H3C路由知识学习记录材料-静态路由

1、.H3C 路由(MSR26-30 )1、进入系统视图Startup con figuratio n file does not exist.Perform ing automatic con figurati on Press CTRL_D to break.按Ctrl + D键终止设备查找自动配置Automatic con figurati on atte mpt: 1.Not ready for automatic con figurati on: no in terface available. Waiti ng for the n ext.按Ctrl + D键后放弃自动配置的尝试Aut

2、omatic con figurati on is aborted.Line aux0 is available.P ress ENTER to get started.至U这里系统启动完毕，按回车键<H3C>%Aug 22 09:19:53:318 2014 H3C SHELL/5/SHELL_LOGIN: TTY logged in from aux0.再按一次回车键<H3C><H3C> system-viewH3C2、修改路由器名称<H3C>sysH3Csys name 名称如将默认的路由器名称改为RoNetwork_Dept, Ro表示设

3、备类型为路由器，Network_Dept表示部门名称，以后看到这个名称就知道这是什么设备、在什么位置。建议以后都采用这种方式来给设备命名，以方便管理。H3Csys name RoNetwork_De ptRoNetwork_De pt如果要恢复默认名称，使用undo sysname命令：RoNetwork_De pt undo sys nameH3C3、显示路由表(1) IPv4显示路由表概要信息：RoNetwork_De ptdis play ip rout in g-table显示路由表详细信息：RoNetwork_De ptdis play ip rout in g-table verb

4、ose显示某种路由协议的信息：RoNetwork_De ptdis play ip routi ng-table p rotocol bg p|direct|guard|isis|os pf|np| static还有其他信息，可使用？显示帮助以便选择：RoNetwork_De ptdis play ip rout in g-table ?(2)IPv6只需将IPv4的命令中ip替换成ipv6即可。4、配置接口<H3C>sys<H3C> system-viewH3Cint接口名称如配置G0/0接口：进入接口配置视图RoNetwork_De pti nt gO/0RoNet

5、work_De pt-GigabitEthernetO/0配置IP地址：RoNetwork_De pt-GigabitEthernet0/0i p add 12.0.0.1 ?-后面跟掩码长度也行，跟掩码也行INTEGER<1-31> IP mask lengthX.X.X.XIP maskRoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0ip add 12.0.0.1 24 -24表示掩码长度为 24 位，和 255.255.255.0 等效RoNetwork_De pt-GigabitEthernet0/0u ndo shutdown激活接口RoNetwork_

6、De pt-GigabitEthernet0/0dis in t g0/0 查看接口信息5、信息回显及 tracert为了防止命令被系统输出的消息打断，可以配置信息回显：RoNetwork_De pti nfo-ce nter synchronous为防止tracert超时，链路两端的设备都要开启以下功能：RoNetwork_Dept ip redirects enable开启设备的ICMP重定向报文的发送功能RoNetwork_Dept ip ttl-expires enable开启设备的ICMP超时报文的发送功能RoNetwork_Dept ip unreachable enable开启设

7、备的ICMP目的不可达报文的发送功能6、配置静态路由拓扑图：要求=配置静态賂由使得两台路由器都能png通对方的LoopBack 0接口(g)1GE_0/0RciNBtwork_J'e'ptlo0：1l92.168JJ/3212.0,0.0/24.2GE_0/'0RoNfflCenier100:102-163.2.2/32RoNetwork_Dept 端：<H3C>sysSystem View: retur n to User View with Ctrl+Z.H3Csys RoNetwork_De ptRoNetwork_De pti nfo syncInf

8、o-cen ter synchronous out put is on.RoNetwork_De pti nt Io0RoNetwork_De pt-Loo pBack0ip add 192.168.1.1 24RoNetwork_De pt-Loo pBack0i nt g0/0RoNetwork_De pt-GigabitEthernet0/0i p add 12.0.0.1 24RoNetwork_De pt-GigabitEthernet0/0u ndo shRoNetwork_De pt-GigabitEthernet0/0i p route 192.168.2.2 255.255.

9、255.255 12.0.0.2 RoNetwork_De pt%Aug 22 11:45:32:415 2014 RoNetwork_De pt IFNET/3/PHY_UP DOWN: P hysical state on the in terface GigabitEther net0/0 cha nged to up.%Aug 2211:45:32:4162014 RoNetwork_De pt IFNET/5/LINK_ UP DOWN: Li ne p rotocol state on the in terfaceGigabitEthernet0/0 changed to up.

