英语宾语从句专讲和练习(共9页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上宾语从句概念：是在复合句中起宾语作用的从句。简单点说就是个大宾语，句子做宾语。宾语从句三大部分：引导词；语序；时态；引导（连接）词： （先来看几个例子）I think that mooncakes are delicious!I asked him whether/if he had finished all his homework.I dont know when he left last night.（从这几个例子可以发现常用连接词都有哪些）引导宾语从句的常见词有that, if, whether, what, who, where, why和how等。（先来看

2、that）1. that引导的宾语从句大多由陈述句担当，连词that本身无实际意义，口语和非正式文体中可省略。He said (that) he could finish his work before supper.I said (that) he was an honest man. 2. 用whether或if引导，意思为是否I dont know whether/if he still lives here after so many years.I want to know whether he likes the new house.3. what, who, whom, whos

3、e, which连接代词引导；when, where, how, why连接副词引导The teacher asked the new student which class he was in.I know who did the good deed. 我知道谁做的这件好事You must take back what you said. 你必须收回你所说的话I want to know when the plane will take off. 我想知道这架飞机什么时候起飞He didnt tell me where the meeting would be held. 他没有告诉我会议在

4、哪里开Mike asked me how I could do the work without any help. Mike问我，没借助任何人的帮助，我是怎样做这项工作的。Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？ (估计是老板指责员工)宾语从句的引导词，第一个that无意义，常省略，而whether，if，特殊疑问词都是有意义的，不能省略。提示：如果一句话中宾语从句很长，那么可以用it作为形式宾语，以免句子头重脚轻。He made it quite clear that he preferred to

5、study English.他很明确地说他宁愿学习英语 （it指代后面真正的宾语He preferred to study English）形容词的宾语从句：Sure, certain, gald, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied, sorry等表示情感的形容词后的从句常被视为宾语从句Im not sure whether they will agree with us. 我不确定他们是否会同意我们的意见。Im satisfied that they are telling the truth. 我确信他们讲的是真话。He was gl

6、ad that shed come. 他高兴她要来了-Do you knowhe could pass the exam? -Sorry, Ive no idea.A that B whether C what D whichCould you say it again? I cant understandyou are talking about. A how B when C what D which语序：1. 陈述句变为宾语从句时，语序不变。陈述句：He is an honest man宾语从句：I said he was an honest man.2. 一般疑问句变为宾语从句时，语序

7、变为陈述句顺序，用whether或if连接一般疑问句：Does he study hard?宾语从句：I wonder whether/if he studies hard.3. 特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时，语序变为陈述句语序，用原来的疑问词进行连接特殊疑问句：Who is he?宾语从句：Do you know who he is?时态：1） 当主句是现在时（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可以根据需要使用任何时态。（主现从需）She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.She says (that) she will l

8、eave a message on his desk.She says (that) she has never been to Beijing.(可以看出当主语是现在时的时候，从句可以使用各种时态)Can you tell me how many students there are in the room?2） 当主句是过去式（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），则从句的时态要用与过去相关的时态。（主过从过） I knew who lived here（一般过去时）He said (that)he was going to take care of the baby.(过去将来时)He said

9、 (that) they were having a meeting at that time(过去进行时)He said that he had seen it.(过去完成时)3） 但是有一种情况如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实和自然现象时，即便主句是过去式，从句用一般现在时。She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her. (什么时候她爸爸都是比她大28岁，这是个事实，什么时候都不会更改)He said (that) light travels much faster than sound.宾语从句的否定前移：I

10、think he looks like his father (变否定句，我认为他不像他爸，应该怎么否定？)I dont think he looks like his father. 否定在主句而不在从句，这种情况就是否定前移，否定前移的条件是主句是第一人称，谓语是think/believe/suppose等词。I believe that he is right (可以看下两点都符合，所以否定前移，I dont believe that he is right.If和when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别：If引导宾语从句，是“是否”If引导状语从句，是“如果”I dont know if

11、he will come He will come if it doesnt rainIf在两种从句的时态要求：I dont know if she to my birthday party tomorrow(主现从需). If she , I ll be very happy.（主将从现）A comes; will come B will come; will come C comes; will come D will come; comesIf he on time, we will go without himA doesnt come B dont come C didnt come

12、When引导状语从句时是“当。的时候”When 引导宾语从句时是“何时”When he comes back, I will call you 同学们可以看看引导是什么从句I dont know when he will come back.-Would you please tell me ?-At 10:00 this morningA when will the train leave B when the train will leave(陈述句语序，将来时) when does the train leave-Could you tell me when Mr. Li in Beij

13、ing? -Sure, when he, Ill call you.A arrives; will arrive B will arrive（宾语从句，主现从需）; arrives(状语从句，主将从现) C arrives; arrives D will arrives; will arrive(了解几个知识点)不能省略that的情况：1. 从句的主语是this,that或有this，that修饰时连接词that不能省。He says that that is a real kings hat.2. that从句中含有主从复合句。 Im afraid that if youve lost it

14、, you may pay for it.3. 主从之间有插入语时 It says here, on his card, that it was used in plays.4. 若出现两个或两个以上的有that引导的宾语从句，且由并列词连接时，只有第一个that可以省略。 She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son.只能用whether的情况1. 宾语从句置于句首表强调时 Whether this is true or not, I dont believe.2. 宾语从句与or not连用时 I

