第三讲比较等级和比较结构

1、第三讲比较等级和比较结构形容词和副词的比较等级1形容词比较级和最高级的规则形式一般来说,单音节形容词的比较级和最高级多在后面加er或est如Kind kinder kindestClear clearer clearest三音节或多于三音节的词,多在原级前加more或mostInstructive more instructive most instructiveBeautiful more beautiful most beautiful2副词比较级和最高级的规则形式单音节词多在后面加er 或estFast faster fastestSoon sooner soonest而以-ly结尾的副

2、词以及某些频率副词则多半在前面加more 或most Clearly more clearly most clearlyOften more often most often形容词和副词比较级和最高级的不规则形式Bad/badly worse worstGood/well better bestOld older/elder oldest/eldestFar further/farther furthest/farthestMuch more most比较结构1.asas结构这种结构的基本模式是:as+形容词或副词原级+as分句John is as bright as bobThis parc

3、el is as heavy as that one这种比较结构的否定形式是John is not as/so bright as bob以上结构还可以用lessthan结构表示John is less bright than bob但是asas结构的句子也可能主语相同,而比较的项目不同The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful(这姑娘既漂亮又聪明也可能两个主语和两个比较项目都不同This swimming pool isnt twice as wide as that one is long(这个游泳池的宽度并没有那个游泳池长度的两倍As m

4、uch/many +名词+as 分句,这时many ,much是限定词He tool as much butter as he neededShe has writer as many essays as her brother这种结构的否定形式是He didnt take so/as much butter as he neededShe hasnt written so/as many essays as her brotherAs +形容词原级+名词词组+as分句George is as efficient a worker as jackHardly ever have I heard

5、 as impressive music as this2.more .than结构形容词或副词的比较级+than分句John is brighter than bobThis parcel is heavier than that one其否定形式是用lessthanThis parcel is less heavy than that one也可以用not so/as asThis parcel is not so/as heavy as that one限定词more/less/fewer+名词+than分句She has written more essays than heI hav

6、e done more work this morning than heI spent less money on clothing than my sister不定冠词/零冠词+形容词比较级+名词+than分句My brother has a larger house than mineJohn is a more efficient worker than jack以上诸例都可以转换为名词词组+more than 结构作后置修饰语John is a worker more efficient than jackMy brother has a house larger than mine

7、3.(the形容词/副词最高级+比较范围John is the brightest of the three boysOf the three boys john behaves (the most politelyHe works (the hardest of all以上结构可以换为morethan结构George did more work this morning than anyone elseThis car runs faster than any other car in the garage关于比较结构的补充说明“与其说A不如说B”的表达方式有more A than B=le

8、ss B than A=not so much B as AIt was not so much his appearance I liked as his personality=I like his appearance less than his personality=I like his personality more than his appearance.(与其说我喜欢他的外表不如说我爱他的为人Not more /-er than 与no more /-er thanJohn is not better than tomJohn is no better than tom前一句

9、表示约翰不比汤姆好,而后一句表示约翰和汤姆都不好A whale is no more a fish than a horse is鲸和马一样都不是鱼The morethe more 和more and more,前者表示越。越。,而后者表示越来越。The older I get, the happier I amThe car was running faster and fasterOther than=but/except除了,与否定词连用Rather than 而不是。倍数表达法N times asas 3 times as large as.N times larger than 3

10、times larger thanN times that of. 3 times that of N times the length of3times the length of .练习There are as good fish in the sea_ ever came out of itThan like as so_ the two, Bob is _ studentOf, diligent in, more diligentOf, the more diligent in, the more diligentMare is _ than AliceMore experienced

11、 a teacher a more experienced teacherMore an experienced teacher more experienced teacherIt was _ we had hopedMore a success than a success more thanAs much of a success as a success as much asDo you know Tims brother? He is _ than TimMuch more sportsman more of a sportsmanMore of sportsman more a s

12、portsmanIt is not_ much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understandThat as so veryThe trumpet player was certainly loudly. But I wasnt bothered by his loudness_ by his lack of talentSo much as rather than as thanFat cannot change into muscle _ muscle changes into fatAn

13、y more than no less than no more than much more thanJohn is _ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the examNo less no more not less no soOverpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably _ a threat to the human race than environmental destructionNo more not more e

14、ven more much moreThe less the surface of ground yields to the weight of a fully loaded truck, _ to the truckThe greater stress is greater is the stressThe stress is greater the greater the stressThe higher the standard of living, the _Greater is the amount of goods is consumed greater amount of goo

15、ds consumed Amount of goods is used is greater greater the amount of goods consumedThe atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as _ its soil and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceansHas do is areThe Second War, _ the earlier one if 1914, prompted public concern about the physical and intellect

16、ual well-being of the countrys human resourcesSo as as were as did same asJust as the builder is skilled in the handling of bricks, _ the experienced writer is skilled in the handling of his wordsAs thus so likeIntellect is to the mind _ sight is to the bodyWhat as that likeThe square itself if five

17、 hundred yards wide, five times _ the size of St.Peters in Rome/ that of which is ofLast year Mike earned _ his brother though his brother has a better positionTwice as much as twice as many asTwice as more asSome dieters find that after their dieting is over, they ate twice _ they did before their

18、dietMore than as many as much than as much asThe number of registered participants in this years marathon was half _Of last years those of last years of those of last year that if last yearsThe experiment requires more money than _Have been put in being put in has been put in to be put inThere ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk if mountain climbing than _ in the pyblicmind todayExists exist existing existedHe often sat in a small bar drinking more than _He was in good health his heal