10、系统发出的消息，g0/0 接口已经 up 了RoNetwork_De ptdis ip roDesti natio ns : 17Routes :17Dest in atio n/MaskP rotoPre CostNextH opIn terface0.0.0.0/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop012.0.0.0/24Direct0012.0.0.1GE0/012.0.0.0/32Direct0012.0.0.1GE0/012.0.0.1/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop012.0.0.255/32Direct0012.0.0.1GE0/0127.0.0

11、.0/8Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0127.0.0.0/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0127.0.0.1/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0127.255.255.255/32 Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0192.168.1.0/24Direct00192.168.1.1Loop0192.168.1.0/32Direct00192.168.1.1Loop0192.168.1.1/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0192.168.1.255/32Direct00192.168.1.1Loop0192

12、.168.2.2/32Static60012.0.0.2GE0/0224.0.0.0/4Direct000.0.0.0NULL0224.0.0.0/24Direct000.0.0.0NULL0255.255.255.255/32 Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0使用ping命令测试路由是否配置正确RoNetwork_De ptping 192.168.2.2Ping 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2): 56 data bytes, p ress CTRL_C to break56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=2

13、55 time=1.457 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=1.113 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.168 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.189 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=1.049 ms -Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2 -5 p ackets tr

14、an smitted, 5 p ackets received, 0.0% p acket lossroun d-tri p mi n/avg/max/std-dev = 1.049/1.195/1.457/0.140 msRoNetwork_Dept%Aug 22 11:49:29:3042014 RoNetwork_Dept PING/6/PING_STATISTICSP ing statistics for 192.168.2.2: 5packets tran smitted, 5 p ackets received, 0.0% packet loss, rou nd-tri p min

15、/avg/max/std-dev = 1.049/1.195/1.457/0.140 ms.RoNetwork_De ptRoNetCenter 端：<H3C>sysSystem View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z.H3Csys RoNetCe nterRoNetCe nteri nfo syncInfo-cen ter synchronous out put is on.RoNetCe nteri nt loORoNetCe nter-Loo pBack0ip add 192.168.2.2 32RoNetCe nter-Loo pBack

16、0i nt g0/0RoNetCe nter-GigabitEthernet0/0ip add 12.0.0.2 24RoNetCe nter-GigabitEthernet0/0u ndo shRoNetCe nter-GigabitEthernet0/0quitroRoNetCe nterip ro 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255 12.0.0.1 RoNetCe nterdis ipDesti natio ns : 14Routes : 14Dest in atio n/Mask0.0.0.0/32P rotoDirectPre CostNextH op127.0

17、.0.1In terfaclnLoop00012.0.0.0/24Direct0012.0.0.2GE0/012.0.0.0/32Direct0012.0.0.2GE0/012.0.0.2/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop012.0.0.255/32Direct0012.0.0.2GE0/0127.0.0.0/8Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0127.0.0.0/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0127.0.0.1/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0127.255.255.255/32 Direct00127.0.0.1ln

18、Loop0192.168.1.1/32Static60012.0.0.1GE0/0192.168.2.2/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0224.0.0.0/4Direct000.0.0.0NULL0224.0.0.0/24Direct000.0.0.0NULL0255.255.255.255/32 Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0RoNetCe nter配置等价静态路由2RoNetCe nter100:192.168.2.2/32要求=配置静态路曲使得两台路由器都能ping通对方的LoopBack 0接口GE_0/1GE_0/1RafJetwork_Dep

19、t 21 .OlO.0/24100:192,168.11/32RoNetwork_Dept 端：RoNetwork_De pti nt gO/1RoNetwork_De pt-GigabitEthernet0/1ip add 21.0.0.1 24RoNetwork_De pt-GigabitEthernet0/1u ndo shRoNetwork_De pt-GigabitEthernet0/1quitRoNetwork_De ptip ro 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.255 21.0.0.2RoNetwork_De ptdis ip roDest in atio ns

20、 : 21Routes : 22Dest in atio n/MaskP rotoPre CostNextH opIn terface0.0.0.0/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop012.0.0.0/24Direct0012.0.0.1GE0/012.0.0.0/32Direct0012.0.0.1GE0/012.0.0.1/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop012.0.0.255/32Direct0012.0.0.1GE0/021.0.0.0/24Direct0021.0.0.1GE0/121.0.0.0/32Direct0021.0.0.1GE0/121

