中考动词的语态语法

1、中考动词的语态语法、常见的被动语态结构时态结构时态一般现在时Am/is/are+doneThis kind of car is made inChina.一般过去时Was/were+doneThe flying disk was invented by college students.一般将来时Will/shall+be doneThe bridge will be finished in a month.含情态动词情态动词+be+doneThese books can be put in the empty box.进行时态Am/is/are being done现在完成时态Have/ha

2、s been done过去进行时Was/were being done过去完成时态Had been done二、主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况主动语态中有些感官动词(如 hear, see, notice)和使役动词(如： make, let)后不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式to还原，即hear ab do sth变为sbbe heard to do sth; make sb do sth 变为 sb be made to do sth三、使用被动语态的情况1、不知道动作的执行者是谁This watch was made in China.2、没有必要指出动作的执行者M

3、any trees should be planted every year.3、需要强调和突出动作的承受着Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.4、句子的主语是物Many houses were washed away by the flood.四、主动结构表示被动意义的情况1、open, look, write , read , sell, clean, cut, burn , drive等词作不及物动词时，他们的主 语为物，可用主动语态表小被动语态This kind of pen writes very smooth

4、ly.2、look, sound, taste, smell 等系动词用主 动结构表示被动意义The flower smells sweet.3、be worth doing用主动形式表示被动思义The movie is worth watching.4、 want/need/require/+doing相当于want/need/require +to be done, to be done 为不定式的被动结构Your bedroom needs cleaning right now.=your bedroom needs to be cleaned right now.五、短语表示被动：be

5、 taken care of、be caught up with六、带双宾的谓语动词表被动如：she give me a book.变为 i was given a book.或者 a book was given to me.一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1 .阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。Once there was a small hotel whose keeper was always caring about money.One day, a businessman arrived. The keeper looked at the man's t

6、hick wallet and thought, "Oh, I wish that all the money could be mine!" The businessman didn't notice that, so he ordered the most expensive room and went to his room to dress for dinner.Around the hotel, there were some beautiful ginger（ 姜）plants. Many people said that eating the buds

7、（芽）of ginger would make a person forgetful.The keeper thought, "If I serve some buds of ginger to the businessman, he may be forgetful to take his wallet!" Then she went to the kitchen.Soon, businessman came downstairs and asked for dinner. The keeper was very excited as she served the dis

8、h to him. "Delicious!" said the rich man. When dinner was finished, he went to bed happily.In the next morning, the keeper saw the businessman leaving from the front door. As soon as he was out of sight, she ran up to his room. She looked all over the room for the wallet, but she couldn

9、9;t find it. Suddenly, she noticed a piece of paper on the floor. It was the businessman's bill(账单).He had forgotten to pay it! She ran down the stairs, out of the front door, and acrossthe road until she was out of breath, but the businessman was already far, far away. "I'm so silly! &

10、quot; " cried the keeper.(1) The keeper came up with an idea to own the businessman's money when.A. she dressed herselfB. she cooked the meal in the kitchenC. the businessman went upstairs happilyD. she thought of the buds of ginger around her hotel(2) The keeper ran into the businessman

11、9;s room as soon as he left because.A. she wanted to find the man's billB. she wanted to find the key to the man's roomC. she wanted to check if the man had left his money thereD. she wanted to see if the man had broken anything in the room(3) Which if the following is NOT true according to

12、this passage?A. The keeper realized the buds of ginger didn't work in the end.B. The keeper ran after the businessman because of the bill.C. The businessman didn't know the rumor ( 谣言)about the buds of ginger.D. The businessman didn't pay the keeper's bill because he lost his money.【

13、答案】(1) DC(3) D【解析】【分析】文章大意：一个贪财的旅店老板整天惦记着钱，一天一个商人来住店了，他认为商人有很多钱，于是就动了心思，他记着有些人说吃了姜芽可以让人失去记忆，于是他就给商人吃了姜芽，第二天当商人出门之后，他去了房间找钱，但是啥也没有，只发现了一个账单，那是住店的账单，这是他想起来了，商人还没有结账就走了。(1)细节理解题，根据 Around the hotel, there were some beautiful ginger( 姜)plants. Many people said that eating the buds( 芽)of ginger would mak

