必修1Module4ASocialSurvey-MyNeighbourhood重难知识点总结

1、Unit 4. A Social SurveyMy Neighbourhood 一重点词汇及拓展n.调查 vi.听起来3bother vt. 打扰；麻烦vt. 接近5. exchange vt交换6afford vt. 买得起，有能力支付7contact vt .联络；联系 （某人）8. fortunate adj.幸运的； 吉祥的 unfortunate（反义词）adj.不幸的fortune n .运 气vi.饿死starvatio n n. 饥饿10. occupation n. 职业occupy v. 占据11. fascinating adj迷人的； 吸引人的 fascinate v.

2、 使着迷fascination n. 魅力12. survive vi.幸存survival n.幸存，侥幸活下来13. attracti ng adj.有吸引力的attract v .吸引attraction n.吸引力 二重点短语1. as a result 因此，结果2. such as诸如之类的3go up 上升；上涨 4put up 建造；张贴5. get away from 摆脱6. pay back归还；报复7. a_great_many许多，大量8so far 到目前为止 三重点句型's been six years since we last saw each oth

3、er.自从上次我们见面以来已有六年 了2. It/This/That is the first time that.这/那是第一次3. What + be+主语+ like?（用来征求对方意见）询问某人或某些情况怎样四.语法 Present perfect tense现在完成时）一重点词汇及拓展1 bother vt. 打扰，麻烦，使烦扰 vi. 操心，花费时间、精力n. U（做某事）不便；C引起麻烦或不便的人或事归纳拓展（1）bother about sth.拿某事烦扰某人bother about/with sb./sth. 为某人/某事而烦恼；操心某人 /某事bother to do st

4、h. 烦心 /费力做某事be bothered about sb./sth.关心某人 / 某事（2）have no/much/little bother （in） doing 做不费力 /很费力 /几乎不费力例句： I don't want tomy problems at the moment. 我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。Don'tthe letters, they're not urge nt.不要为这些信操心，它们不是急件。We had a lot of our way there.【链接训练】I know this is not quite the right

5、 word ， but I can't be to think of a betterone.AdisturbedBbotheredCtroubledDworried2. approach v. &n.靠近；着手处理（事务等）；接近；通道；方法 归纳拓展（1）at the即proach of在快到的时候at one's approach 某人一接近approach to 的方法、步骤（其中to是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词形式）make an approach to 对进行探讨approach about sth为某事与某人打交道 例句： Now we're l

6、eaving the business district and approaching the harbour. 现在我们正离开商业区，前往港口。All approaches to the tow n were blocked所有进城的道路都被圭寸锁了。They prese nted a new approach to lear ning computer skills .他们提出了学习电脑技 术的新方法。【链接训练】 In some cases different approachesthe same scientific problem lead to conflicting theor

7、ies.A. toB. withC. aboutD. ofAs Ithe littlegrass house in the forest ，my heart beat more and morequickly.A. approachedC. ranB. walkedD. stepped3. con tact vt.与保人）接触；与（某人）联系 n. U接触，传达，交流意见；C 有联系；关系，接触归纳拓展come into/be in contact with sb. 与某人有来往；和某人接触get in/into con tact with sb. = make con tact with s

8、b.与某人取得联系keep in con tact/touch with sb.与某人保持联系be out of/lose contact with.与失去联系例句： The journalists contact related people and fix a time for a face-to-face interview.They have been/have remained each other all these years.After the earthquake, peopleoutside地震后，人们与外界失去了联系。It's good manners to ma

9、intain eyewhen talking or listening to others.A. contactB. touchC. communicationD. connection 4. afford v.担负得起（费用），抽得出（时间），提供（1）afford意为“买得起，负担得起”，常与can，could，be able to连用，后接名 词、代词或不定式。(2)afford sth .负担得起某物的费用afford to do sth.负担得起做某事的费用例句：The price of homes goes up and people from the area cannot af

10、ford to buy a house there.His own garden affords fresh vegetables to the family.他自家的菜园为一家人提供新鲜蔬菜。Music affords us pleasure音乐给我们带来欢乐。Aren't you going to buy that car？It is modern and comfortable.Yes，it I can'tsuch an expensive car now.AaffordBliveChopeDoffer5. survive vt.比活得长，幸免于；从中逃生vi.活下来，幸

11、存(1) A survive B A比B活得时间长survive the accident/fire/earthquake 在事故/火灾/地震中幸免于难survive from.从幸存下来survive on靠维持生活，靠存活下来(2) survival n.幸存survivor n.幸存者，死里逃生的人17例句： All these things mean that many villages in Western Europe are fighting to survive.She survived her husband for 10 years.She is barely surviv