21、.0.0.1/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop021.0.0.255/32Direct0021.0.0.1GE0/1127.0.0.0/8Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0127.0.0.0/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0127.0.0.1/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0127.255.255.255/32 Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0192.168.1.0/24Direct00192.168.1.1Loo p0192.168.1.0/32Direct00192.168.1.1Loo p0192.1

22、68.1.1/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0192.168.1.255/32Direct00192.168.1.1Loop0192.168.2.2/32Static60012.0.0.2GE0/021.0.0.2GE0/1224.0.0.0/4Direct000.0.0.0NULL0224.0.0.0/24Direct000.0.0.0NULL0255.255.255.255/32 Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0RoNetCenter 端：RoNetCe nteri nt gO/1RoNetCe nter-GigabitEthernetO/1ip add

23、 21.0.0.2 24RoNetCe nter-GigabitEthernet0/1u ndo shRoNetCe nter-GigabitEthernet0/1quitroRoNetCe nterip ro 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255 21.0.0.1 RoNetCe nterdis ipDest in atio ns : 18Routes : 19Dest in atio n/Mask0.0.0.0/32P rotoDirectPre CostNextH op127.0.0.1In terfaclnLoop00012.0.0.0/24Direct0012.0.

24、0.2GE0/012.0.0.0/32Direct0012.0.0.2GE0/012.0.0.2/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop012.0.0.255/32Direct0012.0.0.2GE0/021.0.0.0/24Direct0021.0.0.2GE0/121.0.0.0/32Direct0021.0.0.2GE0/121.0.0.2/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop021.0.0.255/32Direct0021.0.0.2GE0/1127.0.0.0/8Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0127.0.0.0/32Direct00127

25、.0.0.1lnLoop0127.0.0.1/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0127.255.255.255/32 Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0192.168.1.1/32Static60012.0.0.1GE0/021.0.0.1GE0/1192.168.2.2/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0224.0.0.0/4Direct000.0.0.0NULL0224.0.0.0/24Direct 00255.255.255.255/32 Direct 00测试：0.0.0.0127.0.0.1NULL0lnLoop0RoNetwork_

26、De ptping 192.168.2.2Ping 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2): 56 data bytes, p ress CTRL_C to break56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=0.935 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=1.156 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.732 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_s

27、eq=3 ttl=255 time=1.301 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.733 ms-Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2 -5 p ackets tran smitted, 5 p ackets received, 0.0% p acket lossrou nd-trip mi n/avg/max/std-dev = 0.732/0.971/1.301/0.227 msRoNetCenterping -r 192.168.1.1 “-r” 表示“ Record route”，记录路

28、由Ping 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1): 56 data bytes, p ress CTRL_C to break56 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=0.827 msRR:21.0.0.112.0.0.256 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.964 msRR:12.0.0.256 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.895 msRR:21.0.0.112.0.0.256 b

29、ytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.673 msRR:120.0.1112.0.0.256 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.905 msRR:21.0.0.112.0.0.2-Ping statistics for 192.168.1.1 -5 p ackets tran smitted, 5 p ackets received, 0.0% p acket lossrou nd-tri p min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.673/1.053/1.89

30、5/0.432 ms-数据包被轮流在两条链路上发送，但是奇怪的是，只从一条链路返回，这与从哪条链路出去就从哪条链路返回：参考：GNS3的Cisco路由器不一样，Cisco的是R1# pingProtocol i p:Target IP address: 192.168.2.2Rep eat coun t 5: |Datagram size 100:Timeout in sec onds 2:Exte nded comma nds n: y Source address or in terface:Type of service 0:Set DF bit in IP header? n o:Va

31、lidate reply data? no:Data p attern 0xABCD:Loose, Strict, Record, Timesta mp, Verbose non e: r 'Number of hops 9 : |Loose, Strict, Record, Timesta mp, VerboseRV: r% No room for that op ti on |Loose, Strict, Record, Timesta mp, VerboseRV: Record% No room for that op ti on |Loose, Strict, Record,

