小升初 名词学生版 第一讲

1、 -学 习 改 变 命 运-小升初考点梳理名词 G 内容导航： 一、名词的概念； 二、名次分类； 三、名词变复数； 四、名词所有格。考点透视( ) 1. She was very happy. She _ in the maths test. A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes  C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake( ) 2. We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please? A. potato B. potatos C. p

2、otatoes D. potatoe ( ) 3. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( ) 4. He gave us_ on how to keep fit. A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice ( ) 5. -Would you like_tea? -No, thanks. I have drunk two_. A. any, bottles of orange B. so

3、me, bottles of orange  C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges ( ) 6. Some _ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies ( ) 7. There are sixty-seven_ in our school. A. women's teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women

4、teacher( ) 8.There are five_in our factory. A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers ( ) 9. The football under the bed is_. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily's and Lucy's C. Lily's and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy's ( ) 10. This is my_dictionary. A. sister Mary B. sister'

5、;s C. sister, Mary's D. sister's Mary's ( ) 11. The post office is a bit far from here. It's about_. A. thirty minutes's walk B. thirty minute's walk  C. thirty minutes' walk D. thirty minutes walk ( ) 12. _ face to the south. A. Windows of the room B. The windows of

6、 the room  C. The room's windows D. The windows in room Thrifty Lawyer    A dog ran into a butcher shop and grabbed a roast off the counter.     Fortunately, the butcher recognized the dog as belonging to a neighbor of his. The neighbor happened to be a la

7、wyer.     Incensed at the theft, the butcher called up his neighbor and said, "Hey, if your dog stole a roast from my butcher shop, would you be liable for the cost of the meat?"     The lawyer replied, "Of course, how much was the roast?" "$7.9

8、8." said the butcher.     A few days later the butcher received a check in the mail for $7.98.     Attached to it was an invoice. It read: Legal Consultation Service $150 He is really somebody- My uncle has 1000 men under him.- He is really somebody. What does he d

9、o?- A maintenance man in a cemetery.综合解读教案内容学习笔记Step1考点知识梳理名词：名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西，也可以是表示抽象的东西。具体情况见下表：类 别意 义例 词专有名词表示人，地方，事物，机构，组织等名称的词Lucy,China,the Great Wall,the Great Hall of the People普通名词可数名词个名词体表示个体的人或事物Dictionary，pencil，apple，window集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的词family，poncil，class，group，team不可数名词物质名

10、词表示构成各种事物的物质或材料的词rice，glass，water，porridge，paper，air抽象名词表示状态，品质，行为，感情等抽象概念的词knowledge，chance，health，life，homework，love 1.名词复数的规则变化情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s1.清辅音后读/s/2.浊辅音和元音后读/z/map-mapsbag-bagscar-cars以s，sh，ch，x等结尾的词加-es读/iz/bus-buseswatch-watches以ce，se，ze（d）ge等结尾的词加-s读/iz/license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加

11、es读/z/baby-babies2 其它名词复数的规则变化1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数： 如：two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeysholiday-holidays比较： 层楼：storey -storeys story-stories 2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：a. 加s，如： photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radioszoo-zoos； b. 加es，如：potato-potatoestomato-tomatoesc. 均可，如：zero-zeros / zeroes

12、 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加s，如： belief-beliefsroof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs；b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswolf-wolves wife-wiveslife-livesthief-thieves；c. 均可,如：handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves3 名词复数的不规则变化表示国民总称时，作复数用。如： The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的

13、。 4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Natins was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常

14、有趣的故事书。5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜)trousers,clothes 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼4 不可数名词量的表示1）物质名词a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。 比较：Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数) These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)b. 当物

15、质名词表示该物质的种类时，名词可数。 This factory produces steel.(不可数) We need various steels.(可数)c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。 Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。 Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。2） 抽象名词有时也可数。four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。如：a glass of water 一杯水a piece of advice一条建议5 定语名词的复数名词

16、作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1) 用复数作定语。 如：sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系 2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 如：men workerswomen teachersgentlemen officials3) 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。 如：goods train (货车)arms produce武器生产customs papers 海关

17、文件 clothes brush衣刷4) 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。 如：two-dozen eggs两打/（二十四个鸡蛋) a ten-mile walk 十里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划个别的有用复数作定语的，如： a seven-years child6 不同国家的人的单复数名称总称一个人两个人中国人the Chinesea Chinesetwo Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Swisstwo Swiss澳大利亚人the Australiansan Australiantwo Austra

18、lians俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italiansan Italiantwo Italians希腊人the Greeka Greektwo Greeks法国人the Frencha FrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese美国人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人the Indiansan Indiantwo Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadiantwo Canadians德国人th

19、e Germansa Germanstwo Germans英国人the Englishan EnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes7 名词的格在英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下：1） 单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加"'s"，如the boy's bag 男孩的书包，men's room 男厕

20、所。2）若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加"'"，如：the workers' struggle工人的斗争。3） 凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。4）在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber's 理发店。5） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有"；只有一个's，则表示'共有'。 如

21、：John's and Mary's room（两间）John and Mary's room（一间）6） 复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。如：a month or two's absenceStep2重点难点解析名词类1. 这些女老师们在干什么？误 What are the woman teachers doing？正 What are the women teachers doing？析 在英语中，当一名词作定语修饰另一名词（单或复数形式）时，作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式；但当man，woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时，要用其复数形