12、ing on her monthly social security payment.It was lucky that he survived the big earthquake.【链接训练】There's little chance that mankind would a nuclear war.A. retainB. endure C. maintainD. survive二.重点短语1. put up建造，搭起；张贴；为提供食宿put away储存(钱)；储存以备用；储蓄put forward 提出 (意见、建议等 )put off 延期；推迟put on 假装；伪装；表演

13、，上演 (戏剧 )；穿上，戴上put through 接通电话例句： They've put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently.The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon.【链接训练】An industry-theme museum is towhere there was once an iron factory,which did a lot for the country in the past.A. put offB. be put upC. put outD. be p

14、ut down2. go up（价格、温度等）上升，上涨；被兴建，被建造；攀爬归纳拓展go up to上升至 go up by以某种速度（比例）上升go after追求，追逐 go back to追溯至U，起源于go out出去；熄灭 go over复习，仔细检查go through 浏览，翻阅；遭受；经历；仔细检查go without没有也勉强过得去例句：I believe prices might go up next week.New office blocks are going up everywhere.They went up the hill the other day.【链接

15、训练】The price of the goods hasbut our income doesn't increase.A. gone upB. been gone upC. brought downD. been brought down3. a great many许多，大量的 英语中有些表示“许多，大量”的短语后接可数名词与不可数名词的情况不同， 归纳如下：例句： A great many books have been published this year.It seems that a great number of them are out of work now.Th

16、e number of people invited was one hundred， but a number of them were absent for different reasons.Large quantities of water have been polluted with the development of industry. 【链接训练】 I hearboys in your school like playing football in their spare time，though others prefer basketball.A. quite a lotB

17、. quite a fewC. quite a bitD. quite a little This year an in creased nu mber of driversfor speed ing.A. have punished B. have been punishedC. has punishedD. has been punished三.重点句型It's been six years since we last saw each other.归纳拓展(1) It is/has bee n +段时间+ si nee从句(从句中的动词为短暂性动词的过去 时)”，是一个短暂性动词

18、表示延续性的句型。(2) 如果表示“在过去以前某人做某事持续了一段时间”则用句型“It was/had been + 段时间+ since从句(从句中用短暂性动词的过去完成时)”。(3) 此句型结构中，从句中的动词若为短暂性动词，则动词词义和句意相同，即 “自从至今已有多久了” ；若从句中的动词为延续性动词或状态动词，则动词词义和句意相反，即“自从不已经多久了”。例句：It is/has bee n 5 years si nee he left Beiji ng他离开北京已 5 年了。It is/has been 5 years since he lived in Beijin他不在北京住已经

19、有 5 年了。It was several years since the war had broke n ou 战争已经爆发好几年了。 【链接训练】 一Is it for two mon thsthey have stayed here?No, it is only three weeks they arrived here.Athat；sinceBthat；whenCwhen；thatDsince；before It is almost five yearswe saw each other last time.AbeforeBsinceCafterDbecause现在完成时现在完成时表示

20、动作发生在过去， 但与现在的情况有关系， 即用一个过去的动作 来说明现在的情况，现在完成时是现在时态。现在完成时的构成是助动词“have/has+ done（过去分词）”其否定形式为：have/has+ not + done（过去分词）；其被动形式为：have/has+ been done（过去分词）现在完成时的基本用法：（1）表示过去发生的动作，其后果和影响现在仍存在，过去的动作和现在的结果 相联系。此时句中常有 already，ever，never，yet，just，before 等副词作状语， 也可不用任何时间状语。例句： I have seen the film The Gold Ru

21、sh before.（2）表示过去开始并延续到现在的动作或状态。肯定句中只能用延续性动词；否 定句中用延续性、终止性动词均可。常和表示一段时间的状语连用，如 for two months，since 等，也可以表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的时间状语连用，女口 this morning, recently, in the past few years等。例句： He has worked here for 20 year He hasn't spoken English since he left school. 注意：在肯定句中非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用， 需要时要

22、用延 续性动词或表示状态的动词替换。I have kept/had the new car for a month. （此时不能用 bought）Mr Black has been back to China twice since 2006.此（ 时不能用 come back）（3）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中表示将来完成的动作。例句： I will lend you the book as soon as I have finished reading it.（4）与表示不确定的时间状语及包括有现在时间意义在内的状语连用，如 already，ever, never, yet, just, recently 等。例句： Now I've got used to having Chinese food.（5）先行词是最高级形式或被最高级形容词修饰时,定语从句常用现在完成时。例句： This is the most moving story that I've heard about.被the first time , several times, again and again等表示次数或重复的状语修饰， 所说的又是现在的事情时,用现在完成时 （尽管动作行为发生或开始于过去某一 时间）。例句： This is the first time that I