英语语言学试题

1、英语语言学试题（1）I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to la

2、y down rules for correct linguistic behavior, it is said to be _. A、 prescriptive B、 sociolinguistic C、 descriptive D、 psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the _ is/are the most flexible. A、 mouth B、 lips C、 tongue D、 vocal cords 3、The morpheme vision in the common word television is a(n) _.

3、 A、 bound morpheme B、 bound form C、 inflectional morpheme D、 free morpheme 4、A _ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、 coordinator B、 particle C、 preposition D、 subordinator 5、Can I borrow your bike? _ You have a bike. A、 is synonymous with B、

4、 is inconsistent with C、 entails D、 presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called _. A、 semantics B、 pragmatics C、 sociolinguistics D、 psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes,

5、which are _ or generalization. A、 elaboration B、 simplification C、 external borrowing D、 internal borrowing 第二部分 非选择题 II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only,

6、 and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines competence as the ideal users k_ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b_ . 13、M_ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure

7、 of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s_ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c_ synonyms. 17、Words are created o

8、utright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c_ . 18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+ishes), Black English can d_ the form of be. III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or

9、F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%10=20%) ( )21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.

10、( )22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English. ( )23、The compound word bookstore is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components. ( )24、Syntactic categories refer to s

11、entences (S) and clauses (C) only. ( )25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English.( )28、In most bilingual communities, two l

12、anguages have the same in speech situations known as domains. ()30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language. IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%10=30%) 31、duality32、diachronic linguistics33、broad transcription34、m

13、orphological rules35、phrase structure rule36、relational opposites37、componential analysis38、contextV. Answer the following questions. (10%2=20%) 41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in English for illustration. 语言学试题参考答案一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、C 2、C 3、D 4、D 5

14、、D 6、B 7、B 二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）11、knowledge12、bilabial13、morphology14、sentence15、complete17、coinage18、delete三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）21、FActually modern linguistics lays more emphasis on the spoken form of language than the written form for a number of reasons.22、FVoicing distinguishes mean

15、ing in English but not in Chinese.23、FThe meaning of some compound words has nothing to do with the sum total of the meanings of their components, such as the compound redcoat.24、FApart from S and C, they also refer to a word, or a phrase that performs a particular grammatical function.25、FDialectal

16、 synonyms can often be found not only in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but also within the variety itself. For example, within British English, girl is called lassie in Scottish dialect, and liquor is called whishey in Irish dialect.28、FThey have a fairly c

17、lear fairly clear functional differentiation, i.e. one language may be used in some domains, other language in other domains.30、T四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）31、One of the major defining features of human language. Human language consists of two levels. At the lower level, there are a limited number

18、of sounds which are meaningless while at the higher level there are an unlimited number of combinations of these sounds. It is also known as double articulation.32、Linguistics that studies language over a period of time, also known as historical linguistics, e.g.the study of the Chinese language sin

19、ce the end of the Qing dynasty up to the present.33、A way to transcribe speech sounds. The basic principle is to use one letter to indicate one sound. It is generally used in dictionaries and language teaching textbooks.34、The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a

20、 new word, e.g.-ly can be added to a noun to form an adjective.35、a rewrite rule that allows for the possible combinations of words to form phrases and sentences36、Relational opposites, a kind of antonyms, refer to pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items. For

21、 example, husband and wife, father and son etc.37、Componential analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. The approach is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. For example, the word

22、 man is analyzed as comprising of +HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+MALE.38、Context is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speaker and the hearer, For example, the knowledge of the language used and the knowledge of the world, including the general knowledge about the

23、 world and the specific knowledge about the situation in which linguistic communication is taking place.五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）41、The inventory of sounds can change, and sound changes include changes in vowel sounds, sound loss, sound addition, and sound movement.1) Vowel sound change: English ha

24、s undergone the systematic and regular change in the vowel sounds, known as the Great Vowel shift which occurred at the end of the Middle English period and which involved seven long, or tense vowels. These changes led to one of the major discrepancies between the phonemic representations of words a

25、nd morphemes, i.e. between pronunciation and the spelling system of Modern English, e.g.five /fi:v/(Middle English) /faiv/(Modern English)2) Sound loss: Sounds can change by the loss of phonemes. In the history of English the velar fricative /x/ was lost. This sound existed in Old English, so night was pronounced as /nixt/, but in Modern English, it