22、式men，women.2. 房间里有多少人？误 How many peoples are there in the room？正 How many people are there in the room？析 people作“人、人们”解时，是个集合名词，其单复数同形。3. 我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。误 I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.正 I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.析 表示不可数名词的数量时，常用“a / an或数词 +表量的可数名词 + of + 不可数名词”这一结构， 其中

23、当数词大于1时，表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。Step3随堂能力巩固一、单项选择 1. Ten years had passed. I found she had _. A. a few white hairs                      B. a little white hairC. some white hair    

24、;                    D. more fifty hair2.Hi, this way, please.OK.I sometimes have no sense of _ when I arrive at the crossroad.A. position           &

25、#160;                        B. directionC. situation                      

26、             D. condition3. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _.  A. intention             &#

27、160;                     B. attemptC. purpose                          

28、;          D. desire 4. I didnt have to work all weekend I did it by _. A. chance                             

29、        B. choiceC. accident                                   D. myself5. “Did you get _ to th

30、e party?” “Yes, I replied to it this morning.” A. an answer                                B. an invitationC. a question    &

31、#160;                           D. a letter6. I paid him 50 for the painting, but its true _ must be at least 500. A. price        

32、;                               B. moneyC. value                 

33、                      D. importance7. His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any _ of it.A. explanation             

34、                 B. meaningC. sense                               

35、;       D. guess8. Youve just missed your _, and you will have to wait for the next round.A. chance                            

36、60;       B. turnC. time                                        D. part9. L

37、i Lin is very bright and studies hard as well.Its no _ he always gets the first place in any examination.A. question                              

38、0;  B. doubtC. problem                                  D. wonder10. How can I use this washing machine?Well, just refer to the _.

39、A. explanations                             B. expressionsC. introductions              &#

40、160;             D. directions11. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the _.A. rooms number                  

41、60;       B. room numberC. rooms numbers                       D. room numbers12. Hello, Id like to speak to Henry. Oh, which _? There are two _ in our office.A

42、. Henrys, Henrys                     B. Henries, HenriesC. Henry, Henrys                       D. He

43、nrys, Henries13. Electricity, like other forms of _, has greatly increased in price in recent years. A. pressure                               &#

44、160;   B. forceC. strength                                   D. energy 14. In order to learn the _ of the family busines

45、s, Bill took a job as messenger boy in one of the offices.A. ins and outs                              B. dos and dontsC. heads and tails   

46、                        D. ts and is15. Ive got an “A” in the examination.  Thats a good _. You will surely win a second.A. result        &#

47、160;                               B. newsC. start                

48、0;                         D. Idea 累了吧，来乐乐，看看搞笑英文短信 (*_*) Lawyers Brains    A lawyer finds out he has a brain tumor and it's inoperable - in fact, it's

49、so large, they have to do a brain transplant.     His doctor gives him a choice of available brains - there's a jar of rocket scientist brains for $10 an ounce, a jar of regular scientist brains for $15 an ounce, and a jar of lawyer brains for the princely sum of $800 an ounce. &#

50、160;   The outraged lawyer says, "This is a rip-off how come the lawyer brains are so expensive?"     The doctor replies, "Do you know how many lawyers it takes to get an ounce of brains?" Step4综合能力创新一、单项选择1. What can I do for you?Id like two _.A.box of a

51、pple  B. boxes of applesC. box of apples  D. boxes of apple2.Help yourself to _.A.some chickens  B. a chicken  C. some chicken  D. any chicken3._ it is today!A. What fine weather B. What a fine weatherC. How a fine weather D. How fine a weather4.Which is the way to the _?A.

52、shoe factory   B. shoes factoryC. shoes factory   D. shoesfactory5.This class _ now. Miss Gao teaches them.A. are studying  B. is studying  C. be studying  D.studying6.We will have a _ holiday after the exam.A. two month  B. two-month  C. two months 

53、 D. two-months7._ trees are cut down in the forests every year.A. Thousand  B. Thousands  C. Thousand of  D. Thousands of8.Our sports meeting will be held _.A. on 24，Tuesday，April   B. in April 24，TuesdayC. on Tuesday， April 24   D. in April Tuesday 24三、完形填空Erik

54、60;was a fourteen-year-old boy .He thought he was a young man but his parents didnt think so .They told him “When you begin to think about   1    

55、;others ,youll be a young man.” One morning ,his parents gave Erik   2    money to buy hamburgers at a store .He saw an old man there .The man looked&

56、#160; very  3   .Erik went up to him and found that the old man had lost his money and hadnt had    4    for his breakfast .Erik took&#

57、160;theold man to the nearest restaurant .But the man ordered only a glass of water for    5   .Erik felt sorry for him ,so he asked the waiter to

58、0;   6    the man some bread and a cup of coffee .The old man was so   7   that he ate up all the food very soon .After that&

59、#160;,the man told Erik that he world never forget   8  kind-ness .Erik was very pleased when he heard the old man say , “You are a very good young

60、60;man.” 9    their surprise ,the food was a present because    10    day was the birthday of the boss . 81. A. help B. helping C. to help D.

61、0;helped 82. A. few B. few C. some D. many 83. A. sick B. tired C. happy D. fine 84. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 85. A. themselves B. herself C. myself D. himself 86. A.

62、0;take B. bring C. taking D. bringing 87. A. full B. worried C. hungry D. sad 88. A. your B. my C. her D. his 89. A. For B. To C. At D. On 90. A. that B. this C. those D. these 四、阅读理解AOn the evening of June 21.1992. a tall man with brown hair and blue eyes entered the beautiful hall of the Capital hotel