14、e a person forgetful. 可知，当他想起了 旅店周围的姜的时候，想起了一个把商人的钱占为己有的方法，故答案是Do(2) 细节理解题，根据 As soon as he was out of sight, she ran up to his room. She looked all over the room for the wallet, but she couldn't find it. 可知，他去房间是为了找商人的钱， 故答 案是Co(3)正误判断题，根据 He had forgotten to pay it!可知没因为商人丧失了记忆力，忘记了结账，故答案是Do【点

15、评】考查阅读理解，本文主要涉及到了细节理解题和正误判断题。细节理解题相对简单，一般可以直接从文中找到答案或者解题依据。正误判断题是细节理解的一种题型，也是根据文章内容进行判断的。2 .阅读理解I have a neighbour we call"Happy" . I have never seen her angry at anything and never heard her say a bad word to anyone or about anyone .Happy and her husband Ben , 70, have a huge garden. They

16、 spent many happy hours together working on it. Most of the neighbours watched interestingly as Ben doubled the size of their garden. As the cost of food climbed faster than Ben's beans , we all wished we also had such a large garden. As the rest of us spent our dollars at the market , Happy cou

17、ld be seen picking beans in her back yard .Last month , Happy and Ben invited most of the neighbours over for an "all-day food fest (聚 会)". We were told to bring gloves and arrive very early in the morning . We didn't know what was about to take place .By 9： 00a. m., there were nine of

18、 us in the garden picking tomatoes , beans, cabbages, carrots and pumpkins . By 10: 00a. m., there was lots of laughter . We shared a lot of stories . By 5: 00P. m., everyone was a little drunk from the wine and beer. After dinner, we played games. As we were leaving, Happy and Ben handed each of us

19、 a shopping bag filled with vegetables picked that day . What a delightful gift!Well, the point wasn't so much about the food . The true gift was a day of friends getting together . This party would not have happened if it had not been for Happy and Ben's garden . Now they have a blog about

20、gardening . We can read their blog for advice on planting our garden . Thanks to them , I am so proud of my new tomato plants!(1) We can infer that Happy and her husband Ben .A. don't like spending time with others . B. sometimes quarrel with each other .C. live on the food they grow in their ga

21、rden . D. are happy to share what they have with others .(2) According to paragraph 2 , people wish they also had a garden so that .A. they didn't have to spend so much money on food . B. they could grow vegetables and sell at the market .C. they could invite their neighbours and hold parties in

22、 it . D. they could spend happy times together with their family in it .(3) Happy and Ben invited the neighbours to their garden .A. to attend a birthday party .B. to help them get to know each other.C. to enjoy what they grew in the garden . f D. to share some interesting stories .(4) Which of the

23、following is the right order according to the passage ?a. We drank wine and beer, shared stories and laughter .b. We picked tomatoes , beans, cabbages, carrots and pumpkins .c. We received Happy and Ben's invitation .d. Happy and Ben gave each of us a shopping bag filled with vegetables .e. We w

24、ent to their house with gloves very early in the morning .A. e- b - c- a - d B.c- b- e -a-dC. c-e- b - a- d D.e- b -c-d - a What did the writer most probably think of the time he spent in the garden ?A. It was too long .hB. It was wonderful .C. It was not as good as he thought .D. It was too terribl

25、e.【答案】(1) DA(3) B(4) CB【解析】【分析】短文大意：文章主要讲述的是两个老人在种菜，之后邀请周围的邻居到家 里做客，他们采摘并分享新鲜的蔬菜，分享生活中快乐的瞬间。(1) 细节理解题。As we were leaving , Happy and Ben handed each of us a shopping bag filledwith vegetables picked that day .两个人发起了一场聚会，客人走的时候，每人发给一袋子蔬 菜，由此可知两个人乐于分享，选择Do(2)细节理解题。 As the cost of food climbed faster t

26、han Ben's beans , we all wished we also had such a large garden因为价格蔬菜猛涨，他们希望有一个自己的花园种菜。有了花园之后他 们自己种菜就不用话那么多钱在食物上了。选择Ao(3) 细节理解题。the point wasn't so much about the food . The true gift was a day of friendsgetting together最重要的不是赠予实物，而是聚在一起，相互分享开心的事。选择 B。(4)细节理解题。首先应该是人们得到邀请，之后戴着手套去他们家采摘蔬菜，吃饭，分