32、Timesta mp, VerboseRV:|Swee p range of sizes n:Type esca pe seque nee to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.2, timeout is 2 seco nds:Packet has IP op ti ons: Total op ti on bytes= 39, p added len gth=40Record route: <*>(0.0.0.0)(0.0.0.0)(0.0.0.0)(0.0.0.0)(0.0.0.0)(0.0.0.0)(0.0.0

33、.0)(0.0.0.0)(0.0.0.0)Request 0 timed outRequest 1 timed outReply to request 2 (32 ms). Received p acket has op ti onsTotal op ti on bytes= 40, p added len gth=40Record route:(12.0.0.1)出去(192.168.2.2) I(12.0.0.2)(12.0.0.1) <*> 回来(0.0.0.0) I(0.0.0.0)(0.0.0.0)(0.0.0.0)(0.0.0.0)End of listReply to

34、 request 3 (48 ms). Received p acket has op ti onsTotal op ti on bytes= 40, p added len gth=40 IRecord route:(21.0.0.1) I(192.168.2.2)(21.0.0.2)(21.0.0.1) <*>(O.O.O.O)(0.0.0.0)|(0.0.0.0)(0.0.0.0)(0.0.0.0) IEnd of listReply to request 4 (24 ms). Received p acket has op ti ons Total op ti on byt

35、es= 40, p added len gth=45nRecord route:(12.0.0.1)(192.168.左)(12.0.0.2)(12.0.0.1) <*>(0.0.0.0)(0.0.0.0)(0.0.0.0)(0.0.0.0)(0.0.0.0)End of listSuccess rate is 60 percen t (3/5), roun d-tri p min/avg/max = 24/34/48 msRoNetwork_De ptin t g0/0RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0sh关闭 G0/0 接口，看看还能不能ping

36、 通RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0%Aug 22 12:11:22:912 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physical state on the in terface GigabitEther net0/0 cha nged to dow n.%Aug 22 12:11:22:913 2014 RoNetwork_De pt IFNET/5/LINK_ UP DOWN: Li ne p rotocolstate on the in terfaceGigabitEther net0/0 cha nged t

37、o dow n.quitRoNetwork_De ptping 192.168.2.2Ping 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2): 56 data bytes, p ress CTRL_C to break56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=0.676 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.626 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.756 ms56 bytes fr

38、om 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.952 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.740 ms -Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2 -5 p ackets tran smitted, 5 p ackets received, 0.0% p acket lossrou nd-tri p min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.626/0.750/0.952/0.111 msRoNetwork_Dept%Aug 22 12:11:33:357

39、 2014 RoNetwork_Dept PING/6/PING_STATISTICSP ing statistics for 192.168.2.2: 5 packets tran smitted, 5 p ackets received, 0.0% packet loss, rou nd-tri p min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.626/0.750/0.952/0.111 ms.可见，当其中一条链路down 了之后，数据包可以通过另一条链路发往目的地。配置非等价静态路由：RoNetwork_De pti nt g0/0RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEther

40、net0/0undo sh - 重新激活 G0/0 接口RoNetwork_De pt-GigabitEthernet0/0quitRoNetwork_De ptun do ip ro 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.255 12.0.0.2 - 删除前面配置的路由RoNetwork_De ptu ndo ip ro 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.255 21.0.0.2- 删除前面配置的路由RoNetwork_De pti p ro 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.255 12.0.0.2 p refere nee 1 RoNetwork_D

41、e pti p ro 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.255 21.0.0.2 - RoNetwork_De ptdis ip ro哂己置非等价静态路由，指定优先级为1采用默认的优先级60，比上一条的优先级低Dest in atio ns : 21Routes : 21Dest in atio n/MaskP rotoPre CostNextH opIn terfaee0.0.0.0/32Direet00127.0.0.1lnLoop012.0.0.0/24Direet0012.0.0.1GE0/012.0.0.0/32Direet0012.0.0.1GE0/012.0.0.1

42、/32Direet00127.0.0.1lnLoop012.0.0.255/32Direet0012.0.0.1GE0/021.0.0.0/24Direet0021.0.0.1GE0/121.0.0.0/32Direet0021.0.0.1GE0/121.0.0.1/32Direet00127.0.0.1lnLoop021.0.0.255/32Direet0021.0.0.1GE0/1127.0.0.0/8Direet00127.0.0.1lnLoop0127.0.0.0/32Direet00127.0.0.1lnLoop0127.0.0.1/32Direet00127.0.0.1lnLoop