15、dont know whether or not he will come back.3. 与动词不定时连用时 She cant decide whether to go to America.4. 从句做介词宾语时 I worry about whether I hurt her.I am not interested in whether thy believe in me or not 我对他们是否信任我不感兴趣只能用if的情况1. 宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时 Tom wants to know if he wont come here tomorrow.含有宾语从句的复合句与简单句

16、的转换1. 主句的主语与从句的主语一致时，疑问词引导的宾语从句可以变成疑问词+不定式的结构。 I dont know how I should do it next=I dont know how to do it next.2. 当主句谓语动词是see, hear, watch等时，其后的that从句简化为“宾语+动词原形/ing”。 I saw that some boys were playing football=I saw some boys playing football。3. 当主句的谓语是hope, agree, wish等，主句的主语或宾语与从句的主语一致时，that引导的

17、从句可以简化为动词不定式 He agreed that he could help me with my English=he agreed to help me with My English.I want to know you wont clean the roomA whether B if B when B what you come or not, I will keep waiting for you.A If B whether C when D whereShe said she would be 7 years old and she would go to school.

18、A /;/ B that;/ C /;that He hopes that he can fly a plane in the future. 把这个句子的从句简化成动词不定式He hopes toin the future.中考链接一：1. Do you know ? -He is a dentist. A. where he is from B. where is he from C. what does his father do D. what his father is 2. I dont remember the book yesterday. A. where I put B.

19、where did I put C. where will I put D. where I will put3. How long does it take to get to the airport? -Forty minutes. But its foggy today. Im not surethe highway will be closed soon. Lets set off earlier. A. whether B. when C how D why4. Do you know the girl in blue is ? -Im not sure. Maybe a teach

20、er.(提问职业what are you or what do you do?) A whose B how C what D which5. Could you say it again? I cant understandyou are talking about. A how B when C what D which6. Peter, could you tell me ? -He is under the tree over there. A where you father is B what your father is C how your father is 7. Fathe

21、rs Day is coming. Im thinking about . A what present I gave him B where we had a big meal C how I will give him a surprise D if I planned a party for him8. I dont understand that everythings fine when its not. A how can we say B can he say how C he can say how D how he can say9.-Tell me. Well, its l

22、ike. A what is wrong with it B what is it C what the matter is with it D what is it like10. Our teachers always give us good advice. We should follow. A what they say B what they said C which they say D which they said.中考链接二：1. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me _?A. where you buy it B. wher

23、e do you buy itC. where you bought it D. where did you buy it2.Excuse me .Could you tell me_ I can get to the Space Museum? -Of course. You can take bus No.1.A. whereB. howC. ifD. why3.Do you know _the new mobile phone last week? -Maybe 900 yuan. Im not quite sure.A. how much she paid forB. how much

24、 will she pay for C. how much did she pay for4. Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And thats _ he succeeds .A. whatB. whenC. whyD. where5. Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie. Its about _.A. how did Alice end the Red Queens reign of terror（恐怖统治）B. what did Alice end the R

25、ed Queens reign of terrorC. how Alice ended the Red Queens reign of terrorD. what Alice ended the Red Queens reign of terror6. Do you know _the girl in red is? Im not sure. Maybe a teacher.A. whenB. howC. whoD. what7.What did your parents thank about your decision? -They always let me do _I think I

26、should.A. whenB. thatC. howD. what8. I want to know _.A. when we should arrive at the airport B. when should we arrive at the airportC. when the airport we should arrive at D. when the airport should we arrive at9. -Would you please tell me _? -At 10:00 this evening. A. when will the train leave B.

27、when the train will leave C. when does the train leave10.Could you tell me_? -Fill in this form and I will give you a card.A. how I can meet Cathy B. where I can meet CathyC. when I can meet Cathy11. Do you know _ the man with sunglasses is?-Im not sure. Maybe a reporter.A. who B. what C. where D. h

28、ow12. -Tommy, do you know if Frank _ to the zoo this Sunday if it _? -Sorry, I have no idea. A. will go; is fine B. goes; is fine C. will go; is going to be fine D. goes; will be fine 13. No one can be sure_ in a million years.A. what man looks like B. what will man look like C. what man looked like

29、 D. what man will look like14. Sue told me that she _ shopping with her sister the next day.A. will goB. would go C. goesD. has gone15. The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder _.A. how much it cost B. how much did it cost C. how much it costs D. how much does it cost16. -When do you think _?-A

30、bout half past five. I will pick him up at the airport.A. he will come B. will he come C. did he comeD. he came17. Our teacher told us the sun _ in the east.A. rise B. rose C. rising D. rises18. -Listen! It is still noisy in the head teachers office.-Go and se

31、e _ they have finished correcting the papers yet.A. though  B. whether C. unless  D. while19. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?-Sorry. I dont know _.A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroadC. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad20. Do you k

32、now _ the man with sunglasses is?-Im not sure. Maybe a reporter.A. who B. what C. where D. how 答案：1-5 CBACC 6-10 DDABA 11-15 BADBC 16-20 ADBDB 课后作业：习题练习1. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday?A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did2. I want to know_.A. wh

33、at is his name B. whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name is3. Do you know _ I could pass the exam?A. that B. whether C. what D. which4. Jim doesnt understand _.A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shoppingC. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always g

34、o shopping5. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for?A. that B. whose C. who D. which答案. 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C 选择填空。( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring( ) 2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he

35、from B. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry( ) 3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car( ) 4. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris( )5. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who w