公共管理硕士英语语法难点解析

1、虚拟语气的重点是： 1一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。 2虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、的建议、的命令、的提议、的意愿等的主语从句、的宾语从句、的表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。 3主从句表示不同的时间概念、的事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。 4含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。虚拟语气的常见类型和句型(1) 由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气A用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。B用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。Cwis

2、h用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.-“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”-“Thats all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.”I wish that he werent so lazy.(2) had hoped引起的宾

3、语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later.(3) would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如：Id rather you posted the letter right awa

4、y. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。I would prefer he didnt stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了，考试大。(4) Its (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。Its time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.It is high time tha

5、t we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。(5)as, 或者whetheror谓语多用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构：Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoo

6、thly.(6)由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+动词原形，例如：She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.(7) if it were not for与现在事实相反， if it ha

7、d not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for：If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.(8) 虚拟语气用于as if（though）引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。例如：She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发

8、自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。(9)其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a

9、cry.特殊形式的虚拟语气 虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、的建议、的命令、的提议、的意愿等的主语从句、的宾语从句、的表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式，其虚拟语气的构成往往是由should(可省略)+动词原形that从句。 A、的 用于表示意愿、的建议、的命令、的提议、的请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这类动词有： ask要求 advise建议 arrange安排 beg请求 command命令 decide决定 demand要求 desire渴望 determine决定 insist坚持 intend打算 maintain坚持主张 move建议，动员 propose提议 object反

10、对 order命令 prefer建议 require 需要 request要求 resolve下决心 recommend推荐 suggest建议 stipulate约定，规定 urge强调，促进 vote公认，提议 decree颁布（法令） pray请求 注意：这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以接doing或者to do来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。 She advised that we should keep the gate locked.（书面体） She advised us to keep the gate locked.（口语） She advised kee

11、ping the gate locked.(较随便) B、的用于It is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中，这类形容词或分词有： advisable合理的 decided决定的 crucial关键的 appropriate恰当的 (11)动词原形表示虚拟 动词原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一种虚拟，最常见于正式文体中，动词原形一般用在条件从句中，有时倒装置于句首，同时这种用法也常见于独立句中表达愿望。 God bless you! All magnets behave the same, be they large or small. Shell be sixteen years odd, com

12、 May.(come May =when May come). If that be so, we shall take action at once. determined决定的 commanded命令的 arranged安排的 essential紧要的 complied遵照 anxious焦急的 imperative迫切的 important重要的 desirable合意的 better较好的 insistent坚持的 desired想要 asked请求 keen渴望的 incredible难以置信的 adamant坚定不移的 natural自然的 insisted坚持 necessary

13、必要的 suggested建议 urgent紧迫的 ordered命令 shocked震惊的 vital极其重要的 possible可能的 strange 奇怪的 preferable （好一点）proposed提议 requested要求的 required要求的 recommended推荐 resolved决定的 probable（可能的） pity可惜，憾事 shame遗憾 注意：这类形容词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以forto do 来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。 It is essential that he should be prepared for this. It is essential for him to be prepared for this. C用于由表示建议、的要求、的命令、的请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，这类名词常见的有： advice忠告 decision决定 demand要求 desire要求、的愿望 insistence坚持 motion提议 necessity必要性 order命令 preference偏爱 proposal提议 pray恳求 recommendation推荐 request要求 requirement要求 resolution决心 suggestion劝告、的忠告 例如： This