43、0127.255.255.255/32 Direet00127.0.0.1lnLoop0192.168.1.0/24Direet00192.168.1.1Loop0192.168.1.0/32Direet00192.168.1.1Loop0192.168.1.1/32Direet00127.0.0.1lnLoop0192.168.1.255/32Direet00192.168.1.1Loo p0192.168.2.2/32Statie1012.0.0.2GE0/0-只显示高优先级的路由，出口224.0.0.0/4Direet000.0.0.0NULL0224.0.0.0/24Direet000

44、.0.0.0NULL0255.255.255.255/32 Direet00127.0.0.1lnLoop0RoNetwork_De ptdis ip ro 192.168.2.2GO/0Summary Count : 1Dest in atio n/MaskProtoPre Cost192.168.2.2/32Static 10RoNetwork_De pti nt g0/0RoNetwork_De pt-GigabitEthernet0/0shNextHop12.0.0.2In terfaceGE0/0-再次关闭G0/0接口,看看路由表的变化RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEt

45、hernet0/0%Aug 22 12:24:56:174 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physieal state on the in terfaee GigabitEther net0/0 eha nged to dow n.%Aug 22 12:24:56:177 2014 RoNetwork_De ptIFNET/5/LINK_ UP DOWN: Li ne p rotoeol state on the in terfaeeGigabitEther net0/0 eha nged to dow n.RoNetwork_De pt-Gi

46、gabitEthernet0/0dis ip roDesti natio ns : 17Routes : 17Dest in atio n/MaskP rotoPre CostNextH opIn terface0.0.0.0/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop021.0.0.0/24Direct0021.0.0.1GE0/121.0.0.0/32Direct0021.0.0.1GE0/121.0.0.1/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop021.0.0.255/32Direct0021.0.0.1GE0/1127.0.0.0/8Direct00127.0.0.

47、1lnLoop0127.0.0.0/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0127.0.0.1/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0127.255.255.255/32 Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0192.168.1.0/24Direct00192.168.1.1Loo p0192.168.1.0/32Direct00192.168.1.1Loop0192.168.1.1/32Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0192.168.1.255/32Direct00192.168.1.1Loop0192.168.2.2/32Static60

48、021.0.0.2GE0/1一咼优先级的路由不可用后，自动使用低优先级的224.0.0.0/4Direct000.0.0.0NULL0224.0.0.0/24Direct000.0.0.0NULL0255.255.255.255/32 Direct00127.0.0.1lnLoop0RoNetwork_De pt-GigabitEthernetO/Odis ip ro 192.168.2.2Summary Count : 1In terfaceGE0/1NextHop21.0.0.2Dest in atio n/MaskProto Pre Cost192.168.2.2/32Static 60

49、 0小结：等价静态路由和非等价静态路由都能提供冗余，确保在一条链路出现故障后仍能保持网络的连通性，但是两者存在差 别，等价静态路由除了提供冗余外，还能提供负载均衡，数据包会被平均在两条链路上传输，而非等价静态路由中只 有高优先级（低代价）的路由是活动的，只有这条路由因为链路故障或接口关闭等原因导致不可用时，低优先级（高 代价）的路由才会被启用。等价静态路由适用于存在多条带宽相同的链路的情况，而非等价静态路由适用于存在多条 带宽不同的链路的情况一一尤其是存在主链路和备份链路的情况。7、配置默认路由 拓扑图：LoO：192J 68.2.2/32GE_0/02(g)RotstetC enter二 G

50、E_0/12,23.0.0-0/2412,0.0,0/24GE O'/iOGE 0/0RoNetworkDeptLoO： 192.168J. 1/32RoSoftirtfareDeptLo0：192.168.13/32RoNetwork_Dept 端：<H3C>sysSystem View: retur n to User View with Ctrl+Z.H3Csysn RoNetwork_De ptRoNetwork_De pti nt loORoNetwork_De pt-Loo pBack0ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255RoNetwork_De pt-Loo pBack0i nt g0/0RoNetwork_De pt-GigabitEthernet0/0i p add 12.0.0.1 255.255.255.0RoNetwork_De pt-GigabitEthernet0/0u ndo shRoNetwork_De pt-GigabitEthernet0/0quitRoNetwork_De pt ip ro 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 12.0.0.2RoNetwork_De ptdis ip roDesti natio ns : 14Routes : 14Dest in