初三英语复习语法知识倒装句的构成

1、英语语法知识：倒装句的构成v 英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。v 如果 “谓语或谓语的一部分主语”，这样的句子就叫倒装句。倒装原因，一是语法结构上的需要（如疑问句），一是为了强调。倒装结构分为完全倒装和部分倒装。 一、完全倒装：将谓语动词完全移到主语前面v 1用于there be（lie，stand，live，seem，appear，exist，come）中。v There is a book and two notebooks on the desk桌子上有一本书和两个笔记本。 v There stands a post office at the corner of th

2、e street街的拐角处有一个邮局。 v 2here，now，then，out，in，up，down，off，back，away用句首 v Here is a letter for youv 有你一封信。 v Then came the day of his examinationv 接着他考试的那天到来了。 v Down jumped the boy from the wallv 孩子从墙上跳了下来。 v 但当主语是人称代词时，主谓不能倒装。例如： v Here she comes她来了。 v 3用于直接引语后面，点明说话人 v “If you die，who will get your

3、money？”asked Holmes“如果你死了，谁会得到你的钱？”福尔摩斯问。 v 如果主语是代词，或谓语含有助动词、情态动词时，则不能倒装。例如： v “I dont know her”He will say“我不认识她。”他会说。v 4为了保持句子平衡、衔接或为了强调表语或状语，可把介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到主语前，用完全倒装语序v Among them was an engineer who had been working on that object for many years他们当中有一位多年研究那个课题的工程师。 v He came into a big room，i

4、n the middle of which stood a large table他来到一个大房间，房间中央有一张大桌子。 v South of the city lies a middle school城市南边有一所中学。 v Hanging on the wall was a beautiful picture一幅漂亮的画挂在墙上。 二、部分倒装：只把助动词、情态动词或系动词放在主语之前，为部分倒装v 1用于疑问句中v Is he reading or playing？他在读书还是在写字？ v 2否定词little，not only，not until，never，seldom，barel

5、y（几乎不），never before，no soonerthan，neithernor，nowhere，not a bit，in no time用句首 v Little did he care about his own safety，though he was in great danger himselfv 虽然他自己处在危险中，但他几乎不关心自己的安全。 v Not only was the city polluted but the streets were crowdedv 这城市不仅被污染了，而且街道也很拥挤。 v Neither does he drink nor does h

6、e smokev 他既不喝酒也不抽烟。v 3在so suchthat句型中，把so such修饰的一部分用句首 ，主句部分倒装v So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in itv 这湖这么浅，没有鱼能在里面生存。 v Such an interesting film is it that we are all movedv 这是一部如此有趣的电影，以致我们大家都很感动。 v 4only 副词、介词短语、状语从句用句首 v Only then did I take pity on him只有到那时我才同情他。 v Only with hard

7、 work can you expect to get a pay rise只有努力工作你才能期望加薪。v 5so形容词、副词用句首 v So loudly is he speakingv 他讲话声音很大。 v 6so用于肯定句、norneither用于否定句，用句首 ，译为“也”。so译为“的确” 不倒装 “David has made great progress recently”“So he has and so have you”v “最近大卫取得了很大进步。”“他的确取得了很大进步，你也是。” v “I dont think I can walk any further”“Neit

8、her do ILets stop here for a rest”v “我想我不能再走了。”“我也是。我们就在这儿停下歇一会儿吧。” v 7让步状语从句中，通常将名词（不带冠词）、形容词、副词、动词原形提前。v 虽然他聪明，但他学习不好。 v Clever as he is，he doesnt study wellv 虽然我很想帮助你，但现在我很忙。 v Much as I would like to help you，I am busy nowv Object as you may，Ill gov 纵使你反对，我也要去。 v 8在某些表示祝愿的句子里。v May you be happy！

9、祝你幸福！ v 9如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should时，可把if省略，把条件句倒装，结构是：Were（Should或 Had）主语v Were I you（If I were you），I wouldnt do it如果我是你，我不会做那件事。 v Should she come（If she should come），tell her to call me up如果她来的话，告诉她给我打电话。v 1Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted v Adidnt I realize Bdid I realize v

10、 CI didnt realize DI realized v B。not until置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序，until引导的时间状语从句用正常语序。 v 2Only by practising a few hours every day _ be able to master the language v Ayou can Bcan you v Cyou will Dwill you v D。only置于句首修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句时，句子要用倒装语序。 v 3Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother？ v I dont know，_ v

11、 Anor dont I care Bnor do I care v CI dont care neither v DI dont care also v B。nor或neither置于句首时，句子要用倒装语序，表示前面否定的内容也适合于倒装句的主语。 v 4Not only _ polluted but crowded v Awas the city；were the streets v Bthe city was；were the streets v Cwas the city；the streets were v Dthe city was；the streets werev C。not onlybut（also）表示“不但而且”，若连接两个并列分句，且not only置于句首时，not only后面的分句要用倒装语序，而but（also）后面的分句用正常