the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where yo
53、u pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of
54、;prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who h
55、as played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of
56、60;the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations. who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously b
57、elieve-at any rate for short periods-that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue. 刘晓华 liuxiaohua72 8 Lesson 7 Bats Not all sounds made by
58、160;animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the People are always talking
59、 about' the problem of youth '. If there is onewhich I take leave to doubt-then it is older people who create it, not the young themselves. Let us
60、get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings-people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and
61、a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is. When
62、 I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain-that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very pleased to be
63、0;regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives you a certain identity, and that is one of the things the young are
64、60;busily engaged in seeking. I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comf
65、ort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link them with life, and the origins of th
66、ings. It's as if they were in some sense cosmic beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures. All that is in my mind when I meet a&
67、#160;young person. He may be conceited, illmannered, presumptuous of fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to dreary clichés about respect for elders-as if mere
68、age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as an equal, if I think he is wrong. 7 Lesson 6 The
69、 sporting spirit I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world&
70、#160;could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the
71、0;1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles. Nearly all the sports practised
72、 nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides
73、 and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as
74、 soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even
75、in a school football match knows this. At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but
76、160;the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations. who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe-at any rate
77、160;for short periods-that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue. 刘晓华 liuxiaohua72 8 Lesson 7 Bats Not all sounds made by animals serve as
78、 language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the People are always talking about' the
79、;problem of youth '. If there is onewhich I take leave to doubt-then it is older people who create it, not the young themselves. Let us get down to fun
80、damentals and agree that the young are after all human beings-people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: th
81、e young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is. When I was a t
82、eenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain-that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as someth
83、ing so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives you a certain identity, and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in
84、 seeking. I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are n
85、ot anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link them with life, and the origins of things. It's as
86、60;if they were in some sense cosmic beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures. All that is in my mind when I meet a young person. H
87、e may be conceited, illmannered, presumptuous of fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to dreary clichés about respect for elders-as if mere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as an equal, if I think he is wrong. 7 Lesson 6 The sp
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