27、享，并且获得新鲜的蔬菜，选择Co(5) 推理判断题。 the point wasn't so much about the food . The true gift was a day of friends getting together最重要的不是赠予实物，而是聚在一起，相互分享开心的事，所以这件事情是极好的，有意义的。选择Bo【点评】此题考查阅读理解。阅读题首先要快速浏览一遍文章，特别是对首尾段的浏览，因 为主旨通常暗藏在首尾段；再带着问题有目的性地阅读，边读边找答案，通常问题的答案都暗含在原文中。3.阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。CIn th

28、e old times, there was a king. He had a very beautiful garden. In the garden, there was a tree with golden apples on it. But one day, one of the apples was missing. The king decided to order a person to keep watching the tree at night.The king had three sons. He decided to send the eldest one to wat

29、ch the tree. But in the middle of the night, the eldest son fell asleep. The next morning, another apple was missing.The second night, the king sent the second eldest son. But the second eldest son also fell asleep at midnight. And another apple was missing the next morning.The third night, the king

30、 sent his youngest son. The youngest son kept watching the tree. At twelve o'clock, he saw a bird. It was a golden bird. It picked an apple and flew away, but it left a golden feather. The youngest son picked it up, and the next morning, he took it to the king. He told his father what he had see

31、n at night.Hearing this, the king was very happy. He ordered his youngest son to guard the tree every night. He wanted him to catch the bird. However, in the end, they couldn't catch the bird and all the golden apples on the tree were taken away by the golden bird.(1) Before the third night, how

32、 many apples have been missing?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. Four(2) What can we know from Paragraph 4?A. It was a bird that stole the apples.B. The youngest son fell asleep at twelve o'clock.C. The youngest son tried to catch the golden bird but failed.D. The king asked the youngest son to bring the g

33、olden feather to him.(3) What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?A. The king was very angry with the bird.B. The youngest son was very busy every night.C. The king wanted his youngest son to catch the bird.D. The youngest son didn't catch the bird and lost all of the apples.(4) What's

34、 the main idea of the passage?A. Don't be lazy when you are working.B. Where there is a will, there is a way.C. Don't give up the whole forest because of one tree.D. A bad beginning may cause a bad ending.【答案】(1) CA(3) D(4) C【解析】【分析】短文大意：国王发现自己的金苹果树丢了个金苹果，于是派出了自己的三个儿子去看守，前两晚因为两个儿子半夜睡着了，两个苹果丢

35、了，第三晚，最小的儿子发现了是一只金鸟偷了一个苹果，但是也留下了一根金色的羽毛，国王获知后，他想抓住这只鸟， 但结果是所有的苹果都被鸟儿带走了。(1)细节理解题。第三晚前总共丢失了三个苹果，故选 Q(2)细节理解题。从 It was a golden bird. It picked an apple and flew away 可知苹果是金色的 鸟儿偷走的，故选 Ao(3)细节理解题。 从 in the end, they couldn't catch the bird and all the golden apples on the tree were taken away by t

36、he golden bird. 可知选 D。(4)主旨概括题。国王因为想要金色鸟儿而丢失了树上的所有苹果，得不尝试。故C不要因为一棵树而放弃整个森林【点评】考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。4.阅读理解Jenny wanted to encourage students to read more famous books, so she decided to put an introduction to some interesting children's story books in the school newspaper.The

37、 Little Prince (小王子 )is a famous work written by French writer Antoine de Saint-Exup e ry. In the book, the little prince leaves his own planet to explore the universe(宇宙).In his journey, he finds that the adult world is really strange and boring. Finally, he goes back to his planet which is full of

38、 love. The book is really popular throughout the world.Charlotte's Web (夏洛特的网)is a famous children's novel written by American author E. B. White. The novel tells the story of a pig named Wilbur and his friendship with a spider named Charlotte on a farm. When Wilbur is in danger of being kil

39、led for his meat by the farmer, Charlotte writes messages to praise Wilbur in her web and saves him. Wilbur becomes famous in the village and he is safe in the end. When it came out in 1952, the book was welcomed by both adults and children. And it is still very popular today.The Miraculous Journey

40、of Edward Tulane (爱德华的奇妙之旅)is a 2006 novel written byKate DiCamillo. The book is about an unusual journey of a china rabbit named Edward Tulane. He travels from one place to another, meeting many people. During his journey, he learns to love and finally finds love again. This book is popular nowaday

41、s and was mentioned many times in the famous South Korean TV series My love from the Star (来自星星的你 ).The warm and sweet story will surely make you understand more about love.(1) Jenny introduced some interesting children's story books to .A. encourage students to read moreB. encourage students to

42、 write moreC. show off the books she has readD. make money by selling books(2) The underlined word "praise" properly means " " in Chinese.A.欺骗削评谖扬限击(3) Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?A. The three books mentioned in the passage are popular today.B. The writers of

43、 the three books are all Americans.C. When Charlotte's Web came out, it was only popular with adults.D. My Love from the Star is a famous Chinese TV series.【答案】(1) AC(3) A【解析】【分析】文章大意：珍妮为鼓励学生阅读更多书籍，决定在校报上介绍一些世界名 著，其中包括小王子、夏洛特的网和爱德华的奇妙之旅。老师在简介中分别介绍了三本小说的作者、故事大意和它们的流行(受欢迎)程度。(1)细节理解题。根据文中的 "J

44、enny wanted to encourage students to read more famous books, so she decided to put an introduction to some interesting children's story books in the school newspaper"可知，珍妮想鼓励学生阅读名著，于是决定在校报上刊登一些名著的简介。Ao由此可知珍妮向学生介绍儿童读物的目的是鼓励学生多读书。故选(2)词义猜测题。根据文中的 "When Wilbur is in danger of being killed

45、 for his meat by the farmer, Charlotte writes messages to praise Wilbur in her web and saves him" 可知， 当威尔伯面 临被杀的危险时，夏洛特在自己的网上写信称赞威尔伯，并拯救了他，故知praise的意思是"赞扬"。故选Co(3)细节判断题。根据整篇文章内容及其第二段句子The book is really popular throughoutthe world.这本书在世界各地很受欢迎.和第三段句子 it is still very popular today.今天仍

46、然是非常受欢迎的。和第四段句子 This book is popular nowadays.这本书现在很流行。可知这 篇文章中提到的三本书今天仍很受欢迎，故选A。【点评】考查任务型阅读，关键在看懂文章，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量用文章的语言填写答案。在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义词，句型转换的方式找到可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。5.阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项。What will the world of the future be like? There are plenty of people who are happy to

47、 give their opinion of what we will be doing in 2050. Here are two predictions about the world of tomorrow.When we dream about the future, many like to think of owning a personal flying car. The advantages are obvious. This technology would allow total freedom of movement. We could fly at 480 km per

48、 hour, avoiding traffic lights and busy roads. However, some people believe there will be problems with traffic control. If the cars become popular, there is likely to be air traffic jam. Another big problem is mechanical failure. What will happen if the cars stop working? These are problems we must

49、 expect if flying cars become a reality.Three-dimensional printing is another new technology with exciting possibilities. 3D printersare used to build an object with liquid plastic.They build the object layer by layer until it is complete. Car companies already use 3D printers to make life-size mode

50、ls of car parts, and medical companies use the technology to make man-made body parts. As we move into the future, 3D printing will revolutionize the way we shop, the way we manufacture and the way we treat sick people. The disadvantage is that such equipment will be extremely expensive.So in the fu

51、ture, we might be able to fly to work or print out new shoes. Although there are some problems to solve before this will be possible, we can certainly dream of a world where technology makes life easier and safer for millions of people.(1) What is the passage mainly about?A. Environmental protection

52、.hB. The world of tomorrow. i- C. Advantages of technology.(2) What do we learn from the passage?A. Some people think technology development may bring new problemsB. 3D printing can bring great changes to our life and its equipment is cheap.C. The flying cars won't bring air traffic jam even whe

53、n they become popular.(3) What is the correct structure of the passage? (P1=Paragraph1)r®A.B.(4) What does the underlined word "they" refer to?A. Car companies.B. 3D print.C C. Body parts. We can infer that the writerabout the future life with technology.A. doesn't careB. feels hopefulC. feels disappointed【答案】（1） B(2)(3)(5)【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍很多人对2050年对未来世界的两个预测。私人飞车和3D打印机。(1)细节理解题。根据 What will the world of the future be like? There are plenty of people who are happy to give their opinion of what